Plastiki is synthetic resin, iyo inogadzirwa nepetroleum uye yakarumbidzwa se "chimwe chezvakakura kugadzirwa nevanhu muzana remakore rechi20". Kushandiswa kwakakura kweichi “chigadzirwa chikuru” chakaunza kurerukirwa kukuru kuvanhu, asi kuraswa kwemarara epurasitiki kwazova chinetso chinotambudza rudzi rwose rwomunhu. Zvinoenderana nenhamba, 9% chete yeanopfuura mabhiriyoni gumi ematani emarara epurasitiki anogadzirwa pasi rose kubva kuma1950s anogona kushandiswazve. Kutora mapurasitiki epurasitiki semuenzaniso, kana pasina zvirambidzo zvinoiswa, huremu hwemarara epurasitiki mugungwa huchapfuura hwehove ne2050, inoverengerwa maererano nehuwandu hwemarara hwazvino. Plastic kudzokorodza hupfumi inzira yakakosha yekuwana kabhoni peak uye kabhoni kusarerekera, uye zvakare ndiyo yakakosha chirevo chekumhanyisa shanduko yakasvibira yebudiriro modhi, kukurumidza kuvakwa kwemarara sisitimu yekudzokorodza, uye kukurudzira kukoshesa kwe ecology, kuchengetedza uye zvakanyanya, girinhi uye yakaderera. -carbon development inokurudzirwa mumushumo we20th CPC National Congress. Ichi chinyorwa chinokutora iwe kuti unzwisise mamiriro ekutanga emarara epurasitiki kudzokorodza kumba nekune dzimwe nyika.
Kukosha kwekukurumidzira kuvakwa kwemarara epurasitiki ekudzokorodza system
Kuvandudza hupfumi hwehupfumi
Maererano nekufungidzira kwekuchengetedza kweUnited Nations Environment Programme, mari yezvakatipoteredza yekusagadzikana kwekutenderera kwepurasitiki yekuputira pasi rose inenge madhora mabhiriyoni makumi mana, uye inenge 95% yekukosha kwezvinhu zvekuputira epurasitiki inoparara nekuda kwekushandisa kamwe chete. izvo zvichakonzera kurasikirwa kwehupfumi kwakananga kwemadhora mabhiriyoni makumi masere kusvika kumadhora zana nemakumi maviri pagore.
2. Kuderedza kusvibiswa kwakachena
Kusvibiswa kwemarara epurasitiki hakungosvibisi zvakatipoteredza, asiwo kunokuvadza hutano hwevanhu nemhuka. Tsvagiridzo yazvino inoratidza kuti zvidimbu zvepurasitiki zvinowanikwa mutsinga dzeropa revanhu uye placenta yevakadzi vane pamuviri. Sekureva kweshumo rakaburitswa neWorld Wide Fund for Nature muna 2019, munhu akaenzana pasi rese anodya magiramu mashanu epurasitiki pasvondo, izvo zvakaenzana nehuremu hwekadhi rechikwereti.
3. Deredza kusvibiswa kwekabhoni
Iyo kabhoni inoburitsa yehupenyu hwese kutenderera kwe 1 toni yemapurasitiki emarara kubva mukugadzirwa kusvika pakutsva kwekupedzisira ingangoita 6.8 matani, iyo yakazara kabhoni inobuda padanho rega rega rekutenderera kwemarara emapurasitiki matani 2.9, uye kuderedzwa kwekabhoni kwemuviri. kutenderera kunenge 3.9 matani; Iyo yakazara kabhoni emission yeimwe neimwe yekubatanidza yemakemikari kutenderera ndeye 5.2 matani, uye iyo kabhoni yekudzikisa ingangoita 1.6 matani.
4. Kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvemafuta
Nekuenderera mberi kwekuenderera mberi kwehunyanzvi hwekudzokorodza tekinoroji, zvinotarisirwa kuti mwero wekudzokorodza mapurasitiki uchawedzera kubva pa30% kusvika pa60% muna 2060, ichichengetedza mazana maviri emamiriyoni ematani ezviwanikwa zveoiri, izvo zvichave nekukanganisa kukuru pamaitiro ekuchenesa. industry.
