Sechinhu chakakosha, kushandiswa kwezvizoro kwakasiyana kubva kune zvakajairika zvinhu. Iine simba rakasimba rechiratidzo. Vatengi vanobhadhara zvakanyanya kumufananidzo wevagadziri vezvizoro uye mhando yezvigadzirwa zvezvizoro. Kunyanya, hunhu hwemhando yezvizoro hazviparadzaniswe kubva pakuchengetedza chigadzirwa (kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwekushandiswa kwenguva refu), kugadzikana (kuona kugadzikana kwenguva refu), uye kubatsira (kubatsira kuchengetedza zvakajairwa physiological mabasa eganda. uye iyo inopenya mhedzisiro) uye usability (yakasununguka kushandisa, inonakidza kushandisa), uye kunyangwe zvinodiwa nevatengi. Pakati pavo, kuchengetedzeka kwakanyanya uye kugadzikana kunofanirwa kuvimbiswa kuburikidza nedzidziso uye nzira dzemicrobiology uye biochemistry.
Mitemo yekuongorora yezvizoro
1.basic terminology
(1)Zvinhu zvekuongorora nguva dzose.Inoreva zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuongororwa kune rimwe nerimwe batch rezvigadzirwa, zvinosanganisira zviratidzo zvemuviri nemakemikari, zviratidzo zvekunzwa, huwandu hwese hwebhakitiriya mune hutsanana zviratidzo, huremu zviratidzo uye chitarisiko chinodiwa.
(2) Zvinhu zvisingatarisirwi zvekuongorora. Inoreva zvinhu zvisina kuongororwa batch nebatch, senge zvinhu kunze kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwebhakitiriya muzviratidzo zvehutsanana.
(3) Bata zvakakodzera. Inoreva maitiro ekusarudza ekubvisa ega ega zvigadzirwa kubva kune yese batch yezvizoro pasina kukuvadza kutengesa kurongedza.
(4) Muenzaniso. Inoreva saizi yese yemuenzaniso yebatch yega yega.
(5) Unit chigadzirwa. Zvinoreva chidimbu chimwe chezvizoro, chine mabhodhoro, zvimiti, mabhegi nemabhokisi sezvikamu zvekuverengera.
2.Inspection classification
(1) Delivery kuongorora
Zvigadzirwa zvisati zvabuda mufekitori, dhipatimendi rekuongorora remugadziri rinovaongorora batch nebatch zvinoenderana nemhando yechigadzirwa. Zvigadzirwa chete zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvinogona kutumirwa kunze. Imwe neimwe batch yezvigadzirwa zvinotumirwa kunze inofanirwa kuperekedzwa nechitupa chekuenderana. Iyo consignee inogona kupatsanura batch yekutakura kuita mabheti uye kuita ongororo zvinoenderana neyakajairwa mirau. Zvinhu zvekuongorora kuendesa zvinhu zvenguva dzose zvekuongorora.
(2)Type inspection
Kazhinji, kwete isingasviki kamwe chete pagore. Kuongorora kwemhando kunofanirwawo kuitwa pasi pemamwe mamiriro anotevera.
1) Kana paine shanduko huru muzvigadzirwa, maitiro, uye mafomula zvinogona kukanganisa kuita kwechigadzirwa.
2) Kana chigadzirwa chichitangazve kugadzirwa mushure mekumiswa kwenguva refu (kupfuura mwedzi mitanhatu).
3) Kana iyo fekitori yekuongorora mhedzisiro yakasiyana zvakanyanya neyekupedzisira mhando yekuongorora.
4) Kana iyo yenyika yemhando yekutarisa agency inokurudzira mhando yekuongorora zvinodiwa.
Mhando yekuongorora zvinhu zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvekuongorora zvenguva dzose uye zvisiri zvenguva yekuongorora zvinhu.
3.Sampling
Zvigadzirwa zvine maitiro akafanana, marudzi, uye mazuva ekugadzira zvinoonekwa sebatch rimwe chete. Iye consignee anogona zvakare kuendesa zvigadzirwa mubatch rimwe.
