Ceramics dzinoshandiswa zuva nezuva dzinowanzoreva midziyo muhupenyu hwevanhu hwezuva nezuva, senge tableware, seti yetii, seti dzewaini kana zvimwe midziyo. Nekuda kwekuda kukuru kwemusika, semuongorori, kune mikana yakawanda yekusangana nezvigadzirwa zvakadaro. Nhasi, ini ndichagovana newe ruzivo nezve kuongororwa kwemazuva ese-kushandisa ceramics.
Musiyano Pakati Pottery uye Porcelain
Musiyano pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzeceramics
Kuongororwa kwekurongedza
Chekutanga pane zvese, kuongororwa kwekurongedza kunofanirwa kuitwa zvinoenderana nechibvumirano chakasainwa nemapato ese. Kurongedza kwekunze kunofanirwa kuve kwakasimba, uye jira remukati rinofanira kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvinovhundutsa; zvikamu zvechigadzirwa, senge teapot uye chivharo, zvinofanira kupatsanurwa nepepa rakapfava. Kunze kwebhokisi rekutakura (bhasiki), panofanira kuva nezviratidzo zve "zvinhu zvisina kusimba" uye "zvinhu zvinodzivirira unyoro".
Mushure mekusunungura, iwe unofanirwa kutarisa kana paine kukuvadzwa uye nhamba yezvidimbu ipfupi, uye kana zita rechigadzirwa uye mamiriro emuenzaniso anowirirana nechibvumirano. Fine porcelain inofanirawo kutarisa kukwana kwayo, sekuti nhamba yese yefine porcelain tableware museti yakakwana (inowanzozivikanwa sekuti mangani misoro) yakarurama.
Chitarisiko chakaremara chekuongorora
1. Deformation: inoreva chimiro chechigadzirwa chisingaenderane neyakatsanangurwa dhizaini.
2. Mubato wakamonyaniswa muromo nenzeve: Kureba kwemuromo nemubato wenzeve hakuna kugadzikana uye kwakatsveyama.
3. Pimple: Inoreva bundu rakasimudzwa-senge rakasimba chimiro che underglaze body.
4. Bubble: inoreva buri rakasimudzwa pane underglaze body.
5. Slag: Inoreva kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nematope akasara uye glaze zvakasara pane blank isina kubviswa.
6. Kushaikwa kwedhaka: kunoreva chiitiko chekuti muviri wakasvibira hauna kukwana.
7. Glaze bubble: inoreva mabhuru madiki ari pamusoro pe glaze.
8. Blister edge: inoreva nhevedzano yemabhuru madiki anoonekwa pamucheto wechigadzirwa muromo.
9. Kuputika kusina chinhu: Kunoreva kusvuura kwepanzvimbo kunokonzerwa nekudzora unyoro zvisina kufanira chinhu chisina chinhu chisati chapinda muchoto.
10. Fried glaze: inoreva chiitiko chekuputika pamusoro pechiso chakapenya chechigadzirwa.
11. Cracks: inoreva kukanganisa kwakakura kwakagadzirwa nekutsemuka kwema blanks uye glazes, iyo yakakamurwa kuva mhando nhatu. Yokutanga ikuparuka kwakafukidzwa nekupenya, kunonzi yin crack. Chechipiri ndechokuti glaze inoputika uye muviri hauna kuputika, iyo inonzi glaze cracking. Chechitatu ndechekuti muviri uye glaze zvakatsemuka, izvo zvinonzi kuputika kwemuviri uye kupenya.
12. Gomba rakanyungudutswa: zvinoreva buri rinogadzirwa nekunyunguduka kwefusible material panguva yekupisa.
13. Spots: zvinoreva mavara ane mavara ari pamusoro pezvinhu, anozivikanwawo sesimbi mavara.
14. Pores: inoreva maburi madiki (kana brown-eyed pig pores, pinholes) aripo pane inopenya.
15. Slag inowira: inoreva saggar ash uye mamwe slag particles akanamatira kune yakapenya pamusoro pechigadzirwa.
16. Pazasi pamucheto sticky slag: inoreva zviduku zve slag zvakanamatira kumucheto kwetsoka yechigadzirwa.
17. Needle point: tsvakiridzo yakasiiwa nerutsigiro pachigadzirwa.
18. Sticky scar: chirema chinoumbwa nekubatana pakati pemuviri wegirinhi nechinhu chekunze panguva yekupfura.
19. Munzwa wemoto: Nzvimbo ine shava yakakasharara inokonzerwa nedota renhunzi mumurazvo.
20. Kushaikwa kwe glaze: Inoreva kuderera kwechikamu chechigadzirwa.
21, orange glaze: inoreva kupenya kwakafanana neganda reorenji.
