Hariho ibyiciro bitandatu byingenzi bya plastiki zikoreshwa cyane, polyester (PET polyethylene terephthalate), polyethylene yuzuye (HDPE), polyethylene yuzuye (LDPE), polypropilene (PP), chloride polyvinyl (PVC), polystirene (PS).
Ariko, uzi kumenya aya plastiki? Nigute ushobora guteza imbere "amaso yawe yaka"? Nzakwigisha uburyo bufatika, ntabwo bigoye kumenya plastike ikoreshwa mumasegonda!
Hariho uburyo bukurikira bwo kumenya plastike: kumenyekanisha isura, kumenyekanisha umuriro, kumenyekanisha ubucucike, kumenya gushonga, kumenyekanisha ibishishwa, nibindi.
Uburyo bubiri bwa mbere buroroshye kandi bworoshye gukoresha, kandi burashobora no kumenya ubu bwoko bwa plastike neza. Uburyo bwo kumenyekanisha ubucucike burashobora gutondekanya plastike kandi bukoreshwa kenshi mubikorwa byo gukora. Kubwibyo, hano turamenyekanisha cyane muri bitatu.
Buri plastiki ifite ibiyiranga, ifite amabara atandukanye, gloss, transparency,gukomera, n'ibindi Kugaragara kugaragara ni ugutandukanya ubwoko butandukanye bushingiye kuriibiranga isuraya plastiki.
Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana isura iranga plastiki nyinshi zisanzwe. Abakozi bafite ubunararibonye bwo gutondeka barashobora gutandukanya neza ubwoko bwa plastiki ukurikije ibyo biranga.
Kugaragara kugaragara kwa plastiki nyinshi zikoreshwa
1. Polyethylene PE
Ibyiza: Iyo bidafite ibara, ni amata yera, yoroheje, n'ibishashara; ibicuruzwa byunvikana neza iyo byakozwe n'intoki, byoroshye kandi bikomeye, kandi birebire gato. Mubisanzwe, polyethylene yubucucike bworoheje kandi ifite umucyo mwiza, mugihe polyethylene yuzuye cyane.
Ibicuruzwa bisanzwe: firime ya pulasitike, ibikapu, imiyoboro y'amazi, ingoma zamavuta, amacupa y’ibinyobwa (amacupa y’amata ya calcium), ibikenerwa buri munsi, nibindi.
2. Polipropilene PP
Ibyiza: Ni umweru, bisobanutse kandi bishashara iyo bidafite ibara; yoroshye kuruta polyethylene. Gukorera mu mucyo nabyo biruta polyethylene kandi birakomeye kuruta polyethylene. Kurwanya ubushyuhe buhebuje, guhumeka neza, kurwanya ubushyuhe bugera kuri 167 ° C.
Ibicuruzwa bisanzwe: agasanduku, ingunguru, firime, ibikoresho, imifuka iboshywe, imipira yamacupa, bamperi yimodoka, nibindi.
3. Polystirene PS
Ibyiza: Biragaragara iyo bidafite ibara. Igicuruzwa kizakora amajwi yicyuma iyo kimanutse cyangwa gikubiswe. Ifite ububengerane bwiza no gukorera mu mucyo, bisa nikirahure. Nibyoroshye kandi byoroshye kumeneka. Urashobora gushushanya hejuru yibicuruzwa ukoresheje urutoki rwawe. Polystirene yahinduwe iragaragara.
Ibicuruzwa bisanzwe: ububiko, ibikombe, ibikoresho, ibiryo byo murugo, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, nibindi.
4. Polyvinyl chloride PVC
Ibyiza: Ibara ryumwimerere ni umuhondo muto, urasobanutse kandi urabagirana. Gukorera mu mucyo biruta polyethylene na polypropilene, ariko birutwa na polystirene. Ukurikije ingano yinyongera yakoreshejwe, igabanijwemo PVC yoroshye kandi ikomeye. Ibicuruzwa byoroshye biroroshye kandi birakomeye, kandi byunvikana. Ibicuruzwa bikomeye bifite ubukana burenze ubwinshi bwa polyethylene ariko munsi ya polypropilene, kandi kwera bizabera kumurongo. Irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bugera kuri 81 ° C.
Ibicuruzwa bisanzwe: inkweto, ibikinisho, ibyuma byinsinga, inzugi nidirishya, ibikoresho, ibikoresho byo gupakira, nibindi.
5. Polyethylene terephthalate PET
Ibyiza: Gukorera mu mucyo cyane, imbaraga nziza no gukomera kuruta polystirene na polyvinyl chloride, ntabwo byoroshye kumeneka, byoroshye kandi birabagirana. Kurwanya aside na alkali, ntibishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, byoroshye guhinduka (birashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 69 ° C).
Ibicuruzwa bisanzwe: ibicuruzwa byinshi icupa: Amacupa ya kokiya, amacupa yamazi yubutaka, nibindi.
in
Ibyiciro bitandatu bikunze gukoreshwa bya plastiki nabyo birashobora kumenyekana nagusubiramo ibimenyetso. Ikimenyetso cyo gusubiramo ibintu kiri munsi yikintu. Ikimenyetso cy'Ubushinwa ni imibare ibiri ifite "0" imbere. Ikimenyetso cy'amahanga ni imibare imwe idafite "0". Imibare ikurikira irerekana ubwoko bumwe bwa plastiki. Ibicuruzwa biva mubakora bisanzwe bifite iki kimenyetso. Binyuze mu kimenyetso cyongera gukoreshwa, ubwoko bwa plastike burashobora kumenyekana neza.
Kubwoko busanzwe bwa plastike, uburyo bwo gutwika burashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ubumenye neza. Mubisanzwe, ugomba kuba umuhanga muguhitamo kandi ukagira shobuja wo kukuyobora mugihe runaka, cyangwa urashobora kubona plastiki zitandukanye hanyuma ugakora ubushakashatsi bwo gutwika wenyine, kandi urashobora kubitoza kubigereranya no kubifata mumutwe inshuro nyinshi. Nta guhubuka. Gushakisha. Ibara n'impumuro yumuriro mugihe cyo gutwika na leta nyuma yo kuva mumuriro irashobora gukoreshwa nkibishingirwaho mukumenya.
Niba ubwoko bwa plastike budashobora kwemezwa uhereye kumuriro, ingero zubwoko buzwi bwa plastike zirashobora gutoranywa kugirango ugereranye kandi umenye ibisubizo byiza.
Plastike ifite ubucucike butandukanye, kandi ibintu byo kurohama no kureremba mumazi nibindi bisubizo nabyo biratandukanye. Ibisubizo bitandukanye birashobora gukoreshwa kurigutandukanya ubwoko butandukanye. Ubucucike bwa plastiki nyinshi zikoreshwa cyane hamwe nubucucike bwamazi akoreshwa cyane bigaragara mumbonerahamwe ikurikira. Amazi atandukanye arashobora gutoranywa ukurikije ubwoko bwo gutandukana.
PP na PE birashobora kwozwa muri PET n'amazi, kandi PP, PE, PS, PA, na ABS birashobora kwozwa hamwe na brine yuzuye.
PP, PE, PS, PA, ABS, na PC birashobora kureremba hamwe na calcium chloride yuzuye ya calcium. Gusa PVC ifite ubucucike bumwe na PET kandi ntishobora gutandukana na PET muburyo bwo kureremba.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-30-2023