Muri Mutarama 2022, amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu bukungu mu karere (RCEP) yatangiye gukurikizwa, akubiyemo ibihugu 10 bya ASEAN, Ubushinwa, Ubuyapani, Koreya yepfo, Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande. Ibihugu 15 bigize uyu muryango bifite hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’abatuye isi, kandi ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byose hamwe bigera kuri 30% by’isi yose. Mu 2021, Ubushinwa bwohereje miliyari 562.31 z'amafaranga y'imyenda n'imyenda mu bihugu bigize RCEP, bingana na 27.6% by'agaciro k'Ubushinwa bwohereza mu mahanga imyenda n'imyenda. Nk’uko igihugu kimwe kibitangaza, mu masoko icumi ya mbere yohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga by’imyenda n’imyambaro y’Ubushinwa, ibihugu bigize RCEP bingana na bitanu, aribyo Ubuyapani, Vietnam, Koreya yepfo, Ositaraliya na Maleziya, byoherezwa mu mahanga miliyari 129.51, miliyari 113.78, miliyari 65.02 Yuan, miliyari 44.07 Yuan na miliyari 41,93, zingana na 6.4%, 5.6%, 3.2%, 2.2% na 2.1% by’agaciro kwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze mu Bushinwa imyenda n’imyenda.
Igishushanyo mbonera cy’imyenda n’imyenda yo mu Bushinwa byohereza mu bihugu bigize RCEP mu 2021
Mu rwego rwo kurushaho gushyira mu bikorwa ibisabwa byo “kwita cyane no kwiga ingamba z’ubucuruzi bwa tekiniki z’ibihugu bigize RCEP” mu bitekerezo biyobora Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’izindi nzego esheshatu ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryiza ry’amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu bukungu mu karere; .
Ubuyapani
01 ubuyobozi bugenzura
Ibigo by’Ubuyapani bigenzura imyenda n’imyenda birimo Minisiteri y’ubuzima, umurimo n’imibereho myiza (MHLW), Minisiteri y’ubukungu, inganda (METI), ikigo gishinzwe abaguzi (CAA) hamwe na gasutamo y’Ubuyapani hamwe n’ibiro bishinzwe imisoro. 02 amabwiriza ya tekiniki n'ibipimo
Ibisabwa muri rusange kubirango byiza byimyenda n imyenda byerekanwe mubicuruzwa byo murugo itegeko ryirango ryiza ① namabwiriza agenga ibirango byiza byimyenda ②. Ushaka ibisobanuro birambuye, reba JIS L 0001: 2014 kwerekana ibirango byo gukaraba no gufata neza imyenda ③. Itegeko ryerekeye kugenzura ibintu bishobora guteza akaga ibintu byo mu rugo regulations n’amabwiriza abishyira mu bikorwa ⑤ bigenga ibintu byangiza imyenda n’imyenda, kandi bikerekana amazina, ibicuruzwa byakoreshwa nuburyo bwo gupima ibintu bishobora guteza akaga. Urucacagu rwibipimo ngenderwaho kubintu byangiza ibintu byo murugo ⑥ byuzuza ibisabwa. Itegeko ry’ubuyobozi ryerekeye kuvugurura igice cy’itegeko ryubahirizwa ryerekeye gusuzuma no gukora ibintu by’imiti ⑦ riteganya ko gutumiza mu mahanga imyenda n’imyenda irimo aside ya perfluorooctanoic (PFOA) n’umunyu wacyo bibujijwe. Ingingo ya 8-3 y'itegeko ririnda umuriro ⑧ iteganya imikorere yo gutwika n'ibirango bisabwa imyenda n'imyenda. Reba ibikoresho bijyanye Association by'Ubuyapani Kurinda umuriro kugirango ubone ibisobanuro. Amategeko agenga ibicuruzwa ⑩ ateganya ko uwabikoze agomba kuryozwa urupfu, ibikomere cyangwa ibyangiritse byatewe nubusembwa bwibicuruzwa (nk'urushinge rwacitse). Byongeye kandi, imyenda n’imyenda ikoresheje ubwoya cyangwa uruhu nabyo bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa n’amasezerano y'i Washington, igikorwa cyo guhiga kurengera inyamaswa, itegeko rigenga indwara zanduza amatungo, hamwe n’igikorwa cyo kurinda amoko y’inyamanswa.
03 uburyo bwo gusuzuma guhuza
1. Nyuma y’imyenda n’imyambaro yatumijwe mu mahanga igeragezwa n’ikigo cyabigenewe kugira ngo ihuze n’inganda z’Ubuyapani JIS, ikimenyetso cya JIS gishobora gushyirwa ku bicuruzwa, byerekana ko babonye icyemezo cya JIS cy’ishyirahamwe ry’iperereza ry’inganda mu Buyapani. Ibimenyetso bikurikira bikoreshwa uhereye ibumoso ugana iburyo kugirango werekane ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bwa JIS; Ibimenyetso bihuye no gutunganya ibipimo bya tekiniki; Ikimenyetso cyujuje amahame ya JIS agaragaza ibintu bimwe byihariye nkibikorwa, umutekano, nibindi.
