Ni ubuhe bugenzuzi bugenzurwa mu ruganda rw’ubucuruzi rwo hanze? Waba uzi imishinga yo kugenzura uruganda ibicuruzwa byawe bikwiranye?

 2 Kuki ibigo bikeneye gukora ubugenzuzi bwuruganda?

Imwe mumpamvu zifatika nukuri, kuzuza ibisabwa kugenzura uruganda rwabakiriya kugirango barebe ko uruganda rushobora kwakira neza ibicuruzwa. Inganda zimwe ndetse zifata iyambere kugirango zemere ubugenzuzi bwuruganda kugirango zagure ibicuruzwa byinshi mumahanga, nubwo abakiriya batabisabye.

1)Igenzura ry'inshingano z'imibereho

kuzuza ibyifuzo byabakiriya

Uzuza ibisabwa abakiriya, gushimangira ubufatanye bwabakiriya, no kwagura amasoko mashya.

Uburyo bwiza bwo kuyobora

Kunoza urwego rwimicungire nubuyobozi, kongera umusaruro bityo wongere inyungu.

Inshingano z'Imibereho

Guhuza umubano hagati yinganda n'abakozi, guteza imbere ibidukikije, kuzuza inshingano, no kubaka ubushake rusange.

Kubaka izina

Kubaka ikizere mpuzamahanga, kuzamura ishusho yikirango no gutanga ibitekerezo byiza byabaguzi kubicuruzwa byayo.

Mugabanye ingaruka zishobora kubaho

Mugabanye ingaruka zishobora guterwa nubucuruzi, nkimvune ziterwa nakazi cyangwa impfu, kuburana, kubura amategeko, nibindi.

Mugabanye ibiciro

Icyemezo kimwe cyita kubaguzi batandukanye, kugabanya ubugenzuzi bwongeye no kuzigama amafaranga yo kugenzura uruganda.

2) Igenzura ryiza

ubuziranenge bwizewe

Garagaza ko isosiyete ifite ubushobozi bwubwishingizi bufite ireme kugirango yongere abakiriya.

Kunoza imiyoborere

Kunoza urwego rwo gucunga neza ibigo kugirango wagure ibicuruzwa kandi wongere inyungu.

kubaka izina

Gutezimbere ibigo byizewe no guhiganwa bifasha iterambere ryamasoko mpuzamahanga.

3) Igenzura ry’uruganda rwo kurwanya iterabwoba

Kugenzura umutekano wibicuruzwa

Kurwanya neza ubugizi bwa nabi

Kwihutisha gutunganya ibicuruzwa

* Igenzura ry’uruganda rwo kurwanya iterabwoba ryatangiye kugaragara nyuma y’ibyabaye ku ya 9/11 muri Amerika. Basabwe ahanini n’abakiriya b’abanyamerika kurinda umutekano w’ubwikorezi, umutekano w’amakuru ndetse n’imiterere y’imizigo itangwa kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza ku iherezo, bityo bakirinda kwinjira mu iterabwoba ndetse bakanagirira akamaro ubujura bw’imizigo hamwe n’ibindi byaha bifitanye isano no kugarura igihombo cy’ubukungu.

Mubyukuri, ubugenzuzi bwuruganda ntabwo ari ugukurikirana ibisubizo "byatsinzwe". Intego nyamukuru nugushoboza ibigo gushiraho uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga neza kandi bunoze hifashishijwe ubugenzuzi bwuruganda. Umutekano, kubahiriza no kuramba mubikorwa byumusaruro nurufunguzo rwinganda kubona inyungu zigihe kirekire.

3 Kumenyekanisha imishinga yo kugenzura uruganda ruzwi

1)Igenzura ry'inshingano z'imibereho

Igenzura rya BSCI

ibisobanuro

Umuryango w’ubucuruzi urashishikarizwa kubahiriza igenzura ry’imibereho myiza y’abanyamuryango b’abatanga isoko ku isi ryakozwe n’umuryango ushinzwe imibereho myiza BSCI (Business Social Compliance Initiative).

Igipimo cyo gusaba

Inganda zose

Shigikira abaguzi

Abakiriya b’i Burayi, cyane cyane Ubudage

Ibisubizo byubugenzuzi bwuruganda

Raporo yubugenzuzi bwuruganda rwa BSCI nigisubizo cyanyuma nta cyemezo cyangwa ikirango. Urwego rwa BSCI rugenzura urwego rugabanijwemo: A, B, C, D, E, F na kwihanganira zeru. Raporo ya BSCI yo murwego rwa AB ifite agaciro kumyaka 2, naho urwego rwa CD ni umwaka 1. Niba E urwego rwo kugenzura ibisubizo bitanyuze, bigomba gusubirwamo. Niba hari kwihanganira zeru, Tolerance ihagarika ubufatanye.

