Kugenzura VS Ikizamini
Kumenya nigikorwa cya tekiniki yo kumenya kimwe cyangwa byinshi biranga ibicuruzwa runaka, inzira cyangwa serivisi ukurikije uburyo bwihariye. Kumenya birashoboka ko aribwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane mugusuzuma guhuza ibikorwa, aribwo buryo bwo kumenya ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa byihariye. Igenzura risanzwe ririmo ingano, ibigize imiti, ihame ryamashanyarazi, imiterere yubukanishi, nibindi. Kwipimisha bikorwa ninzego zitandukanye, zirimo ibigo bya leta, ibigo by’amasomo n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi, imiryango y’ubucuruzi n’inganda.
Ubugenzuzi bivuga isuzuma rihuye binyuze mu gupima, kwitegereza, gutahura cyangwa gupima. Hazabaho guhuzagurika hagati yo kwipimisha no kugenzura, kandi ibikorwa nkibi bikunze gukorwa numuryango umwe. Igenzura ahanini riterwa nubugenzuzi bugaragara, ariko birashobora no kubamo gutahura, mubisanzwe ukoresheje ibikoresho byoroshye, nkibipimo. Ubugenzuzi busanzwe bukorwa nabakozi batojwe cyane bakurikije inzira zifatika kandi zisanzwe, kandi ubugenzuzi busanzwe bushingiye kumyumvire ifatika nuburambe bwumugenzuzi.
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Amagambo ateye urujijo
ISO 9000 VS ISO 9001
ISO9000 ntabwo yerekeza kubisanzwe, ahubwo ni itsinda ryibipimo. Umuryango ISO9000 wibipimo nigitekerezo cyashyizwe ahagaragara n’umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku bipimo ngenderwaho (ISO) mu 1994. Bivuga amahame mpuzamahanga yashyizweho na ISO / Tc176 (Komite Tekinike ishinzwe imicungire y’ubuziranenge n’ubuziranenge bw’umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ubuziranenge).
ISO9001 nimwe mubipimo ngenderwaho bya sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge yashyizwe mu muryango wa ISO9000. Byakoreshejwe mukugenzura ko ishyirahamwe rifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyifuzo byabakiriya nibisabwa n'amategeko agenga, hagamijwe kunoza ibyifuzo byabakiriya. Harimo amahame ane yibanze: sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge - ishingiro na terminologiya, sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge - ibisabwa, sisitemu yo gucunga neza - umurongo ngenderwaho wo kunoza imikorere, hamwe nubuyobozi bugenzura ubuziranenge n’ibidukikije.
Kumenyekanisha VS
Icyemezo bivuga ibikorwa byo gusuzuma ihuza aho urwego rwemeza rwemeza ko ibicuruzwa, serivisi na sisitemu yo gucunga byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa cyangwa ibipimo ngenderwaho bya tekiniki bijyanye.
Kwemerera bivuga ibikorwa byo gusuzuma impamyabumenyi byemewe n’urwego rushinzwe kwemeza ubushobozi n’imyitozo y’urwego rwemeza, urwego rushinzwe ubugenzuzi, laboratoire n'abakozi bakora isuzuma, ubugenzuzi n'ibindi bikorwa byo gutanga ibyemezo.
CNAS VS CMA
CMA, mugufi kubushinwa bwemewe.Itegeko rya Metrology ya Repubulika y’Ubushinwa riteganya ko ikigo cy’ubugenzuzi bw’ibicuruzwa gitanga amakuru ya noteri kuri sosiyete kigomba gutsinda igenzura rya metero, ubushobozi bwo gupima n’isuzuma ryizewe n’ishami ry’ubuyobozi bwa metrologiya rya guverinoma y’abaturage cyangwa hejuru y’intara. Iri suzuma ryitwa icyemezo cya metrologiya.
