Igenzura ryimashini nuburyo bwo kugenzura!

Imashini ikurura imashini hamwe nibikoresho byo gufata

Imashini ikora imashiniubugenzuzi bukenewe

01Igenzura ryimashini-kugenzura aho umushoferi akora

-Ibyoherejwe

Akabari k'umushoferi kagomba gushyirwaho kumwanya wumushoferi wimashini igenda.

Imashini zifite misa ikora irenze kg 1.500 hamwe nu mwanya wumushoferi igomba kuba ifite cab yumushoferi. Imashini zifite misa ikora itarenze cyangwa ingana na kg 1.500 ntabwo isabwa kuba ifite cab ya shoferi.

Imashini zikoresha isi zigomba gutegurwa kugirango harebwe niba ibikoresho birinda umutekano byashyizweho mugihe bikoreshejwe mubisabwa aho hashobora kubaho imyanda iguruka (urugero nko gukoresha hydraulics).

Umwanya muto wibikorwa

Umwanya muto wo kugenda kubashoferi ugomba kubahiriza ISO 3411.

Umwanya muto kumwanya wumushoferi nu mwanya wubugenzuzi ugomba kubahiriza ISO 6682

-Kwimura ibice

Hagomba gutegurwa uburyo bwo kwirinda impanuka ziturutse kumwanya wumushoferi hamwe nibice bigenda nkibiziga, umukandara cyangwa ibikoresho byakazi cyangwa imigereka.

-Engine umunaniro

Umwuka wa gaze uva kuri moteri ugomba kubikwa kure yumushoferi no guhumeka ikirere

- Kugura no kubitsa uruhushya rwo gutwara

Umwanya ugomba gutangwa hafi yumwanya wumushoferi kugirango ubike neza igitabo cyumushoferi cyangwa andi mabwiriza yo gukora. Niba umwanya wumushoferi udashobora gufungwa cyangwa nta kabari yabashoferi ihari, umwanya ugomba gufungwa.

-Impande zikarishye

Ntabwo hagomba kubaho impande zose zisharira cyangwa inguni kumurimo wumushoferi (nkigisenge, icyuma cyimbere imbere no kunyura kumwanya wumushoferi).

-Climate conditions kumwanya wumushoferi

Akazu k'umushoferi kagomba kurinda umushoferi ibihe bibi byateganijwe. Imyiteguro ya sisitemu yo guhumeka, sisitemu yo gushyushya ibintu hamwe na sisitemu yo gukuraho ibirahuri bigomba gushyirwaho hakurikijwe amabwiriza.

-Imiyoboro nini hamwe na hose

Cab ifite ibikoresho byamazi arenze 5 MPa cyangwa ubushyuhe burenze 60 C hamwe na hose.

-Ibanze byinjira kandi bisohoka

Hafunguwe uburyo bwibanze bwo gufungura, ibipimo bigomba kuba bijyanye na ISO 2867.

- Ubundi buryo bwo kwinjira no gusohoka

Ubundi buryo bwo kwinjira / gusohoka bugomba gutangwa kuruhande rutandukanye rwinjira / gusohoka. Ibipimo byayo bigomba kubahiriza ISO 2867.Iyi ishobora kuba idirishya cyangwa irindi rembo rishobora gukingurwa cyangwa kwimurwa nta mfunguzo cyangwa ibikoresho. Niba ubwinjiriro bushobora gukingurwa bivuye imbere nta rufunguzo cyangwa ibikoresho, koresha akazu. Inzugi zishobora kumeneka kumadirishya hamwe nidirishya ryubunini bukwiye birashobora no gufatwa nkibindi bisohokayandikiro bikwiye, hashingiwe ko inyundo yo gutoroka ikenewe itangwa mu kabari igashyirwa aho umushoferi ageze.

Sisitemu yo guhumeka

Sisitemu yo guhumeka igomba kuba ishobora gutanga umwuka mwiza kuri cab ya shoferi ifite umuvuduko utari munsi ya 43 m / h. Akayunguruzo kagomba kugeragezwa hakurikijwe SO 10263-2.