Kugenzura uruganda rwa Sedex

ibisobanuro

Sedex ni impfunyapfunyo ya Supplier Ethical Data Exchange. Ni urubuga rwamakuru rushingiye ku gipimo cya ETI cy’Ubwongereza bwita ku myitwarire myiza.

Igipimo cyo gusaba

Inganda zose

Shigikira abaguzi

Abakiriya b’i Burayi, cyane cyane Ubwongereza

Ibisubizo byubugenzuzi bwuruganda

Kimwe na BSIC, ibisubizo byubugenzuzi bwa Sedex bitangwa muri raporo. Isuzuma rya Sedex kuri buri kibazo kigabanijwemo ibisubizo bibiri: Kurikirana hejuru no hejuru. Abanyamuryango batandukanye bafite ibyo basabwa kuri buri kibazo cyibibazo, kubwibyo rero nta bwumvikane buke bwa "pass" cyangwa "pass", biterwa ahanini nuburyo umukiriya abona.

Kugenzura uruganda SA8000

ibisobanuro

SA8000 (Social Accountability 8000 International standard) nigipimo cyambere cyambere kwisi kwisi yimyitwarire yashyizweho na Social Accountability International SAI.

Igipimo cyo gusaba

Inganda zose

Shigikira abaguzi

Abenshi ni abaguzi b'Abanyaburayi n'Abanyamerika

Ibisubizo byubugenzuzi bwuruganda

Icyemezo cya SA8000 muri rusange gifata umwaka 1, kandi icyemezo gifite imyaka 3 kandi kigasubirwamo buri mezi 6.

Igenzura ry'uruganda rwa EICC

ibisobanuro

Amategeko agenga imyitwarire ya elegitoroniki (EICC) yatangijwe hamwe n’amasosiyete mpuzamahanga nka HP, Dell, na IBM. Cisco, Intel, Microsoft, Sony nabandi bakora inganda zikomeye nyuma binjiye.

Igipimo cyo gusaba

it

Icyitonderwa kidasanzwe

BSCI na Sedex imaze kumenyekana, EICC nayo yatangiye gutekereza ku gushyiraho uburyo bwo gucunga neza imibereho myiza ikwiranye n’ibikenewe ku isoko, bityo yiswe RBA (Responsible Business Alliance) mu 2017, kandi uburyo bwo kuyikoresha ntibukiri buke. kuri electronics. inganda.

Shigikira abaguzi

Amasosiyete mu nganda za elegitoroniki, hamwe n’amasosiyete aho ibikoresho bya elegitoronike ari ingenzi cyane ku mikorere y’ibicuruzwa byabo, nk'imodoka, ibikinisho, icyogajuru, ikoranabuhanga ryambarwa hamwe n’ibindi bigo bifitanye isano. Izi sosiyete zose zisangiye urunigi rutangwa hamwe nintego zisangiwe mubikorwa byubucuruzi.

Ibisubizo byubugenzuzi bwuruganda

Urebye ibisubizo byanyuma byubushakashatsi, EICC ifite ibisubizo bitatu: icyatsi (amanota 180 no hejuru), umuhondo (amanota 160-180) numutuku (amanota 160 no munsi), hamwe na platine (amanota 200 nibibazo byose byabaye byakosowe), zahabu (Ubwoko butatu bwimpamyabumenyi: amanota 180 no hejuru na PI nibibazo bikomeye byakosowe) na silver (amanota 160 no hejuru na PI byakosowe).

Igenzura ry'uruganda WRAP

ibisobanuro

WRAP ni ihuriro ryinyuguti zambere zamagambo ane. Umwandiko wumwimerere ni ISI YINSHINGANO YEMEJWE UMUSARURO. Ubusobanuro bw'igishinwa busobanura "gukora imyenda ishinzwe isi yose".

Igipimo cyo gusaba

Inganda

Shigikira abaguzi

Benshi ni ibirango by'imyenda y'Abanyamerika n'abaguzi

Ibisubizo byubugenzuzi bwuruganda

Impamyabumenyi ya WRAP igabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu: platine, zahabu na feza, hamwe nicyemezo cyemewe cyimyaka 2, umwaka 1 namezi 6.

Igenzura ry'uruganda rwa ICTI

ibisobanuro

Kode ya ICTI ni amahame yinganda inganda mpuzamahanga zikora ibikinisho zigomba kubahiriza zashyizweho na ICTI (Inama mpuzamahanga yinganda zikinisha).

