Minisiteri y’imiti n’ifumbire mu Buhinde yategetse ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibiro bishinzwe ubuziranenge bw’Ubuhinde (BIS) kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa polypropilene (PP) na polyvinyl chloride (PVC) byinjira mu Buhinde, guhera ku ya 25 Kanama uyu mwaka.
Minisiteri yabitangaje ibinyujije mu igazeti y’igihugu, ariko ntibyatunguye benshi mu bitabiriye isoko, kubera ko Ishami ry’Ubuhinde ry’imiti n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli ryasabye ko hashyirwaho ibisabwa by’ubuziranenge bwa BIS muri Kanama 2023, nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandiko z’umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi; (WTO).
Ubuhinde bwashyize mu bikorwa ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya BIS igenzura ubuziranenge kuri polyethylene (PE) mu kwezi gushize, hakaba hasonewe amanota amwe.
Abakora inganda zikomeye za PVC muri Koreya yepfo na Tayiwani, Ubushinwa, nazo zitanga PE, bategereje ko hashyirwaho icyemezo mbere y’iri tangazo, bituma basaba icyemezo cya BIS kuri PVC mu gihe icyarimwe bahabwa icyemezo cya BIS kuri PE umwaka ushize.
Abakora PP baturutse muri Arabiya Sawudite, Koreya yepfo nu Burusiya nabo basabye impushya za BIS kuri PP icyarimwe hamwe na PE. Umuproducer wa PP wo muri Vietnam wasabye uruhushya rwa BIS mbere yo gutangazwa. Ariko ntabwo itanga PE.
PP, PVC itumizwa mu mahanga izakomeza?
Kwiyongera kwinshi mubushobozi bwa PP na PVC mubushinwa byatumye igihugu kiba igihugu cyohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi muri PP na PVC. Ubushinwa nabwo bwahindutse PVC mu mahanga mu 2021 kandi bugera kuri PP yo kwihaza 92pc muri 2023.
Ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byagize uruhare runini mu kwinjiza umusaruro w’inyongera mu Bushinwa no kongera kuringaniza isoko, Ubuhinde bukaba ari bwo bukuru bw’ibicuruzwa PP na PVC by’Ubushinwa.
Nk’uko imibare ya GTT iheruka ibivuga, Ubuhinde nicyo cyahagaritswe cyane mu Bushinwa PVC (s-PVC) cyoherezwa mu mahanga muri Mutarama-Ugushyingo 2023, aho 1.01mn yavuye ku nkombe z’Ubushinwa yerekeza mu Buhinde. Ibi bingana hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’Ubushinwa s-PVC yohereza mu mahanga hafi 2,1mn t muri Mutarama-Ugushyingo 2023.
Ubushinwa nabwo bwa mbere mu Buhinde bwatumije mu mahanga imizigo ya s-PVC, bugizwe na 34pc by’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu Buhinde na toni 2,27mn muri Mutarama-Ugushyingo 2023. Ibi byakomeje ahanini mu 2024, bitewe n’uko ibicuruzwa by’Abashinwa birushanwe cyane ugereranije n’ibyo by'izindi nkomoko yo mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya no mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya.
Ariko izo mbaraga ntizigana mu Bushinwa bukomoka mu Bushinwa butumizwa mu Buhinde. Ubuhinde butumiza mu mahanga imizigo ya PP ikomoka mu Bushinwa iri ku mwanya wa 7 ku bwinshi, bingana na 4pc gusa ya 1,63mn t ya PP yatumijwe muri Mutarama-Ugushyingo 2023.
Birashoboka ko abashinwa PP na PVC b'Abashinwa bazasaba icyemezo cya BIS kugirango bakomeze kohereza mu Buhinde, ariko abaguzi b'Abahinde bafite impungenge ko impushya zabo zitazatangwa. Abashoramari babiri b'Abashinwa PE basabye ibyemezo bya BIS ariko ntibarabona ibyangombwa byabo, bitandukanye nabandi bakora ibicuruzwa byo hanze. Abitabiriye isoko ry’Ubuhinde bavuga ko ibintu nk'ibi byagaragaye no mu yandi masoko y’ibicuruzwa, aho abahinzi b’abashinwa badashobora kubona impushya za BIS nubwo babisabye.
Bamwe mu bitabiriye isoko bumva ko ingaruka zizaba mbi kuri PVC kuko Ubushinwa bwabaye isoko yambere itumizwa mu mahanga ku baguzi b'Abahinde. Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi y’Ubuhinde muri Gicurasi umwaka ushize yasabye ko hubahirizwa igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga na PVC ku mizigo irimo vinyl chloride isigaye ya monomer irenga ibice 2 kuri miliyoni (ppm), bikaba bishoboka ko ishobora gukumira ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bikomoka kuri PVC biva mu Bushinwa byinjira mu Buhinde. Icyifuzo cya minisiteri ntikirashyirwa mu bikorwa, bamwe mu bitabiriye isoko bategereje ko ingamba nk'izo zishobora guhuzwa n’ubugenzuzi bwa BIS kuri PVC.
Izi ngamba birumvikana ko zibangamira itangwa rya PVC ry’Ubushinwa mu Buhinde, bikaba bishobora kudindiza ishoramari mu bushobozi bw’umusaruro kuko icyifuzo cy’isi gikomeje kuba gito.
Ibicuruzwa bituruka muri Amerika bitumizwa mu mahanga bishobora gufata intera
Abenshi mu bakora inganda zikomeye za PE ku isi bashishikajwe no kubona impushya za BIS zo kubyaza umusaruro inyungu zikenewe mu Buhinde kubera iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo. Ibidasanzwe byingenzi ni abaproducer bo muri Amerika ya ruguru.
Bimwe mubikorwa bya BIS byemeza bisaba abayobozi b'Abahinde gukora igenzura ku ruganda kugira ngo bamenye ko umusaruro ujyanye n'ibisabwa na BIS. Abaproducer benshi bo muri Amerika ya ruguru barwanya ibi kubera impungenge zuko bishobora guhungabanya imitungo yubwenge ijyanye nibikorwa byabo bwite. Impungenge nkizo zagaragaye kuri PP na PVC.
Ubuhinde nicyo gihugu cya mbere muri Amerika cyohereje muri PVC mu Gushyingo na Ukuboza 2023, cyafashije mu kugabanya igabanuka ry’ibikenerwa na PVC ku isi. Ubuhinde butumiza imizigo ikomoka muri Amerika bwikubye hafi kabiri ubw'Ukuboza gushize kwa Kanada.
Amerika kandi ifite uruhare runini mumasoko ya PP na PVC yo mubuhinde. Imizigo ikomoka muri Amerika s-PVC yashyizwe ku mwanya wa 5 ku bwinshi muri Mutarama-Ugushyingo 2023, bingana na 10pc ya 2.27mn t yatumijwe mu mahanga. Muri PP, Amerika yashyizwe ku mwanya wa 7 muri kiriya gihe kimwe, igizwe na 2pc kuri 1,63mn t Ubuhinde bwatumijwe mu mahanga.
Niba abanyamerika batabonye icyemezo cya BIS kuri PP na PVC, barashobora gutakaza umugabane wamasoko mubuhinde kandi bagashaka uburyo bushya bwo kugenerwa ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mugihe icyifuzo cyisi cyoroheje.
Ubushinwa-PVC bwohereza ibicuruzwa Jan-Nov '23 t
Ubuhinde-PVC butumiza Mutarama-Ugushyingo 23 t
Ubuhinde PP butumiza Mutarama-Ugushyingo 23 t
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-08-2024