. ). . 3. Minisiteri y’ubukungu, ubucuruzi n’inganda y’Ubuyapani ikora igenzura ry’isoko binyuze mu igenzura ryakozwe ku rubuga no gutanga raporo ku mugaragaro, ikanamenyesha uwabikoze cyangwa utanga isoko gukosora imyenda n’imyenda itujuje ibyangombwa cyangwa itashyizweho ikimenyetso hakurikijwe amabwiriza yavuzwe haruguru. Niba umukoresha w’uruganda adashoboye gukosora mu gihe gikwiye, umuyobozi w’uruganda azahanishwa igifungo cy’igihe kitarenze umwaka n’ihazabu y’amafaranga atarenga miliyoni 1 yen hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’amategeko agenga inganda z’Ubuyapani.
04 inama zishyushye
Ibigo byohereza imyenda n’imyambaro bigomba kwitondera kugenzura ibintu byangiza ibicuruzwa byo mu rugo mu Buyapani, cyane cyane ibintu bitavuzwe mu bipimo ngenderwaho by’imyenda n’imyambaro y’Ubushinwa, urugero nko kwirinda ibirimi by'umuriro, udukoko twica udukoko, fungiside hamwe n’ibikoresho byangiza, perfluorooctanoic aside (PFOA) n'umunyu wacyo. Ubuyapani busaba ko forme ya fordehide yibicuruzwa byabana bari munsi y’amezi 24 y’amavuko igomba kuba munsi ya 16mg / kg, ibyo bikaba bikomeye kuruta ibivugwa muri GB 18401 (20mg / kg) mu Bushinwa. Hagomba kandi kwitonderwa. Byongeye kandi, Ubuyapani bufite ibisabwa bikomeye ku nshinge zacitse, kandi imyenda yatumijwe mu mahanga igomba gutsinda igenzura ry’inshinge zacitse. Birasabwa ko inganda zikoresha imashini zipima inshinge kugirango zongere igenzura.
Vietnam
01 ubuyobozi bugenzura
Ibipimo by’umutekano w’imyenda n’imyambaro ya Vietnam byashyizweho n’ubuyobozi bukuru bw’ibipimo, metrologiya n’ubuziranenge (stameq) munsi ya Minisiteri y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, ishinzwe ubuziranenge, metrologiya, umusaruro no gucunga neza. Minisiteri y’inganda n’ubucuruzi ishinzwe kugenzura umutekano w’imyenda n’imyenda. Ishami ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga riyobowe na Minisiteri rishinzwe gusuzuma no gusuzuma amadosiye yanditswe mu bucuruzi bw'ibyemezo, isuzuma n'ibizamini, kandi ishami rishinzwe imicungire y’isoko muri Minisiteri rishinzwe gutegura no kuyobora amashami y’imicungire y’isoko mu ntara n’amakomine mu buryo butaziguye; munsi ya guverinoma yo hagati kugenzura, kugenzura no guhangana n’ihohoterwa ry’ibicuruzwa n’ibicuruzwa. Imyenda n'imyenda bitumizwa mu mahanga bigomba kurekurwa na gasutamo.
02 amabwiriza ya tekiniki n'ibipimo
Amategeko ya tekinike y’imyenda n’imyambaro ya Vietnam ni qcvn: 01/2017 / BCT amabwiriza y’ubuhanga mu rwego rw’igihugu ku bikubiye muri formaldehyde n’amabara ya azo ashobora kubora amine aromatiya mu myenda (amabwiriza yatanzwe 21/2017 / tt-bct ⑪ hamwe n’ivugururwa ryakurikiyeho 07/2018 / tt-bct ⑫ na 20/2018 / tt-bct ⑬). Amabwiriza agenga ibicuruzwa ⑭ yerekana ibimenyetso bisabwa kubicuruzwa bigurishwa muri Vietnam. Ibirango bigomba kwandikwa muri Vietnam, harimo fibre fibre, ibisobanuro bya tekiniki, amakuru yo kuburira, gukoresha no kubika amabwiriza, umwaka wibikorwa, nibindi.
03 uburyo bwo gusuzuma guhuza
. Dukurikije Itangazo No 28/2012 / tt-bkhcn ⑮ hamwe n’itangazo No 02/2017 / tt-bkhcn ⑯ rya Minisiteri y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, hagomba gucapwa ikimenyetso cyo guhuza (CR ikimenyetso). 2. Gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa muri gasutamo muri Vietnam bisaba inyandiko zitandukanye zerekanwe muri 38/2015 / tt-btc ⑰, 39/2018 / tt-btc ⑱, 60/2019 / tt-btc ⑲ na 06/2021 / tt-btc ⑳ itariki Ku ya 22 Mutarama 2021, Byongeye kandi, kubera ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’itegeko rishya rya gasutamo, hagomba gukorwa amahame ya gasutamo ya elegitoroniki.
04 inama zishyushye
Ibibujijwe ku bintu byangiza imyenda n’imyenda muri Vietnam biroroha kuruta ibyo mu Bushinwa. Kurugero, ibisabwa kuri formaldehyde mu ngingo zimpinja n’abana bato bari munsi y’amezi 36 ntibirenza 30mg / kg (20mg / kg mu Bushinwa), naho ibintu 22 azo ntibirenza 30mg / kg (ibintu 24 azo ntabwo ari byinshi kurenza 20mg / kg mu Bushinwa). Kwohereza ibicuruzwa muri Vietnam bizibanda ku bisabwa na qcvn: 01/2017 / BCT amabwiriza y’ubuhanga mu rwego rw’igihugu ku bijyanye n’ibirimo amarangi ya fordehide na azo ashobora kubora amine aromatiya mu myenda, nk'ikimenyetso cyo guhuza no gutangaza ko bihuye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-22-2022