Incamake yimpamyabumenyi zikoreshwa cyane mubucuruzi bwo hanze

Icyemezo cy'i Burayi

EU
1. CE
CE isobanura ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi (CONFORMITE EUROPEENNE), kikaba ari ikimenyetso cyemeza umutekano gifatwa nka pasiporo ku bakora inganda zo gufungura no kwinjira ku isoko ry’Uburayi. Ibicuruzwa bifite ikimenyetso cya CE birashobora kugurishwa mubihugu bitandukanye bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, bikagera ku bicuruzwa ku buntu mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.
Ibicuruzwa bisaba CE kuranga kugurisha ku isoko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi birimo ibi bikurikira:
· Ibicuruzwa byamashanyarazi, ibikoresho byubukanishi, ibikinisho, ibikoresho bya terefone n’itumanaho, ibikoresho byo gukonjesha no gukonjesha, ibikoresho byo gukingira umuntu ku giti cye, imiyoboro yoroshye y’umuvuduko, amashyuza y’amazi ashyushye, ibikoresho by’ingutu, ubwato bwo kwinezeza, ibicuruzwa byubaka, mu bikoresho by’ubuvuzi bwa vitro bisuzumwa, ubuvuzi bwatewe ibikoresho, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi yubuvuzi, ibikoresho byo guterura, ibikoresho bya gaze, ibikoresho bidapima byikora
2. RoHS
RoHS ni impfunyapfunyo yo Kubuza ikoreshwa ry'ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora guteza akaga ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi na elegitoroniki, bizwi kandi nk'ubuyobozi bwa 2002/95 / EC.
RoHS yibasira ibicuruzwa byose byamashanyarazi na elegitoronike bishobora kuba birimo ibintu bitandatu byangiza byavuzwe haruguru mubikoresho byabo fatizo nibikorwa byumusaruro, cyane cyane harimo:
· Ibikoresho byera (nka firigo, imashini imesa, microwave, konderasi, icyuma cyangiza, icyuma gishyushya amazi, nibindi) ibicuruzwa, nibindi) · Ibikoresho byamashanyarazi · Ibikinisho byamashanyarazi nibikoresho byubuvuzi, nibindi
3. KUGERAHO
Amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi yerekeye kwiyandikisha, gusuzuma, kwemerera no kugabanya imiti, mu magambo ahinnye y’Amabwiriza yo kwiyandikisha, gusuzuma, kwemerera no kugabanya imiti, ni uburyo bwo kugenzura imiti yashyizweho n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kandi bugashyirwa mu bikorwa ku ya 1 Kamena 2007.
Ubu buryo bukubiyemo ibyifuzo bigenga umutekano w’umusaruro w’imiti, ubucuruzi, n’imikoreshereze, bigamije kurengera ubuzima bw’abantu n’umutekano w’ibidukikije, kubungabunga no kuzamura ubushobozi bw’inganda z’inganda z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, no guteza imbere ubushobozi bushya bw’ibintu bidafite uburozi kandi bitagira ingaruka.
Amabwiriza ya REACH arasaba ko imiti yatumijwe mu mahanga kandi ikorerwa mu Burayi igomba kunyura mu nzira yuzuye yo kwiyandikisha, gusuzuma, gutanga uburenganzira, no kubuza kumenya neza imiterere y’imiti no kubungabunga ibidukikije n’umutekano w’abantu. Aya mabwiriza akubiyemo ahanini ibintu byinshi byingenzi nko kwiyandikisha, gusuzuma, gutanga uburenganzira, no kubuza. Igicuruzwa icyo ari cyo cyose kigomba kugira dosiye yiyandikisha yerekana imiterere yimiti ikanasobanura uburyo uwabikoze akoresha ibyo bikoresho byimiti, hamwe na raporo yo gusuzuma uburozi.

Ubwongereza
BSI
BSI ni Ikigo cy’Ubwongereza gishinzwe ubuziranenge, kikaba aricyo kigo cyambere cyambere ku isi. Ntabwo igenzurwa na guverinoma ahubwo yahawe inkunga na guverinoma. BSI itegura kandi ikavugurura ibipimo byabongereza kandi igateza imbere ishyirwa mubikorwa ryayo.

