Vatengi munharaunda yanhasi vanobhadhara zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya kutarisisa kune iyo pfungwa yekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye vazhinji vatengi 'tsanangudzo yemhando yechigadzirwa yachinja chinyararire.Iyo intuitive maonero echigadzirwa 'kunhuwa' kwavewo chimwe chezviratidzo zvikuru zvevatengi kuti vaongorore mhando yechigadzirwa.Kazhinji vatengi vanongotaura nezvechigadzirwa chakadai sekuti: "Paunovhura pasuru, kune kunhuhwirira kwepurasitiki kwakasimba, kunotyisa kwazvo" kana "Paunovhura bhokisi reshangu, pane kunhuhwirira kwakasimba kweglue, uye chigadzirwa chinonzwa. pasi".Mhedzisiro yacho haigoneki kune vakawanda vanogadzira.Kunhuwa ndiko kunzwa kwakanyanya kwevatengi.Kana kurongeka kwakaringana kuchidikanwa, isu tinofanirwa kunzwisisa pfungwa yeVOCs.
1. Chii chinonzi VOCs uye kupatsanurwa kwavo?
VOCs ndiko kudimburirwa kwezita rechirungu "Volatile Organic Compounds" yezvinoputika organic compounds.Ose maChinese volatile organic compounds uye English volatile organic compounds akareba, saka itsika kushandisa VOCs kana VOC kwenguva pfupi.TVOC(Total Volatile Organic Compounds) inotsanangurwa zvichienderana nemimwe mwero: yakatorwa neTenax GC uye Tenax TA, yakaongororwa neiyo isiri-polar chromatographic column (polarity index isingasviki gumi), uye nguva yekuchengeta iri pakati pe n-hexane uye n-hexadecane. Izwi rinowanzoreva volatile organic compounds.Inoratidza huwandu hwese hweVOCs uye parizvino ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwabvunzo zvinodiwa. SVOC(Semi Volatile Organic Compounds): Iwo organic makomisheni aripo mumhepo haasi maVOC chete.Mimwe organic komisheni inogona kuvapo panguva imwe chete munzvimbo ine gasi uye chidimbu chinhu pakamuri tembiricha, uye reshiyo muzvikamu zviviri izvi inoshanduka sezvo tembiricha inochinja.Mishonga yakadaro inonzi semi-volatile organic compounds, kana maSVOCs kwenguva pfupi.NVOCKune zvakare mamwe organic komisheni anongowanikwa mune tunhu tunhu patembiricha yekamuri, uye iwo asiri-anovhiririka organic makomisheni, anonzi maNVOCs.Kunyangwe ari maVOC, maSVOC kana maNVOC mumhepo, vese vanotora chikamu mumhepo yemakemikari uye maitiro emuviri, uye mamwe acho anogona kukanganisa hutano hwevanhu.Vanounza mhedzisiro yezvakatipoteredza kusanganisira kukanganisa kunaka kwemhepo, kukanganisa mamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro ekunze, nezvimwe.
2. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinonyanya kuwanikwa mumaVOC?
Zvinoenderana nechimiro chemakemikari evolatile organic compounds (VOCs), anogona zvakare kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvisere: alkanes, anonhuwirira hydrocarbons, alkenes, halogenated hydrocarbons, esters, aldehydes, ketoni uye mamwe macompound.Kubva pakuona kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, inonyanya kureva rudzi rwekuvhuvhuta organic komisheni ine inoshanda makemikari zvinhu.MaVOC akajairika anosanganisira benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, trichlorethylene, chloroform, trichloroethane, diisocyanate (TDI), diisocyanocresyl, nezvimwe.
Njodzi dzeVOCs?
(1) Kushatirwa uye chepfu: Kana maVOC achinge adarika kumwe kusungirirwa, anotsamwisa maziso uye nzira yekufema yevanhu, zvichikonzera kurwara kweganda, kurwadziwa kwehuro uye kuneta;VOCs inogona kupfuura nyore muropa-brain barriers uye kukuvadza iyo yepakati tsinga system;VOCs inogona kukuvadza chiropa chemunhu, itsvo, uropi uye nerve system.
(2) Carcinogenicity, teratogenicity uye yekuberekesa system chepfu.Zvakadai se formaldehyde, p-xylene (PX), nezvimwe.
(3) Greenhouse effect, zvimwe zvinhu zveVOCs ozone precursor zvinhu, uye photochemical reaction yeVOC-NOx inowedzera huwandu hwe ozone muatmospheric troposphere uye inowedzera greenhouse effect.