22. Mud glaze strand: inoreva tambo-yakafanana nechiitiko chemuviri wegirinhi uye nzvimbo yakapenya ichisimudzwa zvishoma.
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24. Muvara wakasviba: unoreva kutaridzika kwemavara akasiyana-siyana pamusoro pechigadzirwa chisingafaniri kuvapo.
25. Ruvara rusina kururama: rinoreva ruvara rusina kuenzana rwepatani imwe chete kana chiitiko chekushaikwa kwechiedza chinokonzerwa nekushaikwa kwemoto.
26. Kushaikwa kwemitsara: kunoreva kukanganisa kwemitsara nemicheto yakashongedzwa nemitsara.
27. Kushaya mufananidzo: Inoreva chiitiko chemufananidzo usina kukwana uye ruvara rusina kururama.
28. Ruva rakabikwa rinonamira glaze: rinoreva mavara ane mavara uye glaze kukuvadza pamusoro pechiso chakapenya chechigadzirwa panguva yekubika.
29. Tsoka dzepasi dzakasviba: Zvinoreva kumwe kusvibiswa kunonamira kutsoka dzepasi uye kushanduka.
30. Musiyano wemuvara wedhaka rakabatana remuromo nenzeve: Rudzi rwemadhaka akabatanidzwa emuromo nenzeve hazvienderani nechigadzirwa chacho pachacho.
31. Gypsum tsvina: inoreva heterochromatic phenomenon yemuviri wakasvibirira nekuda kwekunamatira kwegypsum.
32. Ndarama yeBlue: Chiitiko chebluish chinokonzerwa nesimbi yakanyanya kutetepa.
33. Kusvuta: zvinoreva kutaridzika kwegrey, dema uye brown muchikamu kana zvese zvechigadzirwa.
34. Yin yero: inoreva kune chikamu kana chakazara yellowing chechigadzirwa.
35. Glaze scratches: inoreva chiitiko che streaks uye kurasikirwa kwechidimbu kwe gloss panzvimbo yakapenya yezvigadzirwa.
36. Bump: inoreva kukanganiswa kwechikamu kana kuchekwa kwezvinhu, inozivikanwawo sekukuvara kwakaoma.
37. Rolling traces: zvinoreva arc-shaped traces inogadzirwa mukukunguruka kana kudzvanya banga.
38. Wavy pattern: inoreva wavy pateni inounzwa neasina kuenzana glaze yechigadzirwa.
Yepanyama uye yemakemikari index bvunzo
1. Muedzo wekunyudzwa kwemvura yemakeramiki emazuva ese
2. Kuongororwa kwekugadzikana kwekupisa kwemakeramiki eimba
3. Kuchena kwemakeramiki ezuva nezuva
4. Kuongororwa kwemutobvu uye kuparara kwecadmium yemazuva ese-kushandisa ceramics.
Daily Fine Porcelain Inspection
1. Zvinyorwa zveporcelain yakanaka yekushandisa zuva nezuva
Madiro echigadzirwa akakamurwa kuva akakosha, makuru, epakati, uye madiki. Izvo zvirimo zvinoratidzwa mutafura:
2. Kurongwa kweporcelain yakanaka yekushandiswa kwezuva nezuva
Daily fine porcelain yakakamurwa kuita mamakisi mana zvichienderana nekutaridzika kwemhando, uye izvo zvinodiwa ndezvizvi:
Hapana anopfuura mana marudzi ehurema pachigadzirwa chekutanga-kirasi zvigadzirwa;
Zvigadzirwa zvekirasi yechipiri hazvifanire kudarika 5 kukanganisa pachigadzirwa;
Chigadzirwa chega chega chechitatu-kirasi chigadzirwa hachifanire kudarika 6 marudzi ekuremara;
Chigadzirwa chega chega cheGrade 4 hachifanire kuve nemhando dzinopfuura 7 dzehurema;
Mukuwedzera, maererano nechiyero, inodiwawo:
1. Chiyero chekunwa kwemvura hachifaniri kudarika 0.5%.
2. Izvo zvinoda kugadzikana kwekushisa, kubva ku200 ℃ kusvika ku20 ℃ mvura, kupisa kwekushisa hakuzotseki kamwe chete (bone china haina kukwana).
