Niki polyvinyl chloride mukweto n'imyambaro

PVC yahoze ari plastike nini ku isi muri rusange mu bikorwa kandi ikoreshwa cyane. Ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byubwubatsi, ibicuruzwa byinganda, ibikenerwa bya buri munsi, uruhu rwo hasi, amabati hasi, uruhu rwubukorikori, imiyoboro, insinga ninsinga, firime zipakira, amacupa, ibikoresho bifuro, ibikoresho bifunga kashe, fibre, nibindi bice.

Icyakora, ku ya 27 Ukwakira 2017, urutonde rwa kanseri rwashyizwe ahagaragara n’ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ubushakashatsi kuri kanseri y’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi (OMS) rwakusanyirijwe mbere kandi ruvugwa, kandi PVC yashyizwe ku rutonde rwa kanseri yo mu cyiciro cya 3.Vinyl chloride, nkibikoresho fatizo bya synthesis ya PVC, byashyizwe kurutonde rwa kanseri yo mu cyiciro cya mbere.

01 Inkomoko yibintu bya vinyl chloride mubicuruzwa byinkweto

Vinyl chloride, izwi kandi nka vinyl chloride, ni ifumbire mvaruganda hamwe na formula ya chimique C2H3Cl. Ni monomer yingenzi muri chimie ya polymer kandi irashobora kuboneka muri Ethylene cyangwa acetylene. Ikoreshwa cyane mugukora homopolymers na copolymers ya polyvinyl chloride. Irashobora kandi gukoporora hamwe na vinyl acetate, butadiene, nibindi, kandi birashobora kandiikoreshwa nk'ikuramo amarangi n'ibirungo.Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nka comonomer kuri polymers zitandukanye. Nubwo vinyl chloride ari ibikoresho byingenzi mu nganda za pulasitike, irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nka firigo, nibindi. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkikuramo amarangi nibirungo. Mu gukora inkweto n'ibicuruzwa by'imyenda, vinyl chloride ikoreshwa mu gukora polyvinyl chloride (PVC) na vinyl polymers, ishobora kuba ibikoresho bikomeye cyangwa byoroshye. Ibishoboka gukoresha PVC harimo icapiro rya ecran ya plastike, ibice bya pulasitike, hamwe nudusanduku dutandukanye ku mpu, uruhu rwubukorikori, hamwe n imyenda.

Vinyl chloride monomer isigaye mubikoresho byakuwe muri vinyl chloride irashobora kurekurwa buhoro buhoro mubikoresho, bigira ingaruka kubuzima bwabaguzi no kubidukikije.

02 Ibyago bya vinyl chloride

Vinyl chloride irashobora kugira uruhare mu myotsi y’imyotsi y’ibidukikije, ariko kubera ihindagurika rikomeye, ikunda gufotora mu kirere. Vinyl chloride monomer itera ingaruka zitandukanye kubakozi n'abaguzi, bitewe n'ubwoko bwa monomer n'inzira igaragara. Chloroethylene ni gaze itagira ibara mubushyuhe bwicyumba, hamwe nuburyohe buke nka 3000 ppm. Guhura cyane (mugihe gito) guhura cyane na vinyl chloride mu kirere bishobora kugira ingaruka kuri sisitemu yo hagati (CNS),nko kuzunguruka, gusinzira, no kubabara umutwe. Guhumeka igihe kirekire no guhura na vinyl chloride bishobora gutera kanseri y'umwijima.

Kugeza ubu, amasoko y’i Burayi n’Amerika yibanze ku ikoreshwa rya vinyl chloride monomers mu bikoresho bya PVC n’ibikoresho byabo, kandi yashyize mu bikorwa amategeko agenga amategeko. Ibirango mpuzamahanga bizwi cyane bisaba ko ibikoresho bya PVC bibujijwe mubicuruzwa byabo. Niba PVC cyangwa ibikoresho birimo PVC bikenewe kubera impamvu zikoranabuhanga, ibikubiye muri vinyl chloride monomers mubikoresho bigomba kugenzurwa. Itsinda mpuzamahanga rishinzwe imiyoborere RSL ishinzwe imyambaro ninkweto AFIRM, 7 Edition 2022, irasaba ibyoibikubiye muri VCM mubikoresho ntibigomba kurenza 1ppm.

Inganda ninganda bigomba gushimangira kugenzura amasoko,hamwe kwibanda cyane no kugenzura ibiri muri vinyl chloride monomers mubikoresho bya PVC, icapiro rya ecran ya plastike, ibikoresho bya pulasitike, hamwe na PVC zitandukanye zitandukanye kuruhu, uruhu rwubukorikori, hamwe nimyenda;. Muri icyo gihe, birakenewe kandi kwita ku kunoza imikorere y’umusaruro, kunoza imikorere y’imicungire y’ubuziranenge, no kurushaho kunoza urwego rw’umutekano w’ibicuruzwa n’ubuziranenge kugira ngo hubahirizwe ibisabwa bijyanye no kugenzura.