Ubufaransa
NF
NF nizina ryimyandikire yubufaransa, yashyizwe mubikorwa 1938 kandi icungwa nikigo cyubufaransa gishinzwe ubuziranenge (AFNOR).
Icyemezo cya NF ntabwo ari itegeko, ariko muri rusange, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mubufaransa bisaba icyemezo cya NF. Icyemezo cya NF cy'Abafaransa gihuye n'icyemezo cya EU CE, kandi icyemezo cya NF kirenze ibipimo bya EU mu bice byinshi by'umwuga. Kubwibyo, ibicuruzwa bibona ibyemezo bya NF birashobora kubona ibyemezo bya CE bitabaye ngombwa ko hagenzurwa ibicuruzwa, kandi birakenewe inzira zoroshye. Abaguzi benshi b'Abafaransa bafite icyizere gikomeye mu cyemezo cya NF. Icyemezo cya NF gikoreshwa cyane cyane muburyo butatu bwibicuruzwa: ibikoresho byo murugo, ibikoresho, nibikoresho byubaka.

Ubudage
1. DIN
DIN isobanura Deutsche Institute fur Normung. DIN n’ubuyobozi bushinzwe ubuziranenge mu Budage, bukora nk'ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubuziranenge kandi kigira uruhare mu mashyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ategamiye kuri Leta.
DIN yinjiye mu Muryango Mpuzamahanga ushinzwe Ubuziranenge mu 1951. Komisiyo ishinzwe amashanyarazi mu Budage (DKE), igizwe na DIN hamwe n’ikigo cy’Abadage gishinzwe amashanyarazi (VDE), ihagarariye Ubudage muri komisiyo mpuzamahanga y’ikoranabuhanga. DIN kandi ni komisiyo yu Burayi ishinzwe ubuziranenge hamwe n’ibipimo by’amashanyarazi by’i Burayi.
GS
Ikimenyetso cya GS (Geprufte Sicherheit) ni ikimenyetso cyemeza umutekano cyatanzwe na T Ü V, VDE n'indi miryango yemerewe na Minisiteri ishinzwe umurimo mu Budage. Biremewe cyane nabakiriya b’i Burayi nkikimenyetso cyumutekano. Mubisanzwe, ibicuruzwa byemewe bya GS bifite igiciro kinini cyo kugurisha kandi birakunzwe cyane.
Icyemezo cya GS gifite ibisabwa cyane kuri sisitemu yo kwemeza ubuziranenge bwinganda, kandi inganda zigomba gukorerwa igenzura nubugenzuzi bwumwaka:
Saba inganda gushiraho uburyo bwazo bwubwishingizi bufite ireme ukurikije sisitemu ya ISO9000 mugihe cyoherejwe byinshi. Uruganda rugomba nibura kugira sisitemu yo kugenzura ubuziranenge, inyandiko zujuje ubuziranenge, hamwe n’ubushobozi buhagije bwo gukora no kugenzura.
Mbere yo gutanga icyemezo cya GS, hagomba gukorwa isubiramo ryuruganda rushya kugirango rwemeze ko rwujuje ibisabwa mbere yo gutanga icyemezo cya GS; Nyuma yo gutanga icyemezo, uruganda rugomba gusubirwamo byibuze rimwe mumwaka. Nubwo ibicuruzwa bingana gute uruganda rusaba ibimenyetso bya TUV, kugenzura uruganda bigomba gukorwa rimwe gusa.
Ibicuruzwa bisaba icyemezo cya GS birimo:
· Ibikoresho byo mu rugo, nka firigo, imashini imesa, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, nibindi · Imashini zo mu rugo · Ibikoresho bya siporo · Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byo mu rugo, nkibikoresho byerekana amajwi · Ibikoresho byo mu biro by’amashanyarazi na elegitoronike, nka kopi, imashini za fax, shitingi, mudasobwa, icapiro, nibindi · Imashini zinganda nibikoresho byo gupima ubushakashatsi · Ibindi bicuruzwa bijyanye n'umutekano, nk'amagare, ingofero, ingazi, ibikoresho, n'ibindi.
3. VDE
Ikigo cya VDE cyo Gupima no Kwemeza ni imwe mu mashyirahamwe afite uburambe, gupima, no kugenzura i Burayi.
Numuryango uzwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga mugupima umutekano no kwemeza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nibigize, VDE ifite izina ryiza muburayi ndetse no mumahanga. Ibicuruzwa byasuzumwe birimo ibikoresho byo murugo nubucuruzi, ibikoresho bya IT, ibikoresho byikoranabuhanga mu nganda n’ubuvuzi, ibikoresho byo guteranya hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoronike, insinga ninsinga, nibindi.
4. T Ü V.
Ikimenyetso cya T Ü V, kizwi kandi nka Technischer ü berwach ü ngs Verein mu kidage, ni ikimenyetso cyemeza umutekano cyagenewe ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki mu Budage. Mu Cyongereza, bisobanura "Ishyirahamwe rya Tekinike Kugenzura". Biremewe cyane mu Budage no mu Burayi. Mugihe usaba ikirango cya T Ü V, ibigo birashobora gusaba ibyemezo bya CB hamwe kandi bigahabwa ibyemezo mubindi bihugu binyuze mubihinduka.
Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa bimaze kwemezwa, T Ü V mubudage izashakisha abatanga ibikoresho byujuje ibyangombwa kandi basabe ibyo bicuruzwa kubakora ibicuruzwa bikosora. Mugihe cyose cyo kwemeza imashini, ibice byose byabonye ikimenyetso cya T Ü V bisonewe ubugenzuzi.