Icyemezo cya Metrologiya ni uburyo bwo gusuzuma ku gahato ibigo by’ubugenzuzi (laboratoire) bitanga amakuru ya noteri kuri sosiyete binyuze mu mategeko agenga ibipimo by’ubushinwa, ibyo bikaba byavugwa kandi ko ari leta byemewe na laboratoire na guverinoma ifite ibiranga Ubushinwa. Amakuru yatanzwe n’ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa byatsinze icyemezo cya metrologiya azakoreshwa mu gutanga ibyemezo by’ubucuruzi, gusuzuma ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa no gusuzuma ibyagezweho nk’amakuru ya noteri kandi bigira ingaruka ku mategeko.
CNAS: Ikigo cy’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa gishinzwe kwemeza isuzumabumenyi (CNAS) ni ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kwemerera cyashyizweho kandi kibyemerewe na komisiyo ishinzwe imiyoborere n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kwemeza no kwemerera hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’amabwiriza agenga Repubulika y’Ubushinwa ku bijyanye no gutanga ibyemezo no kwemerera, abishinzwe. kugirango yemererwe inzego zemeza, laboratoire, ibigo byubugenzuzi nibindi bigo bireba.
Kwemerera laboratoire kubushake kandi ubigiramo uruhare. Ibipimo byemewe bihwanye na iso / iec17025: 2005. Hariho amasezerano yo kumenyekanisha yashyizweho umukono na ILAC nandi mashyirahamwe mpuzamahanga y’ubufatanye muri laboratoire yo kumenyekanisha.
Ubugenzuzi bwimbere vs ubugenzuzi bwo hanze
Igenzura ryimbere mu gihugu ni ugutezimbere imiyoborere yimbere, guteza imbere ireme ryiza ufata ingamba zijyanye no gukosora no gukumira ibibazo byabonetse, ubugenzuzi bwimbere bwikigo, ubugenzuzi bwambere, ukareba uko sosiyete yawe ikora.
Ubugenzuzi bwo hanze busobanura ubugenzuzi bwikigo nisosiyete itanga ibyemezo, hamwe nubugenzuzi bwabandi kugirango barebe niba isosiyete ikora ikurikije sisitemu isanzwe, kandi niba icyemezo cyicyemezo gishobora gutangwa.
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Amagambo akoreshwa cyane
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2. Ubugenzuzi: bivuga inzira itunganijwe, yigenga kandi yanditse kugirango ubone ibimenyetso byubugenzuzi no kubisuzuma neza kugirango umenye urwego rwujuje ibipimo byubugenzuzi.
3. Umugenzuzi w'imari: bivuga umuntu ufite ubushobozi bwo gukora igenzura.
4. ishami rishinzwe kugenzura no gushyira mu kato Inama y’igihugu yemerewe n’ishami ry’igihugu gishinzwe kugenzura no kwemeza.
5. Icyemezo cya CCC: bivuga icyemezo cyibicuruzwa byemewe.
. . Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gutanga ibyemezo no kwemerera (aha ni ukuvuga Ubuyobozi bushinzwe gutanga ibyemezo no kwemerera) gishinzwe imirimo y’ubuzima bw’inganda z’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu mahanga. Ibigo byose bitanga, bitunganya kandi bikabika ibiribwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku butaka bwa Repubulika y’Ubushinwa bigomba kubona icyemezo cy’ubuzima mbere yo gutanga, gutunganya no kubika ibiribwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.
7. gusaba ibikoresho byo kwandikisha ubuzima bw’amahanga mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gutanga ibyemezo no kwemerera (nyuma bikitwa Ubuyobozi bushinzwe gutanga ibyemezo no kwemerera), kandi komisiyo ishinzwe kwemeza no kwemeza izagenzura ko yujuje ibisabwa, CNCA (mu izina rya “Icyemezo cy’igihugu na Ubuyobozi bushinzwe kwemerera Repubulika y’Ubushinwa ”) burasaba abayobozi bose babishoboye ibihugu cyangwa uturere bireba.