(4) Kuparadzwa kweOzone: Pasi pekuita kwechiedza chezuva nekupisa, inotora chikamu mukuita kwenitrogen oxides kuti iumbe ozone, iyo inotungamira kune husina kunaka hwemhepo uye ndicho chikamu chikuru chephotochemical smog uye mhute yemuguta muzhizha.
(5) PM2.5, maVOC ari mumhepo anotora 20% kusvika 40% yePM2.5, uye chikamu chePM2.5 chinoshandurwa kubva kuVOCs.
Sei makambani achifanira kudzora maVOC mune zvigadzirwa?
- 1. Kushaikwa kwechigadzirwa chepamusoro uye mapoinzi ekutengesa.
- 2. Homogenization yezvigadzirwa uye kukwikwidza kunotyisa.Hondo yemitengo yakonzera kuti purofiti yemakambani idzikire, zvichiita kuti isaenderere mberi.
- 3. Zvichemo zvevatengi, wongororo dzakaipa.Ichi chinhu chine simba guru paindasitiri yemotokari.Apo vatengi vanosarudza motokari, kuwedzera kune zvinodiwa zvekushanda, chiratidzo chekunhuhwirira kunobudiswa kubva mukati memotokari zvakakwana kushandura sarudzo yekupedzisira.
4. Mutengi anoramba uye anodzorera chigadzirwa.Nekuda kwenguva yakareba yekuchengetera munzvimbo yakavharwa yemidziyo yemidziyo yemumba, kunhuhwirira kwakanyanya kana mudziyo wavhurwa, izvo zvinoita kuti mushandi wekutakura arambe kuburitsa chigadzirwa, mutengi achiramba, kana kuti anoda kunyatso. kuongorora kunobva kunhuwa, kuongororwa kwengozi, nezvimwewo Kana chigadzirwa chinobudisa kunhuhwirira kwakasimba panguva yekushandiswa (se: air fryer, oven, heat and air conditioning, etc.), zvichiita kuti vatengi vadzose chigadzirwa.
5. Zvinodiwa zvemitemo nemirau.Kuvandudzwa kweEU kwazvino kweformaldehyde emission zvinodiwamuAnnex XVII yeREACH (inosungirwa zvinodiwa) inoisa pamberi pepamusoro zvinodiwa zvekutengesa kunze kwenyika zvigadzirwa zvebhizinesi.Mumakore achangopfuura, zvinodiwa nenyika yangu pakutonga kweVOCs zvave zvichiwanzoitika, kunyangwe kumberi kwenyika.Semuyenzaniso, mushure mechiitiko che "poisonous runway" chakakwezva kutarisisa kwakawanda munharaunda, mitemo yenyika inosungirwa nzvimbo dzemitambo yepurasitiki yakaunzwa.Blue Sky Defense yakatanga nhevedzano yezvinosungirwa zvinodiwanokuda kwezvigadzirwa zvezvigadzirwa nezvimwe zvakadaro.
TTSyakagara yakazvipira mukutsvagisa nekuvandudza tekinoroji yeVOC yekuona, ine timu yehunyanzvi yehunyanzvi uye seti yakakwana yekuedzamidziyo, uye inogona kupa vatengi masevhisi-akamira kubva pachigadzirwa chemhando yekudzora kusvika kune yekupedzisira chigadzirwa VOC traceability.Poshi.Nezve VOC kuyedzwaVOC yekuyedza sevhisi inogona kutora nzira dzakasiyana dzakanangwa dzezvigadzirwa zvakasiyana uye zvinangwa zvakasiyana: 1. Raw zvinhu: micro-cage bhegi nzira (sampling bhegi yeyakakosha VOC bvunzo), yekupisa yekuongorora nzira 2. Yakapedzwa chigadzirwa: bhegi Standard nzira VOC nharaunda warehouse nzira ( zvirevo zvakasiyana zvinoenderana nehukuru hwakasiyana hwezvigadzirwa) zvinoshanda kune: zvipfeko, shangu, matoyi, midziyo midiki, nezvimwe. , nezvimwewo) kana kuongororwa kwese kwemidziyo mikuru yemumba (mafiriji, air conditioners).Kune midziyo yemagetsi yemumba, kuongororwa kaviri kwekumhanya uye kusashanda kwemuchina wese kunogona kuitwa kutevedzera kuburitswa kweVOC kwechigadzirwa munzvimbo yekufambisa kana yekamuri yekushandisa.Chechipiri: Kuongorora kunhuwa TTSyanga ichishanda muVOC yekuongorora masevhisi kwenguva yakareba, uye ine yayo yehunyanzvi hwema "golden nose" timu yekuongorora, iyo inogona kupayakarurama, chinangwauyefairhwema rating masevhisi kune zvigadzirwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-07-2023