Impamyabumenyi yo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru

Amerika
1. UL
UL isobanura Underwriter Laboratories Inc., akaba ariryo shyirahamwe ryemewe muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika kandi nimwe mubigo byigenga binini kwisi bikora ibizamini byumutekano no gusuzuma.
Ifata uburyo bwo gupima siyanse yo kwiga no kumenya niba ibikoresho, ibikoresho, ibicuruzwa, ibikoresho, inyubako, nibindi bibangamira ubuzima n’umutungo, n’urwego rw’ibyangiritse; Kugena, kwandika, no gukwirakwiza ibipimo nibikoresho bifasha kugabanya no gukumira igihombo cyubuzima nubutunzi, mugihe ukora ibikorwa byubushakashatsi bifatika.
Muri make, ikora cyane cyane mubyemezo byumutekano wibicuruzwa no kwemeza umutekano wubucuruzi, ifite intego nyamukuru yo kubona ibicuruzwa bifite umutekano muke ku isoko, no gutanga umusanzu mukurinda ubuzima bwumuntu numutekano wumutungo.
Nuburyo bwiza bwo gukuraho inzitizi tekinike mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, UL igira uruhare runini mugutezimbere iterambere ryubucuruzi mpuzamahanga binyuze mubyemezo byumutekano wibicuruzwa.
2. FDA
Ubuyobozi bushinzwe ibiryo n'ibiyobyabwenge muri Amerika, mu magambo ahinnye nka FDA. FDA ni imwe mu nzego nyobozi zashyizweho na guverinoma y'Amerika mu ishami ry'ubuzima na serivisi zita ku bantu ndetse n'ishami ry'ubuzima rusange. Inshingano za FDA ni ukurinda umutekano w’ibiribwa, amavuta yo kwisiga, ibiyobyabwenge, ibinyabuzima, ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi, n’ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku mirasire yakozwe cyangwa bitumizwa muri Amerika.
Ukurikije amabwiriza, FDA izaha nimero yihariye yo kwiyandikisha kuri buri wese usaba kwiyandikisha. Inzego z’amahanga zohereza ibicuruzwa muri Amerika zigomba kumenyesha Ubuyobozi bw’ibiribwa n’ibiyobyabwenge muri Amerika amasaha 24 mbere yo kugera ku cyambu cy’Amerika, bitabaye ibyo bikemererwa kwinjira kandi bigafungirwa ku cyambu cyinjira.
3. ETLETL ni impfunyapfunyo ya Laboratoire Yipima Amashanyarazi muri Amerika.
Ibicuruzwa byose byamashanyarazi, ubukanishi cyangwa amashanyarazi bifite ikimenyetso cyigenzura rya ETL byerekana ko byapimwe kandi byujuje ubuziranenge bwinganda. Buri nganda zifite ibipimo bitandukanye byo kugerageza, ni ngombwa rero kugisha inama abanyamwuga kubicuruzwa byihariye bisabwa. Ikimenyetso cya ETL gikoreshwa cyane mubicuruzwa byinsinga, byerekana ko yatsinze ibizamini bijyanye.
4. FCC
Komisiyo ishinzwe itumanaho ihuza ibikorwa by’itumanaho mu gihugu no mu mahanga igenzura radiyo, televiziyo, itumanaho, satelite, n’insinga. Uruhare rwibihugu birenga 50 muri Amerika, Kolombiya, nintara zacyo. Ibicuruzwa byinshi bidafite umugozi, ibicuruzwa byitumanaho, nibicuruzwa bya digitale bisaba kwemererwa na FCC kwinjira mumasoko yo muri Amerika.
Icyemezo cya FCC, kizwi kandi ku izina rya Federal Communication Certificate muri Amerika. Harimo mudasobwa, imashini za fax, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, ibikoresho byo kwakira no kohereza bidasubirwaho, ibikinisho bigenzura kure, terefone, mudasobwa bwite, nibindi bicuruzwa bishobora guhungabanya umutekano bwite.
Niba ibicuruzwa byoherejwe muri Amerika, bigomba kugeragezwa no kwemezwa na laboratoire ya leta yemerewe hakurikijwe ibipimo bya tekiniki bya FCC. Abatumiza mu mahanga n'abakozi ba gasutamo basabwa gutangaza ko buri gikoresho cya radiyo cyujuje ubuziranenge bwa FCC, ni impushya za FCC.
5. TSCA
Itegeko ryo kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge, mu magambo ahinnye yiswe TSCA, ryashyizweho na Kongere y’Amerika mu 1976 ritangira gukurikizwa mu 1977. Ryashyizwe mu bikorwa n’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA). Uyu mushinga w'itegeko ugamije gusuzuma byimazeyo ingaruka z’ibidukikije, ubukungu, n’imibereho by’imiti ikwirakwizwa muri Amerika, no gukumira "ingaruka zidafite ishingiro" ku buzima bw’abantu n’ibidukikije. Nyuma yo gusubiramo byinshi, TSCA yabaye amabwiriza yingenzi yo gucunga neza ibintu byimiti muri Amerika. Ku mishinga ibicuruzwa byoherejwe muri Amerika biri mu cyiciro cy’amabwiriza ya TSCA, kubahiriza TSCA ni ikintu gisabwa kugira ngo ubucuruzi busanzwe.