8. Kwiyandikisha bitumizwa mu mahanga bivuga gutanga no gushyira mu bikorwa ku mugaragaro ingingo zerekeye iyandikisha n’imicungire y’ibikorwa by’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga by’ibiribwa bitumizwa mu mahanga mu 2002, bikurikizwa mu iyandikwa n’imicungire y’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, gutunganya no kubika ibicuruzwa (aha bivuzwe haruguru) inganda ziva mu mahanga) kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa. Inganda z’amahanga zohereza ibicuruzwa muri Cataloge mu Bushinwa zigomba gusaba kwiyandikisha mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kwemeza no kwemerera. Ibiribwa by’abakora mu mahanga batiyandikishije ntibishobora gutumizwa mu mahanga.
9. HACCP: Isesengura rya Hazard hamwe ningingo ikomeye yo kugenzura. HACCP nihame shingiro riyobora ibigo byibiribwa gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura ibiribwa, bushimangira gukumira ingaruka aho gushingira ku kugenzura ibicuruzwa byanyuma. Sisitemu yo kugenzura ibiribwa ishingiye kuri HACCP yitwa sisitemu ya HACCP. Nuburyo bwo kumenya, gusuzuma no kugenzura ingaruka zikomeye z’umutekano w’ibiribwa.
10 Agriculture Ubuhinzi-mwimerere: bivuga “Dukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho bimwe na bimwe by’ubuhinzi-mwimerere, ntabwo dukoresha ibinyabuzima n’ibicuruzwa byabonywe n’ubuhanga bw’ubuvanganzo ngengabuzima mu musaruro, ntidukoresha imiti yica udukoko twangiza udukoko, ifumbire, imiti ikura, inyongeramusaruro n’ibindi bintu, gukurikiza amategeko karemano n’amahame y’ibidukikije, guhuza uburinganire hagati y’ibihingwa n’ubuhinzi bw’amafi, kandi ugakoresha uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga rirambye ry’ubuhinzi kugira ngo habeho gahunda ihamye kandi ihamye y’ubuhinzi. Ubushinwa bufite igipimo cyigihugu cyibicuruzwa kama (GB / T19630-2005) byatanzwe.
11. Icyemezo cyibicuruzwa kama: bivuga ibikorwa byinzego zemeza ibyemezo kugirango hasuzumwe umusaruro nogutunganya ibicuruzwa kama hakurikijwe ingamba zubutegetsi bwo kwemeza ibicuruzwa kama (Iteka rya AQSIQ [2004] No 67) nizindi ngingo zemeza ibyemezo, hamwe na garagaza ko zujuje ubuziranenge bwigihugu cyibicuruzwa kama.
12. Ibicuruzwa kama: bivuga ibicuruzwa byakozwe, bitunganywa kandi bigurishwa hakurikijwe amahame yigihugu kubicuruzwa kama kandi byemejwe ninzego zemewe.
13. Ibiribwa bibisi: bivuga ibiryo byatewe, bihingwa, bigashyirwa hamwe n’ifumbire mvaruganda, kandi bigatunganywa kandi bigakorwa munsi y’ibidukikije bisanzwe, ikoranabuhanga ry’umusaruro, hamwe n’ubuziranenge bw’ubuzima bidafite uburozi bukabije n’imiti yica udukoko twangiza cyane mu bihe bitarangwamo umwanda, kandi byemejwe ninzego zibishinzwe zifite ikirango kibisi. (Icyemezo gishingiye ku nganda za Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi.)
14. yemerewe gukoresha ikirango cyibicuruzwa byubuhinzi bidafite umwanda.
