EU Green Deal inoda kugadziriswa kwenyaya dzakakosha dzakaonekwa mukuongororwa kwemazuva ano kwezvokudya zvekudya (FCMs), uye kubvunzurudza kwevanhu pamusoro peizvi kuchapera musi wa 11 Ndira 2023, nechisarudzo chekomiti chinofanirwa muchikamu chechipiri che2023. Izvi nyaya hombe dzinechekuita nekusavapo kwemutemo weEU FCM uye mitemo yeEU iripo.
Iwo chaiwo ndeaya anotevera: 01 Kusashanda kwakakwana kwemusika wemukati uye zvinokwanisika kuchengetedza nyaya kune asiri epurasitiki maFCM Mazhinji maindasitiri kunze kwemapurasitiki anoshaya yakananga EU mitemo, zvichikonzera kushaikwa kweyakatsanangurwa nhanho yekuchengetedza uye nekudaro hapana hwaro hwepamutemo hwakakodzera indasitiri kushanda pakutevedza. Kunyange mitemo yakananga iripo yezvimwe zvinhu padanho renyika, izvi zvinowanzosiyana zvakanyanya munhengo dzese dzenhengo kana kuti ndezvechinyakare, zvichigadzira kuchengetedzwa kwehutano kusingaenzaniswi kuvagari veEU uye mabhizinesi anoremedza zvisina basa, senge maitiro ekuyedza akawanda. Mune dzimwe nyika nhengo, hakuna mitemo yenyika nekuti hakuna zviwanikwa zvakakwana zvekuita ivo vega. Sekureva kwevatori vechikamu, nyaya idzi dzinogadzirawo matambudziko ekushanda kwemusika weEU. Semuenzaniso, maFCM e100 bhiriyoni euros pagore, ayo angangoita maviri muzvitatu anosanganisira kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisiri zvepurasitiki, kusanganisira akawanda madiki uye epakati bhizinesi. 02 Yakanaka Runyoro Rwekunyorwa Nzira Kushaikwa kwekutarisa pachigadzirwa chekupedzisira Kupihwa kwePositive Approval Rondedzero yepurasitiki FCM yekutanga zvinhu uye zvinodiwa zvinotungamira kune yakaoma kwazvo mirairo yehunyanzvi, matambudziko anoshanda ekuita uye manejimendi, uye mutoro wakawandisa kune veruzhinji neindasitiri. . Kusikwa kwechinyorwa kwakagadzira chipingamupinyi chakakosha kuwiriranisa mitemo yezvimwe zvinhu zvakaita seinki, rubha uye zvinonamira. Pasi pezvino kugona kuongorora njodzi uye zvinotevera EU mvumo, zvingatora makore angangoita 500 kuongorora zvinhu zvese zvinoshandiswa mumaFCM asina kuwirirana. Kuwedzera ruzivo rwesainzi uye kunzwisisa kweFCMs zvakare kunopa zano kuti ongororo inogumira kuzvinhu zvekutanga haigadzirise kuchengetedzeka kwezvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira, kusanganisira tsvina uye zvinhu zvinongogadzirwa panguva yekugadzirwa. Panewo kushaikwa kwekufungisisa kweiyo chaiyo inogona kushandiswa uye hupenyu hurefu hwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira uye mhedzisiro yekuchembera kwezvinhu. 03 Kushaikwa kwekukoshesa uye kuongororwa kwezvino-zvino yezvinhu zvine njodzi Iyo ikozvino FCM framework inoshaya nzira yekukurumidza kufunga nezveruzivo rutsva rwesainzi, semuenzaniso, data rakakodzera rinogona kuwanikwa pasi peEU REACH mutemo. Panewo kushomeka kwekusagadzikana mubasa rekuongorora njodzi yezvikamu zvakafanana kana zvakafanana zvezvinhu zvakaongororwa nemamwe masangano, akadai seEuropean Chemicals Agency (ECHA), nokudaro kudiwa kwekuvandudza nzira ye "chinhu chimwe, imwe yekuongorora". Uyezve, maererano neEFSA, kuongororwa kwengozi kunodawo kunatswa kuti ivandudze kuchengetedzwa kwemapoka anotambura, ayo anotsigira zviito zvakarongwa muChemicals Strategy. 04 Kusakwana kuchinjana kwekuchengetedza uye ruzivo rwekuteedzera muketani yekugovera, kugona kuona kuti kutevedza kunokanganiswa. Pamusoro pekuita sampling yemuviri uye kuongorora, magwaro ekuteerera akakosha pakuona kuchengetedzeka kwezvinhu, uye inodonongodza kuedza kweindasitiri kuona kuchengetedzwa kweFCM. Basa rekuchengetedza. Kutsinhana kweruzivo muchikamu chezvekugovera hakunawo kukwana uye pachena zvakakwana kuti mabhizinesi ese muchikamu chekutengesa ave nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chakachengeteka kune vatengi, uye kugonesa nyika dzenhengo kuti dzitarise izvi neiyo iripo mapepa-based system. Naizvozvo, mamwe mazuvano, akarerutswa uye mamwe madhijitari masisitimu anoenderana neinoshanduka tekinoroji uye IT zviyero zvichabatsira kuwedzera kuzvidavirira, kuyerera kweruzivo uye kutevedzera. 