Igipimo cyo gusaba

Inganda zikinisha

Shigikira abaguzi

Amashyirahamwe y’ubucuruzi bw’ibikinisho mu bihugu n’uturere ku isi: Ubushinwa, Hong Kong, Ubushinwa, Taipei, Ositaraliya, Amerika, Kanada, Burezili, Mexico, Ubwongereza, Ubudage, Ubufaransa, Danemark, Suwede, Ubutaliyani, Hongiriya, Espanye, Ubuyapani, Uburusiya, n'ibindi

Ibisubizo byubugenzuzi bwuruganda

Urwego rwa ICTI ruheruka ruhindura rwahinduwe kuva kurwego rwambere ABC ruhinduka sisitemu yinyenyeri eshanu.

Igenzura ryuruganda rwa Walmart

ibisobanuro

Igipimo cy’ubugenzuzi bw’uruganda rwa Walmart gisaba abatanga Walmart kubahiriza amategeko n'amabwiriza yose yo mu karere ndetse n’igihugu mu nkiko bakoreramo, ndetse n’imikorere y’inganda.

Igipimo cyo gusaba

Inganda zose

Icyitonderwa kidasanzwe

Iyo ingingo zemewe n'amategeko zinyuranyije n’imikorere y’inganda, abatanga isoko bagomba kubahiriza amategeko yemewe n’ububasha; mugihe ibikorwa byinganda birenze amategeko yemewe nigihugu, Walmart izashyira imbere abatanga isoko bujuje imikorere yinganda.

Ibisubizo byubugenzuzi bwuruganda

Ibisubizo bya nyuma bya Walmart bigabanijwemo ibice bine byamabara: icyatsi, umuhondo, orange, numutuku ukurikije impamyabumenyi zitandukanye. Muri byo, abatanga amanota yicyatsi, umuhondo, na orange barashobora kohereza ibicuruzwa no kwakira ibicuruzwa bishya; abatanga ibisubizo bitukura bazakira imburi yambere. Niba bakiriye imiburo itatu ikurikiranye, umubano wabo wubucuruzi uzahagarikwa burundu.

2) Igenzura ryiza

Igenzura rya ISO9000

ibisobanuro

Igenzura ryuruganda ISO9000 rikoreshwa kugirango hemezwe ubushobozi bwikigo gutanga ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyifuzo byabakiriya nibisabwa n'amategeko agenga, hagamijwe kunoza ibyo abakiriya banyuzwe.

Igipimo cyo gusaba

Inganda zose

Shigikira abaguzi

abaguzi ku isi

Ibisubizo byubugenzuzi bwuruganda

Ikimenyetso cyemewe cya ISO9000 ni kwiyandikisha no gutanga icyemezo, gifite imyaka 3.

Igenzura ry’uruganda rwo kurwanya iterabwoba

C-Kugenzura uruganda rwa TPAT

ibisobanuro

Igenzura ry'uruganda C-TPAT ni gahunda ku bushake yatangijwe na Minisiteri ishinzwe umutekano mu gihugu cya Amerika muri gasutamo ishinzwe umutekano no kurinda imipaka CBP nyuma y'ibyabaye ku ya 9/11. C-TPAT ni amagambo ahinnye y’icyongereza y’ubufatanye bwa gasutamo n’ubucuruzi mu kurwanya iterabwoba, aribwo bufatanye na gasutamo n’ubucuruzi mu kurwanya iterabwoba.

Igipimo cyo gusaba

Inganda zose

Shigikira abaguzi

Abenshi ni abaguzi b'Abanyamerika

Ibisubizo byubugenzuzi bwuruganda

Ibisubizo byubugenzuzi byatsinzwe hashingiwe kuri sisitemu y'amanota (kuri 100). Amanota ya 67 cyangwa arenga afatwa nkuwatsinze, kandi icyemezo gifite amanota 92 cyangwa hejuru gifite agaciro kumyaka 2.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa 

Ikibazo

Ubu ibirango byinshi kandi byinshi (nka Wal-Mart, Disney, Carrefour, nibindi) bitangiye kwakira ubugenzuzi bwimibereho mpuzamahanga bwiyongera kubipimo byabo. Nkabatanga cyangwa bashaka kuba abatanga isoko, ni gute inganda zahitamo imishinga ikwiye?

A.

Mbere ya byose, inganda zigomba gusuzuma ibipimo bihuye cyangwa rusange bishingiye ku nganda zabo. Icya kabiri, reba niba igihe cyo gusuzuma gishobora kubahirizwa. Hanyuma, reba amafaranga yubugenzuzi kugirango urebe niba ushobora kwita kubandi bakiriya kandi ugakoresha icyemezo kimwe kugirango uhangane nabaguzi benshi. Birumvikana ko ari byiza gusuzuma ikiguzi.