Sisitemu yo gukuraho

Sisitemu ya defrosting igomba gutanga ibikoresho byimbere byinyuma ninyuma, nko muri sisitemu yo gushyushya cyangwa igikoresho cyabugenewe.

Sisitemu yo kwishyuza

Niba hatanzwe kabisi ifite sisitemu yo gukanda, sisitemu yo gukanda igomba kugeragezwa hakurikijwe ibivugwa muri SO 10263-3 kandi igomba gutanga umuvuduko ugereranije murugo uri munsi ya 50 Pa.

-Imiryango na Windows

Imiryango, Windows na flaps bigomba guhagarikwa neza mumwanya wabigenewe. Imiryango igomba gufatirwa aho igenewe gukorera hamwe nimbogamizi zikomeye zagenewe gukomeza gufungura neza amarembo y’ibanze no gusohoka mu mwanya wabigenewe, kandi ibibujijwe bigomba kurekurwa byoroshye bivuye ku mwanya w’umushoferi cyangwa ku rubuga rw’abashoferi.

Windows yimodoka igomba gushyirwaho numutekano cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bifite imikorere imwe yumutekano.

Idirishya ryimbere rigomba kuba rifite ibikoresho byohanagura amashanyarazi.

Ikigega cy'amazi cyogeje idirishya kigomba kuboneka byoroshye.

-Itara ryimbere

Akabari k'umushoferi kagomba kuba gafite ibikoresho bimurika imbere, bigomba gukomeza gukora nyuma yo kuzimya moteri, kugirango umwanya wumushoferi umurikwe kandi nigitabo gisomwa.

- Inkinzo yo gukingira umushoferi

Imashini zikoresha imashini zigomba kuba zishobora gushyiraho uburyo bwo kurinda umushoferi (abarinzi bakuru n'abashinzwe umutekano). Uruganda rugomba gutanga ibikoresho birinda (abarinzi bo hejuru nabashinzwe umutekano), bigomba gutoranywa numukoresha ukurikije ingaruka zishobora kubaho.

-Gwa Ibikoresho byo Kurinda Ibintu (FOPS)

Usibye ibiteganijwe muri ISO3449, crane kare iteganijwe gukoreshwa ahantu hamwe nibintu bishobora kugwa hagomba gutegurwa kugirango ibashe gushyiraho ibintu birinda ibintu (FOPS).

02Kugenzura Ubucukuzi bw'imashini -Igenzura ry'umushoferi n'ibipimo

-Tangira kandi uhagarike igikoresho

Imashini zitwara isi zigomba kuba zifite ibikoresho byo gutangiza no guhagarika (nkurufunguzo), kandi sisitemu yo gutangira igomba kuba ifite ibikoresho byo gukingira kugirango birinde gukoreshwa bitemewe.

Imashini zigenda kwisi zigomba kuba zarakozwe kuburyo moteri itangiye cyangwa ihagaritswe, ntibishoboka kwimura imashini, ibikoresho byakazi hamwe numugereka utabanje kugenzura.

-Ibikorwa bitunguranye

Ibikoresho byo kugenzura bishobora guteza akaga bitewe nigikorwa cyimpanuka bigomba gutegurwa cyangwa kumugara cyangwa kurindwa hakurikijwe ihame ryo kugabanya ingaruka. By'umwihariko, iyo umushoferi yinjiye akanasohoka aho umushoferi ahagaze, igikoresho kibuza kugenzura kigomba kuba cyikora, cyangwa kigakangurwa ku gahato kandi kigakorwa nibikoresho bifitanye isano.

pedal

Hagomba kubaho ubunini, imiterere n'umwanya uhagije hagati yabo. Ikirenge kigomba kugira ubuso butanyerera kandi byoroshye gusukura. Niba pedal yimashini zigenda kwisi hamwe na pedal yimodoka bifite imirimo imwe (clutch, feri no kwihuta), kugirango wirinde akaga gaterwa no kuvanga, pedale igomba gutondekwa muburyo bumwe.