(1) Delivery yekuongorora sampling
Sampling yekurongedza kutaridzika kwekutarisa zvinhu zvichaitwa zvinoenderana neyechipiri sampling chirongwa cheGB/T 2828.1-2003. Pakati pavo, iyo isina kukodzera (yakaremara) classification classification level (II) uye qualified quality level (AQL: 2.5/10.0) inotsanangurwa muTebhu 8-1.
Zvinhu zvinoparadza bvunzo zvinotorwa zvinoenderana neiyo GB/T 2828.1-2003 yechipiri sampling chirongwa, uko IL=S-3 uye AQL=4.0.
Izvo zviri mukati mekurongedza kutaridzika kwekutarisa zvinhu zvinotsanangurwa mutafura.
Cherechedza: ① Ichi chirongwa bvunzo inoparadza.
Sampling yekuongorora zviratidzo zvekunzwa, zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari uye zviratidzo zvehutsanana. Samples inowirirana inosarudzwa zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvekuongorora zvekuongorora zvakasiyana-siyana zvekunzwa, zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari zviratidzo uye hutsanana zviratidzo.
Pakutariswa kwemhando (kugona) index, sarudza zvisina tsarukano gumi remayuniti samples uye uyera avhareji kukosha zvinoenderana neinoenderana chigadzirwa chiyero bvunzo nzira.
(2) Mhando yekuongorora sampling
Zvinhu zvekuongorora zvechinyakare mukuongororwa kwemhando zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yekuongorora kuendesa, uye sampling haidzokororwe.
Kune zvisingaenzaniswi zvinhu zvekuongorora zvemhando yekuongorora, 2 kusvika ku3 mayunitsi emasampuli anogona kutorwa kubva kune chero batch yezvigadzirwa uye kuongororwa zvinoenderana nenzira dzakatsanangurwa mumiyero yechigadzirwa.
4.Decision mitemo
(1) Delivery kuongorora uye kutsunga mitemo
Kana zviratidzo zvehutsanana zvikasasangana nezviyero zvinoenderana, batch yezvigadzirwa ichatongwa seisina kukodzera uye haizobva mufekitori.
Kana chero yezviratidzi, zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari zviratidzo zvikasasangana neanoenderana zvigadzirwa zviyero, izvo zviratidzo zvinotenderwa kuti zviongororwezve, uye kupa uye kudiwa mapato pamwe anotora samples. Kana ivo vachiri vasina kukodzera, batch yezvigadzirwa ichatongwa seisina kukodzera uye haizobva mufekitori.
Kana iyo yemhando (capacity) indekisi isingaenderane neanoenderana zvigadzirwa zviyero, kaviri kuongororazve kunobvumidzwa. Kana ichiri kutadza, batch yezvigadzirwa ichatongwa sebhechi rakakundikana.
(2) Mhando yekutonga kutonga mitemo
Mitemo yekutonga yezvinhu zvechinyakare zvekuongorora mumhando yekuongorora yakafanana neiyo yekuongorora kuendesa.
Kana imwe yezvisiri zvenguva yekuongorora zvinhu mumhando yekuongorora isingaenderane nezviyero zvechigadzirwa, batch yese yezvigadzirwa ichatongwa kunge isina kukodzera.
(3) Arbitration kuongorora
Kana gakava ramuka pakati pevanopa uye vanodiwa pamusoro pemhando yechigadzirwa, mapato ese ari maviri achaita ongororo yesampling zvinoenderana nechiyero ichi, kana kupa chiteshi chepamusoro chepamusoro kuti chiite ongororo.
5.transfer mitemo
(1) Kunze kwekunge zvatsanangurwa neimwe nzira, ongororo yakajairika ichashandiswa pakutanga kwekuongorora.
(2)Kubva pakuongorora kwakajairika kusvika pakuongorora kwakasimba. Panguva yekuongorora kwakajairwa, kana mabheji maviri kubva pamabheji mashanu akateedzana akatadza kuongororwa kwekutanga (kusingabatanidze mabheji akaunzwa kuti aongororwe zvakare), batch rinotevera rinozoendeswa kuongororo yakasimba.