Kanada

BSI
BSI ni Ikigo cy’Ubwongereza gishinzwe ubuziranenge, kikaba aricyo kigo cyambere cyambere ku isi. Ntabwo igenzurwa na guverinoma ahubwo yahawe inkunga na guverinoma. BSI itegura kandi ikavugurura ibipimo byabongereza kandi igateza imbere ishyirwa mubikorwa ryayo.

CSA
CSA ni impfunyapfunyo y’ishyirahamwe ry’ubuziranenge bwa Kanada, ryashinzwe mu 1919 nk’umuryango wa mbere udaharanira inyungu wa Kanada ugamije guteza imbere inganda.
Ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki n’amashanyarazi bigurishwa ku isoko ry’Amerika y'Amajyaruguru bisaba icyemezo mu bijyanye n’umutekano. Kugeza ubu, CSA n’urwego runini rwemeza umutekano muri Kanada kandi ni rumwe mu nzego zizwi cyane zemeza umutekano ku isi. Irashobora gutanga ibyemezo byumutekano byubwoko bwose bwibicuruzwa, birimo imashini, ibikoresho byubwubatsi, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya mudasobwa, ibikoresho byo mu biro, kurengera ibidukikije, umutekano w’umuriro w’ubuvuzi, siporo n’imyidagaduro. CSA yatanze serivisi zemeza ibihumbi n’ibicuruzwa ku isi hose, hamwe na miliyoni amagana y’ibicuruzwa bifite ikirango cya CSA bigurishwa buri mwaka ku isoko ry’Amerika y'Amajyaruguru.