3. Kuchena kwevhu chena hakuzove kwakaderera kupfuura 65%, kunze kwezvigadzirwa zvine bhuruu glaze uye yakakosha mavara maitiro.
4. Kuparara kwemutobvu panzvimbo yekubatana nechikafu hakusi kupfuura 7PPM, uye kupera kwekadhimium hakusi kupfuura 0.5PPM.
5. Diameter kushivirira. Pamadhayamita akaenzana kana anopfuura 60 mm, bvumira kubva +1.5% kusvika -1%; pamadhayamita asingasviki 60 mm, bvumira ±2%.
6. Apo hari inonyungudutswa pa 70 degrees, chivharo hachifaniri kudonha. Kana chivharo chichiendeswa kune rumwe rutivi, kureba pakati pevhavha uye spout hakufaniri kudarika 3 mm. Muromo we spout haufaniri kunge wakaderera kupfuura 3 mm kubva ku spout.
7. Rudzi rwekupenya uye ruvara rwepikicha yeseti yezvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kunge zvakangofanana, uye zvirevo uye hukuru hunofanira kuenzana.
8. Hapana frying glaze, bumping, cracking uye leakage defects inobvumirwa.
Kuongororwa kwehari yezuva nezuva
1. Zvinotsanangurwa zvehari yakanaka zuva nezuva
Madiro echigadzirwa akakamurwa kuva akakosha, makuru, epakati, uye madiki. Iyo chaiyo yemukati inoratidzwa mutafura
2. Kudhirowa kwehari yakanaka zuva nezuva
Daily fine pottery yakakamurwa kuita mamakisi matatu zvichienderana nekutaridzika kwemhando, izvo zvinodikanwa ndezvizvi:
Zvigadzirwa zvekutanga-kirasi hazvifanire kudarika 5 kukanganisa pachigadzirwa;
Zvigadzirwa zvekirasi yechipiri hazvifanire kudarika 6 kukanganisa pachigadzirwa;
Chimwe nechimwe chigadzirwa chechitatu-kirasi chigadzirwa hachifanire kudarika 8 marudzi ekuremara;
Mukuwedzera, chiyero chinoti:
1. Hunhu hwematairi hwakaoma, uye chiyero chekunwa kwemvura hachipfuuri 15%.
2. Iyo glaze yepamusoro inotsvedza uye ruvara rwakachena.
3. Thermal kugadzikana zvinodiwa, kubva ku200 ℃ kusvika ku20 ℃ mvura, kupisa kunopisa hakuzotseki kamwe chete.
4. Chigadzirwa chacho chinofanira kuva chakadzika uye chakagadzikana kana chakaiswa panzvimbo yakadzika.
5. Kushivirira kwedhayamita yechigadzirwa, kushivirira kuri + 1.5% kusvika 1% yehupamhi yakakura kupfuura kana yakaenzana ne60 mm, uye kushivirira ndeye ± 2% yehupamhi isingasviki 60 mm.
6. Kukura kwechivharo nemuromo wezvose zvakavharwa zvigadzirwa zvinofanira kunge zvakakodzera.
7. Chigadzirwa chacho hachibvumirwi kuva nefrying glaze, bumping, kuputika uye kukanganisa kwekuputika, uye hapana kuvhurika uye kuputika mabhubhu pamucheto wemuromo nemakona.
8. Kupenya kwemavara, mufananidzo uye kupenya kweseti yakakwana yezvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kunge zvakangofanana, uye zvirevo uye hukuru hunofanira kuenzana.
9. Kuparara kwemutobvu panzvimbo yekubatana nechikafu hakusi kupfuura 7PPM, uye kupera kwekadhimium hakusi kupfuura 0.5PPM.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-16-2022