(3) Kubva pakuongorora kwakaomeswa kusvika pakuongorora kwakajairika. Kana kuongororwa kwakasimba kuchiitwa, kana 5 akateedzana mabheji akapfuura kuongororwa kwekutanga (kusingabatanidze kuendesazve kuendesa mabhechi ekuongorora), kuongororwa kwebhechi rinotevera rinozoendeswa kune yakajairika kuongororwa.
6.Check kumira uye tangazve
Mushure mekunge kuongororwa kwakasimba kwatanga, kana huwandu hwemabheti asina kukodzera (kusanganisa mabheti akaunzwa kuti aongororwe zvakare) akaunganidza kusvika ku5 batches, kuongororwa kwechigadzirwa kuchamiswa kwenguva pfupi.
Mushure mekuongororwa kwamiswa, kana mugadziri akatora matanho ekuita kuti mabheti akaunzwa kuti aongororwe asangane kana kudarika zvakajairwa zvinodiwa, ongororo yacho inogona kutangwazve nemvumo yeane masimba. Kazhinji inotanga nekuongorora kwakasimba.
7.Kurasa mushure mekuongorora
Kune mhando (kugona) mabheti asina kukodzera uye Chikamu B asina kukodzera mabheti, mugadziri anobvumidzwa kuendesa iwo kuti aongororwe zvakare mushure mekurapwa kwakakodzera. Tumira zvakare kuti aongororwe zvinoenderana neyakaomeswa sampling chirongwa.
Kune Chikamu C mabhechi asina kukodzera, mugadziri anoaendesa kuti aongororwe zvakare mushure mekurapwa kwakakodzera, uye iwo anozoongororwa zvinoenderana neakasimba sampling chirongwa kana kubatwa kuburikidza nenhaurirano pakati pevanopa uye vanodiwa mapato.
Cosmetic Stability Test Method
Heat resistance bvunzo chinhu chakakosha chekuyedza kugadzikana kwemafuta, lotions uye zvizoro zvemvura, senge bvudzi lotion, lipstick, moisturizing lotion, conditioner, bvudzi dhayi lotion, shampoo, kugeza muviri, kuchenesa kumeso, mousse yebvudzi, Zvigadzirwa zvakaita semafuta nemafuta. vanosungirwa kuita miedzo yekudzivirira kupisa.
Nekuti kutaridzika kweakasiyana ekuzora kwakasiyana, izvo zvinodzivirira kupisa zvinodikanwa uye bvunzo dzekushandisa nzira dzezvakasiyana zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana zvishoma. Zvisinei, nheyo dzekutanga dzebvunzo dzakafanana, ndiko kuti: tanga wagadzirisa tembiricha yemagetsi inogara ku (40 ± 1) ° C, wozotora masampuli maviri, isa imwe yacho mumagetsi anogara achipisa tembiricha kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana, tora. iyo kunze, uye dzokera kune kamuri tembiricha. Wobva waienzanisa neimwe sample kuti uone kana ine kuonda, discoloration, delamination uye kuoma shanduko kutonga kupisa kwechigadzirwa.
2.Cold resistance test
Kufanana nekupisa kupisa bvunzo, iyo inotonhora yekudzivirira bvunzo zvakare yakakosha kugadzikana bvunzo chinhu chemafuta, lotions uye zvigadzirwa zvemvura.
Saizvozvo, nekuti akasiyana marudzi ezvizoro ane chitarisiko chakasiyana, izvo zvinotonhora zvekuramba zvinodiwa uye nzira dzekuyedza dzekushandisa dzezvakasiyana zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana zvishoma. Zvisinei, nheyo dzekutanga dzebvunzo dzakafanana, kureva: tanga wagadzirisa firiji ku (-5 ~ -15) ℃ ± 1 ℃, wozotora masampuli maviri, isa imwe yacho mufiriji kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana, ibudise. , woidzorerazve. Mushure mekushisa kwekamuri, enzanisa neimwe sampuli kuti uone kana ine kuonda, kushanduka kwemavara, delamination uye kuoma shanduko kutonga kutonhora kwechigadzirwa.