5. Kuvandudza kukwikwidzana kwebhizinesi
Mutero wekurongedza weEU uye kabhoni bhodha mutero uchabhadharwa munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvakatemerwa muChina zvichasvika 70 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2030, nepo purofiti yemabhizinesi ekugadzira resin muChina inotarisirwa kuita 96 bhiriyoni yuan panosvika 2030, uye kuwedzera mutero kuchasvika 3/4. Nekudaro, kana mabhizinesi akawedzera chimwe chikamu chezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki kuzvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki, zvinokwanisika kudzikisira kana kusabvisa mutero, nokudaro zvichivandudza kukwikwidza uye pesvedzero yemhando yemabhizinesi.
Kugadziriswazve kwemarara epurasitiki muChina
China ndiyo nyika hombe pasi rose kugadzira, kushandisa uye kutumira kunze kwenyika. Mumakore achangopfuura, nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwemararamiro evanhu, kubuda kwemarara epurasitiki kwakawedzerawo gore negore. Muna 2021, mapurasitiki achaita 12% yemarara akasimba eChina. Panguva imwecheteyo, sezvo kuziva kwevanhu nezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, chikamu chekugadzirwa kwepurasitiki chakawedzerawo zvishoma nezvishoma. Sekureva kweOECD 2020 mushumo, zvinotarisirwa kuti huwandu hwekudzokorodza kwemarara epurasitiki muhupenyu hwese huchakwira kubva pa8% muna 2019 kusvika 14% panosvika 2060.
Mazhinji mahofori anoungana mumunda wekudzoreredza makemikari emapurasitiki emarara
Nexus: Yakarongwa kuve nemafekitari makuru gumi nemaviri mumakore mashanu ekudzoreredza tsvina yemufirimu kubva kwakasiyana-siyana nenzira dzemakemikari.
BASF: BASF yakadyara mamirioni makumi maviri emaeuro muQuantafuel, kambani yekuNorway, kuti ienderere mberi nekuvandudza nekuvandudza nzira yekushandisa yakasanganiswa tsvina yepurasitiki kugadzira mafuta epyrolysis.
SABIC: Kudyidzana kwemapato mazhinji kwakanangana nekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwema cyclic polymers akadzoserwa kubva mumarara epurasitiki uye kutora chikamu mumakungwa epurasitiki makemikari kudzoreredza chirongwa.
Total Energy: yakasaina chibvumirano chenguva refu chekutengeserana neVanheede Environment Group kuti ipe post-consumer recycling (PCR) mbishi zvinhu.
ExxonMobil: Mushure mekuwedzera kwechirimwa muTexas, ichave imwe yenzvimbo huru dzepamusoro dzepurasitiki yekudzokorodza tsvina muNorth America.
Mura: Iyo tekinoroji tekinoroji HydroPRS inogona kudzivirira kugadzira "kabhoni" uye kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvehydrocarbon.
Dow: Zvirikushingairira kutsvaga kutanga bhizinesi vanodyidzana nevatengi kuti vawedzere chiyero chemakemikari ekudzoreredza tekinoroji nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.
Braskem (mugadziri mukuru wepololefin muAmerica): Zvinosimbiswa kuti kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha zvepakati senge aromatics uye monomers kwakakwira.
Nyanzvi Maonero
Plastic kutenderera inosimudzira girinhi shanduko yebudiriro modhi
Fu Xiangsheng, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weChina Petroleum uye Chemical Industry Federation
Kubva pakuzvarwa kwayo, mapurasitiki akaita zvakakosha kufambira mberi kwebudiriro yevanhu, kunyanya mukutsiva simbi nehuni, kuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza kubuda. Asi ikozvino, yave kubvumirana kwepasi rose kudzora kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki. Plastic recycling ehupfumi chiyero chakakosha kudzikisa kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza epurasitiki.
Plastic recycling ehupfumi yakakamurwa kuita kutenderera kwemuviri uye kemikari kutenderera. Kudzokorodza kwemuviri inzira inoshanda yekudzokorodza tsvina mapurasitiki mucascade. Kudzoreredza kemikari kunogona kuona kukosha kwekushandisa zvakare kwemarara epurasitiki, uye mabhizinesi mazhinji kumba nekune dzimwe nyika akaita zvakakosha.