15. Icyemezo cya sisitemu yo gucunga ibiribwa ibyemezo: bivuga gukurikiza ihame rya HACCP muri sisitemu yose ya sisitemu yo gucunga ibiribwa, nayo ihuza ibisabwa bijyanye na sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge, kandi ikayobora neza imikorere, ingwate no gusuzuma gucunga umutekano w'ibiribwa. Dukurikije Amategeko yo Gushyira mu bikorwa Icyemezo cya Sisitemu yo gucunga ibiribwa, urwego rushinzwe gutanga ibyemezo rukora ibikorwa byo gusuzuma ibyangombwa by’inganda zikora ibiribwa hakurikijwe GB / T22000 “Sisitemu yo gucunga ibiribwa - Ibisabwa ku miryango itandukanye mu ruhererekane rw’ibiribwa” kandi bidasanzwe ibisabwa bya tekiniki, aribyo bita sisitemu yo gucunga ibiribwa (icyemezo cya FSMS mugihe gito).
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17. Uburyo bwiza bwo gukora: nko kugenzura umusaruro no gutunganya, gupakira, kubika, gukwirakwiza, isuku y abakozi n’amahugurwa, nibindi) ibicuruzwa bigomba kugira kubyara umusaruro no kubitunganya, no gushyira mubikorwa imiyoborere yubumenyi no gukurikirana byimazeyo mubikorwa byose. Ibikubiye muri GMP nuburyo bwibanze ibigo bitunganya ibiribwa bigomba kuba byujuje, nibisabwa kugirango dutezimbere kandi dushyire mubikorwa ubundi buryo bwo kwihaza mu biribwa no gucunga neza ubuziranenge.
18. Icyemezo cyisoko ryicyatsi kibisi: bivuga gusuzuma no kwemeza ibidukikije byisoko n’ibicuruzwa, ibikoresho (kwerekana ibicuruzwa, kwerekana, gutunganya, gutunganya) ibisabwa byujuje ubuziranenge n’imicungire, no kubungabunga ibicuruzwa, kubungabunga, gupakira, gucunga isuku, ibiryo ku rubuga. gutunganya, inguzanyo ku isoko nibindi bikoresho bya serivisi nuburyo bukoreshwa.
19. Impamyabushobozi ya laboratoire n'ibigo by'ubugenzuzi: bivuga imiterere n'ubushobozi laboratoire n'ibigo by'ubugenzuzi bitanga amakuru n'ibisubizo bishobora kwerekana umuryango ugomba kugira.
20. Kwemerera laboratoire n’ibigo by’ubugenzuzi: bivuga ibikorwa byo gusuzuma no kumenyekanisha bikorwa n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gutanga impamyabumenyi no kwemerera hamwe n’ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge na tekiniki ya guverinoma y’abaturage y’intara, uturere twigenga n’amakomine munsi ya Guverinoma yo hagati niba ibintu by'ibanze n'ubushobozi bya laboratoire n'ibigo by'ubugenzuzi byubahiriza amategeko, amabwiriza y'ubuyobozi n'ibisobanuro bya tekiniki cyangwa ibipimo bijyanye.
21. Icyemezo cya Metrologiya: Bivuga gusuzuma isuzumabumenyi rya metrologiya, imikorere yimikorere yibikoresho bipimisha, ibidukikije bikora hamwe nubuhanga bukora bwabakozi, hamwe nubushobozi bwa sisitemu yubuziranenge kugirango hamenyekane agaciro kamwe ko gupima. ibigo bigenzura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa bitanga amakuru meza muri societe nubuyobozi bwigihugu bushinzwe kwemeza hamwe n’ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibanze hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’amategeko abigenga n’ubuyobozi, ndetse n’ubushobozi bwa sisitemu y’ubuziranenge kugira ngo ibizamini biboneye kandi byizewe amakuru.
22. Gusubiramo no kwemeza (kwemerwa): bivuga isuzuma ryubushobozi bwubugenzuzi na sisitemu yubuziranenge yinzego zubugenzuzi zikora umurimo wo kugenzura niba ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge hamwe ninshingano yo kugenzura no kugenzura ibindi bipimo n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kwemeza; n’ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibanze hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’amategeko abigenga.