3.Centrifuge test
Iyo centrifugal bvunzo bvunzo yekuyedza hupenyu hwesherufu yemafuta ekuzora. Iyo inodiwa yekuyedza nzira yekumhanyisa bvunzo yekuparadzanisa. Semuyenzaniso, face cleanse, moisturizing lotion, hair dye lotion, etc. zvese zvinoda centrifuged. Iyo nzira ndeye: isa sampu mu centrifuge, kuyedza nekumhanya kwe (2000 ~ 4000) r/min kwemaminetsi makumi matatu, uye tarisa kuparadzaniswa uye stratification yechigadzirwa.
4.Color kugadzikana bvunzo
Muedzo wekugadzikana kwemavara bvunzo yekutarisa kuti ruvara rwezvizoro zvemavara rwakagadzikana here. Sezvo kuumbwa uye zvimiro zvemhando dzakasiyana dzezvizoro zvakasiyana, maitiro avo ekuongorora akasiyanawo. Semuenzaniso, bvunzo yekugadzikana kwemavara yebvudzi lotion inoshandisa iyo ultraviolet irradiation nzira, uye bvunzo yekugadzikana kwemavara yemafuta epefiyumu nemvura yechimbuzi inoshandisa yekuomesa oveni yekudziya nzira.
General yekuongorora nzira dzezvizoro
1. Kutsunga kwepH kukosha
Iyo pH kukosha kweganda remunhu kazhinji iri pakati pe4.5 ne6.5, ine acidic. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ganda rakakamurwa kuita ganda uye dikita, iro rine acidic zvinhu zvakaita selactic acid, free amino acids, uric acid, uye fatty acids. Zvinoenderana nehunhu hwehunhu hweganda, cream uye lotion cosmetics inofanirwa kunge iine akasiyana pH kukosha kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana. Naizvozvo, pH kukosha kwakakosha kwekuita chiratidzo chezvizoro.
Weresa chikamu chemuenzaniso (chaizvo kusvika 0.1g), wedzera zvikamu gumi zvemvura yakanyungudutswa kakawanda, simbisa nguva dzose, kupisa kusvika ku40 ° C kuti iparadze zvachose, inotonhorera kusvika (25±1) °C kana tembiricha yekamuri, uye isa. parutivi.
Kana chiri chigadzirwa chine mafuta akawandisa, chinogona kupiswa kusvika (70 ~ 80) ℃, uye mushure mekutonhora, bvisa chivharo chemafuta kuti chizoshandiswa gare gare; Zvigadzirwa zvehupfu zvinogona kunyoroveswa uye kusefa kuti zvizoshandiswa gare gare. Edza kukosha kwepH maererano nemirairo yemamita epH.
2. Kutsunga kwe viscosity
Kana mvura ichiyerera pasi pesimba rekunze kwesimba, kuramba pakati pemamorekuru ayo kunonzi viscosity (kana viscosity). Viscosity chinhu chakakosha chemuviri chezvinwiwa uye chimwe cheakakosha emhando zviratidzo zvekrimu uye lotion cosmetics. Viscosity inowanzoyerwa neinotenderera viscometer.
Cashmere i cashmere yakanaka inomera pamidzi yemvere dzembudzi. Sezvo dhayamita rayo rakatetepa kupfuura makushe emakwai, rinokwanisa kuchengetedza mhepo yakawanda, saka rine zvinhu zvakanaka zvekudzivirira kupisa uye iri chombo chematsenga kuti mbudzi dzimire muchando. Uye nekuda kwekuti zviyero zviri pamusoro pecashmere fiber zvakatetepa uye zvinonyatso kunamatira kune tambo dzefiber, zvigadzirwa zvecashmere zvine kupenya kuri nani, kunzwa kwakapfava uye kushoma kuunyana pane zvigadzirwa zvemvere. Mbudzi padzinoraura vhudzi radzo muchirimo chega chega, cashmere inowanikwa nekukamiwa kwekugadzira. Zvinotora mvere dzembudzi shanu kuruka 250g cashmere juzi. Nekuda kwekushomeka kwezvinobuda, cashmere inozivikanwawo se "goridhe nyoro".