-Ibyihutirwa bimanuka kumugereka

Niba moteri ihagaze, bigomba gushoboka kuri:

· Hasi igikoresho gikora / umugereka kubutaka / rack;

· Kugabanuka k'umurimo / umugereka biragaragara uhereye aho umushoferi akora igenzura ryo kumanura:

· Kurandura umuvuduko usigaye muri buri cyuma cya hydraulic na pneumatike cyibikoresho byakazi / ibikoresho byifashishwa bishobora gutera ibyago.Itegeko ryo kugabanya imigereka hamwe nuburyo bwo gukuraho igitutu gisigaye rishobora kuba hanze yumwanya wumushoferi kandi bizasobanurwa mubitabo byabashoferi.

-Urugendo rutagenzuwe

Kwimuka kwimashini nibikoresho bikora cyangwa imigereka biva kumwanya uhamye, usibye iyo bikoreshwa numushoferi, kubera kunyerera cyangwa gutinda (urugero biterwa no kumeneka) cyangwa mugihe amashanyarazi yahagaritswe, bizagenzurwa murwego rutatera ingaruka. ku bantu bagaragaye.

-Iyerekanwa ryerekanwa / kugenzura, ibimenyetso n'ibimenyetso

· Umushoferi agomba kuba ashobora kubona ibimenyetso bikenewe byerekana imikorere isanzwe yimashini uhereye kumwanya wumushoferi, kumanywa cyangwa nijoro. Urumuri rugomba kugabanywa.

· Ibipimo byo kugenzura imikorere isanzwe numutekano wimashini bigomba kubahiriza ibivugwa muri ISO 6011 kubyerekeye umutekano nibibazo bifitanye isano.

· Ibimenyetso byerekana / kugenzura ibikoresho kumashini yimuka yubutaka bigomba kubahiriza ibivugwa muri ISO 6405-1 cyangwa S 6405-2, nkuko bikenewe.

- Ibikoresho byo kugenzura imashini zigenda zitagenewe gukorerwa hasi bigomba guhabwa uburyo bwo kugabanya amahirwe yo kuzamura igikoresho cyo kugenzura hasi.

- Imashini zitagendera kuri moteri zigomba kuba zifite ibikoresho bifata ibyuma bihagarika imikorere yimashini nigikorwa kibi cyo gushyira mubikorwa mugihe umushoferi arekuye igenzura. Igenzura rigomba gutegurwa kugirango harebwe ingaruka ziterwa nimpanuka yimashini yerekeza kubakoresha.

03Igenzura ryimashini-kugenzura sisitemu

- Sisitemu yo kuyobora igomba kwemeza ko uburyo bwo kuyobora bujyanye nicyerekezo cyerekanwe cyerekanwe muriISO 10968.

- Imashini itwikiriye / isubiza inyuma umukandara Sisitemu yo kuyobora imashini itwikiriye umukandara igenda ku muvuduko urenga 20 km / h igomba kuba yoroheje.

 04Igenzura ryimashini-kugenzura sisitemu ya feri

Imashini zikoresha imashini zigomba kuba zifite imikorere ya swing na feri yo guhagarara.

05Igenzura ryimashini-kugenzura sisitemu yo kugenzura

- Kugenzura ku gahato (kuzamura / hasi)

Sisitemu yo guterura imashini ikora imashini igomba kuba ifite feri. Feri igomba guhita ikora nyuma yo kurekura ikiganza cyangwa pedal. Sisitemu yo gufata feri igomba guhita ikora mugihe habaye gutakaza ingufu cyangwa kugabanuka kumugaragaro, kandi ntibigomba kugira ingaruka kumikorere yibikorwa. Feri Sisitemu igomba kuba ishobora kugumana umutwaro wagenwe muri 4.8

-Ibikorwa byo kugwa kubuntu

Sisitemu yo kuzamura imashini ikora imashini igomba kuba ifite feri kandi igahita ikorwa mugihe gikurikira: - Imikorere ijyanye na pedal yamaguru;

Kurekura ukuboko.

Feri igomba gushyirwaho kugirango itange feri ikomeza yumutwaro ugenda.Ubuyobozi bugomba kuba bwarakozwe kugirango wirinde umugozi winsinga kuzamuka cyangwa kugwa kubutegetsi.

-Kora

Iyo uhinduye kubikorwa byo kugenzura ku gahato kubikorwa byubusa, ntihakagombye kubaho igitonyanga cyumutwaro.