23. Kugenzura ubushobozi bwa laboratoire: Bivuga kugena ubushobozi bwo gupima laboratoire ugereranije na laboratoire.
24. Amasezerano yo kumenyekanisha ubwumvikane (MRA): bivuga amasezerano yo kumenyekanisha yashyizweho umukono na guverinoma zombi cyangwa ibigo bishinzwe isuzuma ry’ibisubizo ku bisubizo byihariye byo gusuzuma no kwemeza ibisubizo by’isuzumamikorere ry’ibigo by’isuzumabumenyi bihuye neza n’amasezerano.
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Amagambo ajyanye no kwemeza ibicuruzwa no gutunganya
1. imiterere n'umutungo, ariko ntibifite ubuzimagatozi, nkibigo byigenga byonyine, ibigo byubufatanye, imishinga ihuriweho n’ubufatanye, imishinga y’amakoperative y’Abashinwa n’amahanga, imishinga ikora n’inganda zatewe inkunga n’amahanga zidafite ubuzimagatozi, Amashami yashizweho kandi abiherewe uburenganzira n’abanyamategeko. n'ubucuruzi ku giti cye. Icyitonderwa: Usaba kuba uruhushya nyuma yo kubona icyemezo.
. ibisabwa, kandi ufate inshingano zuzuye muri izo ngingo.
3. Inganda (ahakorerwa ibicuruzwa) / uruganda rukora inganda: ahakorerwa inteko ya nyuma na / cyangwa ikizamini cyibicuruzwa byemejwe, kandi ibimenyetso byemeza hamwe n’ibigo byemeza ibyemezo bikoreshwa mugushira mubikorwa serivisi zibakurikirana. Icyitonderwa: Muri rusange, uwabikoze agomba kuba ahantu hateranira bwa nyuma, kugenzura bisanzwe, kugenzura ibyemezo (niba bihari), gupakira, no gushyiramo icyapa cyapa nibimenyetso byemeza. Iyo inzira zavuzwe haruguru zidashobora kurangizwa ahantu hamwe, ahantu hasa neza harimo byibuze bisanzwe, kugenzura ibyemezo (niba bihari), icyapa cyerekana ibicuruzwa nibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso bizatoranywa kugirango bigenzurwe, kandi uburenganzira bwo gukomeza kugenzurwa ahandi hantu kubikwa.
4. Uruganda rwa OEM (Umwimerere wibikoresho byumwimerere): uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa byemewe ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera, kugenzura ibikorwa no kugenzura ibisabwa bitangwa nabakiriya. Icyitonderwa: Umukiriya arashobora kuba usaba cyangwa uwabikoze. Uruganda rwa OEM rutanga ibicuruzwa byemewe munsi yibikoresho byuruganda rwa OEM ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera, kugenzura ibikorwa no kugenzura bitangwa nabakiriya. Ibirango byabasabye / ababikora batandukanye barashobora gukoreshwa. Abakiriya batandukanye na OEM bagomba kugenzurwa ukundi. Ibigize sisitemu ntibishobora kugenzurwa inshuro nyinshi, ariko kugenzura ibikorwa byumusaruro no kugenzura ibicuruzwa nibigenzurwa nibicuruzwa ntibishobora gusonerwa.
5. Uruganda rwa ODM (Original Design Manufacturer) uruganda: uruganda rutunganya, rutunganya kandi rukabyara ibicuruzwa bimwe kubakora uruganda rumwe cyangwa benshi ukoresheje ibisabwa byubushobozi bwubwishingizi bumwe, igishushanyo mbonera kimwe, kugenzura ibicuruzwa no kugenzura ibisabwa.
6. Icyemezo cya mbere cya ODM ufite icyemezo: ishyirahamwe rifite ibicuruzwa bya ODM icyemezo cyambere cyibicuruzwa. 1.7 Ishirahamwe utanga isoko ritanga ibice, ibice nibikoresho fatizo kugirango uruganda rukore ibicuruzwa byemewe. Icyitonderwa: Mugihe usaba ibyemezo, niba utanga isoko ari umucuruzi / ugurisha, uwakoze cyangwa uwakoze ibice, ibice nibikoresho fatizo nabyo bigomba gutomorwa.