3. Kuyera kwehuturu
Perfume, mvura yemusoro uye zvigadzirwa zvelotion kana mamwe mvura asina kunyungudika asina kupatsanurwa zvachose nekuda kwekusakwana static kuchembera nguva, kana nekuda kwechinhu chisinganyunguke muhunhu senge dipping gum uye absolute wax yemukati zvakanyanyisa, zviri nyore kukonzera Chigadzirwa. kunova nemakore, uye kusviba ndeimwe yemhando huru nyaya neizvi zvekuzora. Turbidity inonyanya kuyerwa nekuongororwa kwekuona.
(1) Nheyo dzinokosha
Edza kujekesa kwemuenzaniso mubhati remvura kana imwe firiji.
(2) Reagents
Ice cubes kana mvura yechando (kana mamwe mafiriji akakodzera 5°C yakaderera pane yakayerwa tembiricha)
(3) Matanho ekuyera
Isa zvigubhu zveaizi kana mvura yechando mubeaker, kana mamwe mafiriji akakodzera ari 5°C yakaderera pane tembiricha yakayerwa.
Tora zvikamu zviviri zvemuenzaniso uye uzvidururire mune maviri pre-yakaomeswa φ2cm × 13cm girazi test tubes. Kureba kwemuenzaniso ndeye 1/3 yehurefu hwechubhu yekuedza. Batai muromo wechubhu yekuyedza zvakasimba nechivharo cheserial thermometer kuitira kuti girobhu remercury rethermometer rive pakati pesample.
Isa imwe φ3cm × 15cm test chubhu kunze kwechubhu yebvunzo kuitira kuti test tube ine sampu iri pakati pekasi. Chenjera kuti usaite kuti pasi pemachubhu maviri ebvunzo abate. Isa chubhu yebvunzo mubeaker ine firiji kuti itonhorere pasi, kuitira kuti tembiricha yemuyedzo ideredze zvishoma nezvishoma, uye tarisa kana sampuro yakajeka kana yasvika pane yakatarwa tembiricha. Shandisa imwe sampuli sekutonga paunenge uchitarisa. Dzokorora kuyerwa kamwe chete uye zvigumisiro zviviri zvinofanira kuenderana.
(4) Kuratidzwa kwemigumisiro
Patembiricha yakataurwa, kana sampu ichiri kujeka seyekutanga sampuli, mhedzisiro yebvunzo yemuyedzo yakajeka uye kwete turbid.
(5) Kungwarira
① Iyi nzira inokodzera kugadzwa kwe turbidity yezvinonhuwira, mvura yemusoro uye zvigadzirwa zve lotion.
②Samples akasiyana ane akasiyana akataurwa index tembiricha. Semuenzaniso: perfume 5 ℃, mvura yechimbuzi 10 ℃.
4.Kutsunga kwehuwandu hwehama
Relative density (relative density) zvinoreva chiyero chehuremu hwehumwe vhoriyamu kuhuwandu hwehuwandu hwemvura. Icho chiratidzo chakakosha chekuita chemvura yekuzora.
5.Kutsunga kwekugadzikana kwemavara
Ruvara chinhu chakakosha chekuita chiratidzo chezvizoro, uye kugadzikana kwemavara ndeimwe yemhando huru nyaya dzezvizoro. Nzira huru yekuyera kugadzikana kwemavara ndeyekuongorora kwekuona.
(1) Nheyo dzinokosha
Enzanisa kuchinja kwemavara emuenzaniso mushure mekupisa kune imwe tembiricha.