-boom

Iterambere ryimashini ikingira imashini igomba kurindwa kugaruka mugihe habaye gupakurura gitunguranye. Boom igomba kuba ifite ibikoresho ntarengwa kugirango wirinde kurenza urugero.

Guhuza (bolts) hagati yibice bitandukanye bya boom bigomba gutegurwa kugirango yemererwe kandi ikurweho bitabaye ngombwa ko abakozi bahagarara munsi yubukungu.

-Umugozi

Impamvu z'umutekano z'umugozi wogukoresha imashini zigomba kugenwa.

-Umugozi wumugozi wingoma hamwe nu mugozi wumugozi pulley

· Gushushanya no gukora ingoma yumugozi wumugozi hamwe nu mugozi wumugozi bigomba kwirinda kwangirika kwumugozi winsinga no kunyerera cyangwa gutandukana kwumugozi wumugozi wihuru.

· Ikigereranyo cyumugozi wumugozi wingoma ya diameter na diameter yumugozi ugomba kuba byibuze 20: 1.

· Ikigereranyo cyumugozi wumugozi pulley diameter na diameter yumugozi wumugozi wapimwe kumurongo wumugozi ugomba kuba byibuze 22: 1. Kuyobora ibiyobora, kuyobora pulleys hamwe nu mugozi winsinga zingirakamaro.

· Kunyerera, impande yingoma ya winch igomba kuba byibuze inshuro 1.5 diameter yumugozi winsinga.

06Igenzura ryimashini-kugenzura ibikoresho

-Ukoze imipaka ntarengwa

Mugihe cyo gutunganya ibintu, sisitemu yo kuzamura hamwe na sisitemu yo kuzamura boom igomba kuba ifite ibikoresho bigabanya umuvuduko kugirango wirinde kurenza urugero. Igihe ntarengwa cyo kwishyiriraho kigomba gushyirwaho umutwaro wagenwe ugaragara muri 4.8, hamwe no kwihanganira 10%. Nyuma yumutwaro wigihe ntarengwa ukoreshwa, umwanya wumutwaro ugomba kugabanuka. 4.7.2 Uzamure imipaka ntarengwa.

Muburyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho, imashini zikoresha imashini zigomba kuba zifite imipaka ntarengwa yo guterura. Nyuma yo guhinduranya imipaka ikora, boom igomba kuba ishobora kugabanuka.

-Limitike ya sisitemu yo kuzamura boom

Sisitemu yo guterura boom ya moteri ikurura imashini igomba kuba ifite moteri ntarengwa kugirango wirinde kurenza urugero kuri boom. Nyuma yo guhinduranya imipaka ikora, boom igomba kuba ishobora kugabanuka.

07Igenzura ryimashini-kugenzura ituze

- Imashini zimura isi hamwe nibikoresho bikora hamwe nu mugereka, harimo ibikoresho bidahwitse, byateguwe kandi bikozwe neza bizatanga umutekano uhagije mugihe cyo kubungabunga, guteranya, gusenya no gutwara ibintu byagenwe nuwabikoze mubitabo byabashoferi. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mukongera imbaraga zimashini zimura isi muburyo bwimikorere bigomba gushyirwaho interlock cyangwa valve imwe kugirango ifate hose mumwanya niba binaniwe cyangwa byuzuye amavuta.

- Indobo ya Dragline, ubushobozi bwo gukora imashini icukura imashini ikora ni ntoya muri ebyiri zikurikira:

a) 75% yumubare wabazwe urenze P;

b) Ubushobozi ntarengwa bwo guterura winch.

Indobo yindobo yububiko igomba kugenwa nuwabikoze

-Gufata amasuka

Ubushobozi bwo gukora imashini ikora imashini ifata no gufata amasuka igomba kuba ntoya muri ebyiri zikurikira:

· Ukurikije 66% yumubare wabazwe urenze P;

· Ubushobozi ntarengwa bwo guterura winch.

Ubushobozi bwo guhinduranya amasuka bugenwa hakurikijwe ISO 7546 naho kalibrasi yubushobozi bwindobo ifata igenwa nuwabikoze.