Vamwe vanoshandisa depolymerization kana decomposition nzira kudzikisa tsvina mapurasitiki kune monomers uye zvakare-polymerize kuona kemikari kutenderera. Zvinonzwisiswa kuti yekutanga DuPont naHuntsman mumakore achangopfuura vakaziva "methanol decomposition tekinoroji" yekuparadza tsvina yepolyester (PET) mabhodhoro echinwiwa mumethyl terephthalate uye ethylene glycol monomers, uye vozogadzirazve nyowani PET resin, vachiona yakavharwa- loop kemikari kutenderera.
Mamwe gasification emarara epurasitiki kuita syngas kana pyrolysis kuita zvigadzirwa zveoiri, re-synthesis yemakemikari uye mapolymer. Semuenzaniso, BASF iri kugadzira nzira yekupisa inopisa inoshandura mapurasitiki emarara kuva syngas kana zvigadzirwa zvemafuta, uye inoshandisa iyi yakasvibirira kuti ibudise makemikari akasiyana-siyana kana mapolymers muLudwigshafen integrated base, nehutano hunosvika kugiredhi yezvokudya; Eastman inoona kudzoreredzwa kwemakemikari kweakatevedzana epolyester marara epurasitiki kuburikidza nepolyester regeneration tekinoroji, inogona kuderedza kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse ne20% ~ 30% zvichienzaniswa nemaitiro echinyakare; Iyo purojekiti yakarongwa kuti itange kushanda munaGunyana 2023 nekushandisa iyo yakanyungudutswa mubhedha gasifier kuchenesa marara epurasitiki nekuchena kwakaderera uye zvisiri nyore kudzoreredza uye kugadzira methanol kubva kune yakawanikwa syngas. Iyi nzira inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide ne100000 matani pa60000 matani emarara epurasitiki. China Petrochemical Academy yeSainzi, Aerospace Sayenzi neIndasitiri uye mamwe mabhizinesi akawanawo mhedzisiro yezvikamu mukudzoreredza mapurasitiki.
Kemikari kutenderera harisi dambudziko rakaoma kubva pakuona kwehunyanzvi, nekuti maitiro mazhinji emakemikari anodzoreredzwa: anogona kuodzwa kana akakwanisa kugadzirwa, uye anogona kubviswa kana achigona kuve polymerized. Parizvino, chipingamupinyi chikuru ndecheupfumi. Imari uye mutengo. Naizvozvo, zvigadziriso zvehunyanzvi zvega hazvina kukwana, asi zvinodawo kusimudzirwa kwemitemo, pamwe nekubvumirana kwevanhu uye kuita kwepasi rose.
Kurumidza kushandisa uye kufarirwa kwemakemikari ekudzoreredza tekinoroji
Li Mingfeng, Mutungamiri weSinopec Research Institute yePetroleum uye Chemical Technology
Kemikari kudzokororwa kwemarara epurasitiki inozivikanwa seyakaderera-kabhoni, yakachena uye yakagadzikana nzira yekudzokorodza kumba nekune dzimwe nyika. Mumakore achangopfuura, hofori dzemakemikari dzepasirese dzakawedzera kurongeka kwavo mumunda wekudzoreredza mapurasitiki. LG, Saudi Basic Industry Corporation, BP nemamwe mabhizinesi ane mukurumbira pasi rose akaita tsvakiridzo pakudzokorodzazve mapurasitiki. Pakati pavo, kupora kwemakemikari ndiko kunonyanya kukosha. Nekuti kudzoreredza kemikari kunoshanda kumapurasitiki akasanganiswa ane tsvina yakakwira uye haigone kudzoserwa mumuviri, inoonekwa seyamangwana tekinoroji kutungamira neindasitiri. Parizvino, 12% chete yemapurasitiki emarara muChina anodzokororwa nenzira dzemuviri, uye panenge pasina nzira yemakemikari, saka kuchine nzvimbo yakakura yekusimudzira.