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Amagambo ajyanye no kwemeza ibicuruzwa no gutunganya
1. Porogaramu nshya: ibyangombwa byose byemeza usibye guhindura gusaba no gusuzuma gusaba ni porogaramu nshya.
2. Gusaba kwagura: usaba, uwabikoze nuwabikoze yamaze kubona icyemezo cyibicuruzwa, hamwe no gusaba kwemeza ibicuruzwa bishya byubwoko bumwe. Icyitonderwa: Ibicuruzwa bisa bivuga ibicuruzwa biri murwego rwo gusobanura kode imwe.
3. Gusaba kwagura: usaba, uwabikoze nuwabikoze yamaze kubona icyemezo cyibicuruzwa, hamwe no gusaba kwemeza ibicuruzwa bishya byubwoko butandukanye. Icyitonderwa: Ubwoko butandukanye bwibicuruzwa bivuga ibicuruzwa murwego rwimikorere itandukanye yinganda.
4. Porogaramu ya ODM: gusaba muburyo bwa ODM. Uburyo bwa ODM, ni ukuvuga, abakora ODM bashushanya, batunganya kandi bagatanga ibicuruzwa kubabikora hakurikijwe amasezerano abigenga hamwe nizindi nyandiko.
5. Hindura porogaramu: porogaramu yakozwe na nyirayo kugirango uhindure amakuru yicyemezo, ishyirahamwe kandi birashoboka ko bihindura ibicuruzwa.
6. Gusubiramo ibizamini: mbere yuko icyemezo kirangira, niba nyirubwite akeneye gukomeza gufata icyemezo, azongera gusaba ibicuruzwa hamwe nicyemezo. Icyitonderwa: Gusaba gusubirwamo bigomba gutangwa mbere yuko icyemezo kirangira, kandi icyemezo gishya gitangwa mbere yuko icyemezo kirangira, bitabaye ibyo bizafatwa nkibisabwa bishya.
7. Kugenzura uruganda rudasanzwe: kubera uruzinduko rurerure cyangwa izindi mpamvu, uruganda rusaba kandi rwemejwe ninzego zibishinzwe, ariko ikizamini cyemewe cyibicuruzwa byasabye icyemezo nticyarangiye.
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Amagambo ajyanye no kwipimisha
. Ikizamini cyubwoko bwibicuruzwa nugusuzuma niba ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa byose mubipimo byibicuruzwa. Kugenzura ibicuruzwa muri rusange birimo ikizamini cyubwoko bwibicuruzwa; Mu buryo bugufi, kugenzura ibicuruzwa bivuga ikizamini cyakozwe ukurikije ibipimo bimwe na bimwe byerekana ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibipimo biranga ibicuruzwa. Kugeza ubu, ibizamini bishingiye ku bipimo by’umutekano wibicuruzwa nabyo bisobanurwa nkibizamini byubwoko bwibicuruzwa.
2. Kugenzura inzira / kugenzura inzira: Kugenzura inzira ni igenzura 100% ryibicuruzwa kumurongo wibyakozwe mugihe cyanyuma cyibikorwa. Mubisanzwe, nyuma yubugenzuzi, ntayindi gutunganya isabwa usibye gupakira no kuranga. Icyitonderwa: Igenzura risanzwe rishobora gukorwa nuburyo buhwanye kandi bwihuse bwagenwe nyuma yo kugenzura.
Igenzura ryibikorwa bivuga kugenzura ingingo yambere, ibicuruzwa byarangije igice cyangwa inzira yingenzi mubikorwa byumusaruro, bishobora kugenzurwa 100% cyangwa kugenzura icyitegererezo. Igenzura ryibikorwa rirakoreshwa mubicuruzwa bitunganijwe, kandi ijambo "kugenzura inzira" naryo rikoreshwa mubisanzwe.