Impamyabumenyi ya Aziya
Ubushinwa

1. CCC
Dukurikije ubushake bw’Ubushinwa bwo kwinjira muri WTO n’ihame ryo kwerekana ubuvuzi bw’igihugu, Leta ikoresha ikirango kimwe mu kwemeza ibicuruzwa byemewe. Ikimenyetso gishya cy’icyemezo cy’igihugu gitegekwa kwitwa "Ubushinwa buteganijwe ku gahato", gifite izina ry'icyongereza "Ubushinwa buteganijwe ku gahato" hamwe n'incamake y'icyongereza "CCC".
Ubushinwa bukoresha icyemezo cyibicuruzwa byemewe kubicuruzwa 149 mubyiciro 22 byingenzi. Nyuma yo gushyira mu bikorwa ikimenyetso cyemewe cy’Ubushinwa, kizagenda gisimbuza buhoro buhoro ikimenyetso cyambere "Urukuta runini" na "CCIB".
2. CB
CB ni urwego rwigihugu rwemeza kandi rutangwa nimpamyabumenyi ya CB na komite nyobozi (Mc) yumuryango mpuzamahanga wa komisiyo ishinzwe amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi ishinzwe umutekano w’ibicuruzwa by’amashanyarazi (iEcEE) muri Kamena 1991. Ibigo 9 by’ibizamini byayoborwa byemerwa nka laboratoire ya CB (laboratoire ishinzwe ibyemezo) ). Ku bicuruzwa byose by’amashanyarazi, mugihe cyose uruganda ruzabona icyemezo cya CB na raporo yikizamini cyatanzwe na komite, ibihugu 30 bigize uyu muryango muri sisitemu ya IECEE ccB bizamenyekana, ahanini bikuraho icyifuzo cyo kohereza ingero mubihugu bitumizwa mu mahanga kugirango bipimishe. Ibi bizigama ikiguzi nigihe cyo kubona icyemezo cyicyemezo kiva muri kiriya gihugu, gifite akamaro kanini cyane kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.

Ubuyapani
PSE
Uburyo buteganijwe bwo kubona isoko kubicuruzwa byamashanyarazi byabayapani nabyo ni igice cyingenzi mu itegeko ry’umutekano w’ibicuruzwa by’amashanyarazi.
Kugeza ubu, guverinoma y’Ubuyapani igabanya ibicuruzwa by’amashanyarazi "ibicuruzwa by’amashanyarazi byihariye" n "" ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bidasanzwe "hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’amategeko agenga umutekano w’ibicuruzwa by’amashanyarazi mu Buyapani, muri byo" ibicuruzwa by’amashanyarazi byihariye "birimo ubwoko bw’ibicuruzwa 115; Ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe byamashanyarazi birimo ubwoko bwibicuruzwa 338.
PSE ikubiyemo ibisabwa kuri EMC n'umutekano. Ku bicuruzwa byashyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi byihariye, byinjira ku isoko ry’Ubuyapani, bigomba kwemezwa n’ikigo cy’abandi cyemezo cyemewe na Minisiteri y’Ubukungu, Ubucuruzi n’inganda mu Buyapani, kubona icyemezo cy’icyemezo, kandi gifite diyama Ikirangantego cya PSE kuri label.
CQC nimwe murwego rwonyine rwemeza mubushinwa rwasabye uruhushya rwabayapani PSE. Kugeza ubu, ibyiciro byibicuruzwa byu Buyapani PSE ibyemezo byibicuruzwa byabonetse na CQC ni ibyiciro bitatu byingenzi: insinga ninsinga (harimo ibicuruzwa 20), ibikoresho byo gukoresha insinga (ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo kumurika, nibindi, harimo ibicuruzwa 38), hamwe nimashini zikoresha amashanyarazi; (ibikoresho byo murugo, harimo ibicuruzwa 12).

Koreya
Ikimenyetso cya KC
Dukurikije amategeko agenga imicungire y’ibicuruzwa by’amashanyarazi muri Koreya, Urutonde rw’ibicuruzwa bya KC Mark rugabanya ibyemezo by’umutekano w’amashanyarazi mu byemezo byemewe kandi byemejwe ku bushake guhera ku ya 1 Mutarama 2009.
Icyemezo cy'agahato bivuga ibicuruzwa byose bya elegitoronike biri mu cyiciro giteganijwe kandi bigomba kubona icyemezo cya KC Mark mbere yuko bigurishwa ku isoko rya Koreya. Kugenzura buri mwaka uruganda nibizamini byo gutoranya ibicuruzwa birakenewe. Icyemezo cyo kwiyobora (kubushake) bivuga ibicuruzwa byose bya elegitoronike nibicuruzwa kubushake bigomba gupimwa gusa no kwemezwa, kandi bidasaba ubugenzuzi bwuruganda. Icyemezo gifite agaciro kumyaka 5.