Kusimudzirwa kwekudzorerwa kwemakemikari kunosungirwa kutsigirwa ne teknolojia. Waste plastic pyrolysis tekinoroji ndiyo yakakosha tekinoroji iyo anenge ese mabhizinesi achashandisa. Zvisinei, kukura kwemarara epurasitiki pyrolysis teknolojia yakaoma zvikuru, nokuti kune marudzi anopfuura 200 ezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvakabatanidzwa, kusanganisira mapurasitiki, mapurasitiki anokosha uye mapurasitiki einjiniya, izvo zvinoita kuti zvidikanwi zveunyanzvi zvekunatsa uye mabhizinesi emakemikari akaoma zvikuru. Parizvino, kunyangwe tekinoroji yekudzoreredza kemikari yemapurasitiki emarara muChina yakawana kukurumidza kusimudzira, ichiri mudanho rekuwedzera kubva padiki-diki kuenda kune mutyairi kana kuratidzira kwemaindasitiri. Kukurumidza kuitika kwebudiriro yetekinoroji kunoda tsvakiridzo huru yetekinoroji nebudiriro uye kubatana kwakakura.
Muna 2021, inotungamirirwa neAcademy yePetroleum Sciences, 11 zvikamu, kusanganisira Joint Engineering Construction Company, Yanshan Petrochemical, Yangzi Petrochemical, Maoming Petrochemical, China Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing Institute of Petroleum uye Chemical Technology, Tongji University, Zhejiang Yangtze River. Delta Institute of Circular Economy and Technology, yakanyorera "Industrial Technology Innovation Center yeKemikari Kudzokororwa kweWaste Plastics" yePetrochemical Federation uye yakabudirira kuhwina rezinesi. Muchinhanho chinotevera, CAS ichavimba nepakati kuita indasitiri-yunivhesiti-tsvakurudzo yekudyidzana innovation, kuedza kugadzira tsvagiridzo nekusimudzira chikuva chepamusoro-ukoshi hwekushandisa tekinoroji yemapurasitiki emarara akakodzera mhando dzakasiyana dzemapurasitiki uye kwakasiyana masosi, kusimudzira. tsvina mapurasitiki anotungamira kushandura tekinoroji, kuita budiriro uye indasitiri yekushandisa tsvakiridzo yemarara epurasitiki makemikari ekudzoreredza maitiro uye akasiyana tekinoroji musanganiswa maitiro, uye kuita kuti marara mapurasitiki ekudzoreredza makemikari tekinoroji asvike padanho rinotungamira repasirese.
Ita tsvina yepurasitiki inoshandiswa zvakare
Guo Zifang, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiri weSinopec Beijing Chemical Research Institute
Kuti tibatsire kuzadzisa chinangwa che "double carbon", tanga tichishanda nesimba pa "recyclable and usable", uye takarima zvakadzika mumunda wepolymer recycling.
Panyaya ye "recyclable", mazhinji emapurasitiki ekurongedza pamusika ane akawanda-layer. Aya mapurasitiki haasi ma polyolefins chete, asi zvikamu zvakasiyana zvinowedzera matambudziko akawanda pakugadzirisa zvakare. Kuti uwane "kudzokororwa", danho rakakosha nderokusarudza imwe mbishi zvinhu kugadzira epurasitiki kurongedza, BOPE (biaxial tensile polyethylene) mumiriri. Ichi chimwe chete chekurongedza chimiro chinofananidzwa neyechinyakare kurongedza chimiro chezvakawanda zvakasiyana zvinhu, Zvinonyanya kubatsira mukudzokorodzazve mapurasitiki.
Panyaya ye "kushandiswa", kudzoreredza kwemuviri uye kudzoreredza kemikari ndiyo nzira mbiri huru dzekudzokorora tsvina mapurasitiki. Isu tinogara tichitevedzera chirevo che "kufamba pamakumbo maviri" uye kukudziridza nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzehunyanzvi kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvakadzokororwa zvinogona kushandiswa. Panyaya yekupora kwemuviri, takabatana nemayunivhesiti anozivikanwa emudzimba nemabhizinesi kugadzirisa matambudziko akakosha muminda yekuenderera mberi nekugadzirisa uye kushandiswazve kwemafirimu epurasitiki akadzokororwa, tekinoroji yekudzoreredza mapurasitiki emotokari, uye akawana mhedzisiro yekutanga. Mundima yekudzoreredza kemikari, takazvimiririra kugadzira tekinoroji yemicrowave plasma pyrolysis, tichishandisa tsvina yepolymer seyakabikwa yekupwanya, uye goho retriethylene rakafanana neyechinyakare naphtha chipfunga chekupwanya. Panguva imwecheteyo, isu takamhanyisa basa rekutsvagisa nekusimudzira mumunda wecatalytic cracking, uye takanangana nekuwana makemikari anobudirira kudzoreredza emarara epurasitiki akasiyana. Isu takagadzirawo multi-phase solvent, iyo inogona kuunzwa mumapurasitiki akadzokororwa kuvandudza kugona kwekusunga kwemapolymer akasiyana, kugadzira zvinhu zvine mashandiro epamusoro uye kugadzikana, uye zvinotarisirwa kuona kusasvibisa kushandiswazve kwemapurasitiki akasanganiswa, anogona kushandiswa kumidziyo yemumba, kuvaka, zvekufambisa uye nemimwe minda.