(2) Matanho ekuyera
Tora zvikamu zviviri zvemuenzaniso uye uidururire mune maviri φ2 × 13cm test tubes zvichiteerana. Kureba kwemuenzaniso kunenge 2/3 yehurefu hwechubhu. Isungirire nekoki woisa imwe yacho mutembiricha yakagadziridzwa ye (48±1) ℃. Mubhokisi rekushisa rinogara riripo, vhura chivharo mushure meawa imwe, wozoichengeta yakavharirwa, uye ramba uchiisa mubhokisi rekushisa rinogara riripo. Mushure memaawa makumi maviri nemana, ibudise uye uienzanise neimwe sampuli. Hapanofanira kuva nekushanduka kwemavara.
(3) Chiratidzo chemugumisiro
Patembiricha yakataurwa, kana sampu ichiri kuchengetedza ruvara rwayo rwekutanga, mhedzisiro yemuyedzo ndeyekuti ruvara rwakagadzikana uye haruna kudzima.
6. Kutsunga essences muzvinonhuwira uye chimbuzi mvura
Kunhuhwirira kunopa zvizora kumwe kunhuwirira uye kunounza kunaka uye kunyaradza kune vashandisi. Zvinenge zvese zvekuzora zvinoshandisa kunhuhwirira, saka kunhuhwirira ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvezvizoro. Iyo inowanzoshandiswa nzira yekusarudza kunhuhwirira muzvizoro ndiyo nzira yekubvisa ether.
(1) Nheyo dzinokosha
Kushandisa musimboti wekuti essence is miscible mu diethyl ether, essence inotorwa kubva mumuenzaniso ine diethyl ether, uye ether inobviswa yozoyerwa kuti iwane essence content.
(2) Reagents
①Ether, anhydrous sodium sulfate
②Sodium chloride mhinduro: Wedzera yakaenzana vhoriyamu yemvura yakanyungudutswa kune yakazara sodium chloride mhinduro.
(3) Matanho ekuyera
Nyatsoyera (20 ~ 50) g yemuenzaniso kuti iongororwe (yakarurama kusvika 0.000 2 g) mu 1 L pear-shaped separatory funnel, uye wobva wawedzera 300 mL ye sodium chloride solution. Wobva wawedzera 70 mL yediethyl ether, zunza, uye rega kumira kuti uparadzanise zvidimbu. Ita chidimbu chezvikamu zvitatu. Isa matatu ethyl ether zvinyorwa pamwe chete mu 1 L pear-shaped separatory funnel, wedzera 200 mL ye sodium chloride solution, zunza uye geza. , rega kumira pakuisa, kurasira sodium chloride solution, endesa iyo ether yakatorwa kune 500 mL yakamisa Erlenmeyer flask, wedzera 5 g anhydrous sodium sulfate, zunza, yakaoma uye dehydrate. Sefa mushonga mubeaker yakaoma uye yakachena 300 mL, sukurudza Erlenmeyer flask nekamwe kaether, batanidza zvinobuda mubeaker, woisa beaker mu50°C mvura yekugezera kuti ibude. Kana iyo mhinduro ichikwira kusvika ku 20 mL, endesa mhinduro kune pre-yakayerwa 50 mL beaker, ramba uchiita evaporation kusvika ether yabviswa, isa beaker mu desiccator, vacuum uye kuderedza kumanikidzwa ku (6.67 × 10³) Pa, uye nzvimbo. iyo kwe1h, kuyera.
(4) Mhedzisiro kuverenga
Huwandu hwechikamu w cheiyo ether inotorwa inoverengerwa maererano neformula inotevera.
w=(m1-m0)/m
Muchidimbu: m0——huwandu hwebeaker, g;
m1——Huremu hwebeaker neether extract, g;
m——sample mass, g.
(5) Kungwarira
①Iyi nzira inokodzera zvizorwa zvakaita seperfume, cologne uye mvura yechimbuzi.
②Chikanganiso chinotenderwa chezvakaenderana bvunzo mhinduro ndeye 0.5%.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-17-2024