3. Kugenzura ibyemeza / kugenzura: kugenzura kwemeza ni ubugenzuzi bw'icyitegererezo kugirango hamenyekane ko ibicuruzwa bikomeje kubahiriza ibisabwa bisanzwe. Ikizamini cyo kwemeza kizakorwa hakurikijwe uburyo bwerekanwe mubisanzwe. Icyitonderwa: Niba uwabikoze adafite ibikoresho byo gupima, igenzura ryemeza rishobora gushingwa laboratoire ibishoboye.
Igenzura ryahoze ari uruganda nubugenzuzi bwa nyuma bwibicuruzwa iyo bavuye muruganda. Igenzura ryo gutanga rirakoreshwa mubicuruzwa bitunganya ibikoresho. Ijambo "kugenzura kugenzura" naryo rikoreshwa muri rusange. Igenzura ryo gutanga rigomba kurangizwa nuruganda.
4. Ikizamini cyagenwe: ikizamini cyakozwe nuwagikoze ahakorerwa ibicuruzwa ukurikije ibintu byatoranijwe numugenzuzi ukurikije ibipimo (cyangwa amategeko yo gutanga ibyemezo) kugirango harebwe niba ibicuruzwa bihuye.
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Amagambo ajyanye no kugenzura uruganda
1. Kugenzura uruganda: kugenzura ubushobozi bwubwishingizi bwuruganda hamwe nibicuruzwa byemewe.
2. Igenzura ryambere ryuruganda: ubugenzuzi bwuruganda rusaba ibyemezo mbere yo kubona icyemezo.
3. gihe kimwe.
4.Ubugenzuzi busanzwe nubugenzuzi: kugenzura no kugenzura nyuma yicyemezo ukurikije ukwezi kugenzura kugenzura amategeko agenga ibyemezo. Mubisanzwe byitwa kugenzura no kugenzura. Ubugenzuzi bushobora gukorwa cyangwa utabanje kubimenyeshwa.
5. kugenzura no gutoranya ibigo byemewe.
6.Ubugenzuzi bwihariye nubugenzuzi: uburyo bwo kugenzura no kugenzura nyuma yo gutanga ibyemezo, aribyo kongera inshuro zo kugenzura no kugenzura no / cyangwa kugenzura uruganda no gutoranya uruganda hakurikijwe amategeko yo gutanga ibyemezo. Icyitonderwa: kugenzura no kugenzura bidasanzwe ntibishobora gusimbuza ubugenzuzi busanzwe.
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Amagambo ajyanye no gusuzuma guhuza
1.Isuzumabumenyi: kugenzura / kugenzura ibicuruzwa byemejwe, gusuzuma ubushobozi bwubwishingizi bwubuziranenge bwuwabikoze no kugenzura ibicuruzwa bihuye ukurikije ibisabwa n'amategeko abigenga.
2. Kugenzura: mbere yicyemezo cyo kwemeza, wemeze byuzuye, ukuri nukuri guhuza amakuru yatanzwe kubisaba ibyemezo byibicuruzwa, ibikorwa byo gusuzuma no guhagarika, guhagarika, guhagarika no kugarura icyemezo cyicyemezo.
3.
4. Isuzuma ryibanze: igice cyicyemezo cyo gutanga ibyemezo ni ukwemeza kuzuza, guhuza no gukora neza amakuru yatanzwe mugice cyanyuma cyibikorwa byo gusuzuma ibicuruzwa.
5. Kongera gusuzuma: ibigize icyemezo cyo gutanga ibyemezo ni ukumenya agaciro k'ibikorwa byo gutanga ibyemezo no gufata icyemezo cya nyuma cyo kumenya niba ugomba kubona icyemezo ndetse no kwemeza, kubungabunga, guhagarika, guhagarika, gukuraho no kugarura icyemezo
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-17-2023