Kudzokorodza uye kushandiswazve kwemarara polymer chikamu chakakosha cheindastiri yepolymer mukutanga nekuvandudza iyo yakasvibira yakaderera-kabhoni denderedzwa yekusimudzira hupfumi system. Mune ramangwana, Beijing Institute of Chemical Technology icharamba ichitarisa mukusimudzira, kushandisa, kudzokorodza uye kudzokororwa kwezvinhu zvitsva, basa rekuvandudza kushanda uye kunaka kwekudzoreredza kwemuviri, kukurudzira kutsvagisa nekusimudzira uye kugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira makemikari matsva, batsira kuvaka mhando nyowani yehupfumi hwepurasitiki, uye kuvaka girini yehupfumi yakavharwa-loop maindasitiri cheni.
Ramba uchigadzira zvakasvibirira uye zvine hushamwari zvinoshatisa zvinhu
Li Renhai, director wekuchengetedza kugadzirwa kweYizheng Chemical Fiber Kambani uye mukuru wekutsvagisa nekusimudzira timu yebiodegradable zvinhu purojekiti.
Parizvino, kuvandudzwa kwemapurasitiki anoodegradable achiri kutarisana nematambudziko akawanda. Nguva pfupi yadarika, Gwaro Rekutsvagisa pamusoro peEnvironment Impact Assessment uye Policy Tsigiro yeDegradable Plastics, yakaongororwa pamwe chete neSinopec neTsinghua University, yakaburitswa zviri pamutemo. Kuburikidza nekuferefeta kwakadzama uye ongororo, gwaro rekutsvagisa rakakurudzira kekutanga iyo evaluation index system yemapurasitiki anoparara ane kuparara semusimboti kana achienzaniswa nemapurasitiki echinyakare, uye akaongorora nzira inogoneka yekushandisa yemapurasitiki anoparara kubva munharaunda nehupfumi. Isu tinotenda kuti tsvakiridzo iyi ipfungwa inotungamira kutungamira kusimudzira kwepamusoro kweiyo biodegradable plastiki indasitiri. Chirevo chekutsvagisa chinoisa pamberi matambudziko akadai sekupokana kwemaitiro mukushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvinoodza uye kusakosha-kukosha kwekushandisa zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvinoodza mumunda wezvipenyu zvakajairwa.
Sinopec ndiyo yakakura kugadzira resin inogadzira pasirese. Iyo inogara ichikurudzira kukura kwegirinhi uye inonamira kukosha kutsvagiridzo, kusimudzira uye kushandiswa kwemapurasitiki anoshatisa. Ndiyo yekutanga nhengo bhizinesi muChinese Mainland. Yizheng Chemical Fiber inoenderera mberi nekutsvagisa nekugadzira dzakatevedzana dzegirinhi, nharaunda-hushamwari, kudzokororwa, kudzokororwa uye kuparara zvepolymer zvinhu kuburikidza nekutsvaga pamwe nekugadzira, kusimbisa tsvakiridzo yehunyanzvi, kuvandudza kugona kwekugadzira, uye kuedza kuwedzera firimu rekurima nemimwe misika, kuwana yakakwirira. hunhu uye budiriro inoenderera mberi, uye ramba uchisimudzira pesvedzero yeindasitiri yeSinopec's biodegradable material element brand, "Ecorigin", Uyezve kusimudzira kusvetuka kwezvinhu zvinoparara kubva ku "chigadzirwa" kuenda ku "standard" uye kubva "chigadzirwa" kuenda ku "brand", uye gadzira kadhi idzva rakasvibira uye rakachena rebhizinesi reSinopec.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-08-2023