Abantu benshi batekereza ko ibyuma bitagira umwanda ari ibikoresho byuma bitazabora kandi ni aside na alkali irwanya. Ariko mubuzima bwa buri munsi, abantu basanga inkono zicyuma zitagira ingese hamwe namashanyarazi yakoreshejwe muguteka akenshi bifite ibibara cyangwa ingese. Ni ibiki vy'ukuri biriko biraba?
Reka tubanze dusobanukirwe, ibyuma bidafite ingese ni iki?
Dukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu GB / T20878-2007 "Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga hamwe n’ubushyuhe bwo kurwanya ibyuma hamwe n’ibigize imiti", ibisobanuro by’ibyuma bitagira umwanda ni: ibyuma bitagira umwanda hamwe no kurwanya ruswa nkibintu nyamukuru biranga, hamwe na chromium byibuze 10.5% na karubone itarenze 1,2%. ibyuma. Ubwoko burwanya imiti yangiza imiti (aside, alkali, umunyu, nibindi) byitwa ibyuma birwanya aside.
None se kuki ibyuma bidafite ingese birwanya ruswa?
Kuberako ibyuma bitagira umwanda, nyuma yo gushingwa, bizaterwa no gutoroka byuzuye kugirango bikureho amavuta yubwoko bwose, ingese nandi mwanda hejuru. Ubuso buzahinduka ifeza imwe, ikora firime imwe kandi yuzuye ya passivation, bityo bigabanye kurwanya ibyuma bitagira umwanda kubitangazamakuru bya okiside. Igipimo cyo kwangirika giciriritse no kunoza ruswa.
Noneho hamwe na firime ya passivation kumyuma idafite ingese, byanze bikunze ntabwo izabora?
Mubyukuri, mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi, ioni ya chloride mumunyu igira ingaruka mbi kuri firime ya pasiporo yicyuma idafite ingese, ishobora gutera imvura yibintu.
Kugeza ubu, mubyukuri, hari ubwoko bubiri bwangiritse kuri firime ya passivation yatewe na ion ya chlorine:
1. Icyiciro cya firime yicyiciro: Chloride ion ifite radiyo ntoya nubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwinjira. Birashobora kwinjira byoroshye icyuho gito cyane muri firime ya oxyde, ikagera hejuru yicyuma, kandi igahuza nicyuma kugirango ikore ibibyimba byoroshye, bihindura imiterere ya firime ya oxyde.
2. Igitekerezo cya Adsorption: Iion ya Chloride ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwamamazwa nicyuma. Birashobora kwamamazwa nicyuma kandi bikirukana ogisijeni hejuru yicyuma. Ion ya Chloride na ogisijeni ion irushanwa kumwanya wa adsorption hejuru yicyuma hanyuma ikora chloride hamwe nicyuma; Kwiyongera kwa chloride nicyuma ntibihinduka, bikora ibintu bishonga, biganisha kwangirika vuba.
Kugenzura ibyuma bidafite ingese:
Kugenzura ibyuma bitagabanijwe bigabanijwemo ibizamini bitandatu nibikorwa bibiri byo gusesengura
Kwipimisha Imikorere:
Imiterere yumubiri, imiterere yimiti, imiterere yubukanishi, gutunganya, kugenzura ibyuma no kugenzura bidasenya
Umushinga wo gusesengura:
Isesengura ryavunitse, isesengura rya ruswa, nibindi.;
Usibye ibipimo byakoreshejwe mu gutandukanya GB / T20878-2007 "Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga hamwe n’ubushyuhe bwo kurwanya ibyuma hamwe n’ibikoresho bya shimi", hari na:
GB / T 13305
GB / T 13671
GB / T 19228.1, GB / T 19228.2, GB / T 19228.3
GB / T 20878 Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga hamwe nicyuma cyihanganira ubushyuhe hamwe nibigize imiti
Igipimo cyigihugu cyo kugenzura ibyokurya byo mu rwego rwo kugenzura ibyuma ni GB9684-2011 (ibicuruzwa bitagira umwanda). Igenzura ryibyokurya byo mu rwego rwibiryo bitagabanijwemo ibice bibiri: ibikoresho byingenzi nibikoresho bitari ngombwa.
Uburyo bwo gukora:
1. Kumenyekanisha: Kugerageza ibyuma bidafite umwanda bisaba gushira impera yibikoresho byo kwipimisha hamwe n irangi ryamabara atandukanye.
2.
3. Tagi: Igenzura rimaze kurangira, ibikoresho bizashyirwa mubipfunyika, agasanduku, na shitingi kugirango bigaragaze urwego rwabyo, ingano, uburemere, umubare usanzwe, utanga, nibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-27-2023