Icyemezo mu tundi turere

Australiya

1. C / A-itike
Ni ikimenyetso cyemeza cyatanzwe n’ikigo gishinzwe itumanaho cya Ositaraliya (ACA) kubikoresho byitumanaho, hamwe na C-tick cycle yicyumweru 1-2.
Igicuruzwa gikorerwa ibizamini bya tekiniki ya ACAQ, byandikwa na ACA kugirango ukoreshe A / C-Tick, wuzuza imenyekanisha ryimiterere, kandi ubike hamwe nibisobanuro byubahiriza ibicuruzwa. Ikirango kirimo ikirango cya A / C-Tick cyashyizwe kubicuruzwa cyangwa ibikoresho byitumanaho. A-Tick yagurishijwe kubakoresha ikoreshwa gusa mubicuruzwa byitumanaho, kandi ibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike ahanini ni C-Tick. Ariko, niba ibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike bisaba A-Tick, ntibakeneye gusaba C-Tick ukwayo. Kuva mu Gushyingo 2001, porogaramu za EMI zo muri Ositaraliya / Nouvelle-Zélande zahujwe; Niba ibicuruzwa bigomba kugurishwa muri ibi bihugu byombi, inyandiko zikurikira zigomba kuba zuzuye mbere yo kwamamaza, mugihe abayobozi ba ACA (ikigo gishinzwe itumanaho rya Ositaraliya) cyangwa Nouvelle-Zélande (Minisiteri y’iterambere ry’ubukungu) bakoze igenzura ridasanzwe igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.
Sisitemu ya EMC muri Ositaraliya igabanya ibicuruzwa mu nzego eshatu, kandi abatanga isoko bagomba kwiyandikisha muri ACA bagasaba gukoresha ikirango cya C-Tick mbere yo kugurisha ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwa 2 n’urwego rwa 3.

2. SAA
Icyemezo cya SAA ni ishyirahamwe risanzwe ryishyirahamwe ryubuziranenge bwa Ositaraliya, inshuti nyinshi rero zita icyemezo cya Australiya nka SAA. SAA ni icyemezo gikunze guhura n’inganda ko ibicuruzwa by’amashanyarazi byinjira ku isoko rya Ositaraliya bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza y’umutekano waho. Kubera amasezerano yo kumenyekanisha hagati ya Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande, ibicuruzwa byose byemejwe na Ositaraliya birashobora kwinjira neza ku isoko rya Nouvelle-Zélande kugira ngo bigurishwe.
Ibicuruzwa byose byamashanyarazi bigomba kuba bifite icyemezo cyumutekano (SAA).
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwibirango bya SAA, kimwe ni kumenyekana kumugaragaro naho ubundi nibirango bisanzwe. Icyemezo gisanzwe gishinzwe gusa ibyitegererezo, mugihe ibimenyetso bisanzwe bisaba gusubiramo uruganda kuri buri muntu.
Kugeza ubu, hari inzira ebyiri zo gusaba icyemezo cya SAA mu Bushinwa. Imwe ni iyo kwimura raporo yikizamini cya CB. Niba nta raporo yikizamini cya CB, urashobora kandi gusaba muburyo butaziguye. Muri rusange, igihe cyo gusaba ibyemezo bya Australiya SAA kubikoresho bisanzwe byo kumurika ITAV nibikoresho bito byo murugo ni ibyumweru 3-4. Niba ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa butujuje ubuziranenge, itariki irashobora kongerwa. Mugihe utanze raporo kugirango isubirwemo muri Ositaraliya, birakenewe gutanga icyemezo cya SAA kumacomeka yibicuruzwa (cyane cyane kubicuruzwa bifite amacomeka), bitabaye ibyo ntibizatunganywa. Ibice byingenzi mubicuruzwa bisaba icyemezo cya SAA, nkicyemezo cya transformateur SAA cyo kumurika, bitabaye ibyo ibikoresho byubugenzuzi bwa Australiya ntibizemerwa.

Arabiya Sawudite
SASO
Amagambo ahinnye y’umuryango w’ubuziranenge bwa Arabiya Sawudite. SASO ishinzwe guteza imbere ibipimo byigihugu kubikenerwa byose nibicuruzwa bya buri munsi, birimo na sisitemu yo gupima, kuranga, nibindi. Icyemezo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze gifite uruhare runini cyane mubice bitandukanye. Intego yambere ya sisitemu yo gutanga ibyemezo no kwemerera ni uguhuza umusaruro wimibereho, kuzamura umusaruro, no guteza imbere ubukungu binyuze muburyo busanzwe nkibipimo bihuriweho, amabwiriza ya tekiniki, nuburyo bwo gusuzuma ibyangombwa.