05 Kutevedzwa kwemirairo yeFCM kunowanzova kushomeka kweNhengo dzeEU Nyika hadzina zvekushandisa zvakakwana kana hunyanzvi hwakakwana hwekusimbisa mitemo iripo kana zvasvika pakuita mirau yeFCM. Kuongororwa kwemagwaro ekuteerera kunoda ruzivo rwakanyanya, uye kusatevedzera kunowanikwa pachikonzero ichi kwakaoma kudzivirira mudare. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuteedzerwa kwazvino kunotsamira zvakanyanya pakuongorora kudzora pamusoro pezvirambidzo zvekutama. Zvisinei, pazvinenge 400 zvinhu zvine zvirambidzo zvokutama, zvinenge 20 bedzi zviri kuwanikwa nenzira dzakabvumikiswa. 06 Mitemo haitarise zvizere kukosha kweSME Iyo yazvino sisitimu inonyanya kunetsa kune maSME. Kune rimwe divi, iyo yakadzama yehunyanzvi mitemo ine chekuita nebhizinesi yakanyanya kuoma kuti vanzwisise. Nekune rimwe divi, kushaikwa kwemitemo yakananga kunoreva kuti havana hwaro hwekuona kuti zvinhu zvisiri zvepurasitiki zvinoenderana nemirairo, kana kuti hazvina zviwanikwa zvekugadzirisa mitemo yakawanda munyika dzenhengo, nokudaro zvichidzikamisa kuti zvigadzirwa zvavo zvinogona sei. kutengeswa muEU. Pamusoro pezvo, maSME kazhinji haana zviwanikwa zvekunyorera kuti zvinhu zviongororwe kuti zvibvumirwe uye zvinofanirwa kuvimba nezvikumbiro zvinotangwa nevatambi veindasitiri vakakura. 07 Mitemo haikurudzire kugadzirwa kwedzimwe nzira dzakachengeteka, dzakasimba. Zvizhinji zvenhaka zvinhu uye zvinhu zvinotenderwa zvichibva pane kushoma kuomarara kuongororwa, nepo zvitsva uye zvinhu zviri pasi pekuongororwa kwakanyanya. 08 Chiyero chekutonga hachina kunyatsotsanangurwa uye chinoda kuongororwa zvakare. Kunyange zvazvo mitemo yemazuva ano ye1935/2004 ichitaura nyaya, maererano nekubvunzurudza kwevanhu kwakaitwa panguva yekuongorora, inenge hafu yevakapindura vakataura nezvenyaya iyi vakataura kuti vaiva Zvakanyanya kuoma kuwira mukati mechikamu chemutemo we FCM uripo. . Semuenzaniso kuita machira epurasitiki etafura anoda chiziviso chekuteerera.
Chinangwa chese chechirongwa chitsva ndechekugadzira yakazara, yeramangwana-humbowo uye inotevedzwa yeFCM yekudzora nhanho paEU level inovimbisa zvakakwana kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu uye hutano hweveruzhinji, inovimbisa kushanda zvakanaka kwemusika wemukati, uye inosimudzira kuchengetedzwa. Chinangwa chayo ndechekugadzira mitemo yakaenzana kune ese mabhizinesi uye kutsigira kugona kwavo kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu zvekupedzisira uye zvinhu. Chirongwa chitsva ichi chinozadzisa chisungo cheChemicals Strategy yekurambidza kuvepo kwemakemikari ane njodzi zvakanyanya uye kusimbisa matanho anofunga nezvekusanganiswa kwemakemikari. Tichifunga nezvezvinangwa zveCircular Economy Action Plan (CEAP), inotsigira kushandiswa kwezvigadziriso zvekurongedza, inosimudzira hunyanzvi muzvinhu zvakachengeteka, zvine hushamwari, zvinogona kushandiswa zvakare uye kushandiswazve, uye inobatsira kuderedza marara echikafu. Danho iri richapawo simba nyika dziri nhengo dzeEU kuti dzitevedze nemazvo mitemo inenge yabuda. Mitemo iyi ichashandawo kune maFCM anotorwa kubva kunyika dzechitatu achiiswa pamusika weEU.
kumashure Kutendeseka nekuchengetedzeka kwechikafu chekubata zvinhu (FCMs) cheni yakakosha, asi mamwe makemikari anogona kutama kubva kuFCM achienda kuchikafu, zvichikonzera kuti mutengi aonekwe nezvinhu izvi. Nokudaro, kuitira kuchengetedza vatengi, European Union (EC) No 1935/2004 inogadza mitemo yeEU yeFMs dzose, chinangwa chekuona kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro kwehutano hwevanhu, kuchengetedza zvido zvevatengi uye kuve nechokwadi kuti inoshanda. kushanda kwemusika wemukati. Chisungo chinoda kugadzirwa kweFCMs kuitira kuti makemikoro asapinzwe muzvigadzirwa zvechikafu zvinoisa hutano hwevanhu panjodzi, uye unotara mimwe mitemo, senge iri pakunyora uye kurongeka. Iyo zvakare inobvumira kuunzwa kweiyo chaiyo mitemo yezvakananga zvinhu uye kumisikidza maitiro ekuongororwa kwenjodzi yezvinhu neEuropean Food Safety Authority (EFSA) uye pakupedzisira mvumo neKomisheni. Izvi zvakaiswa pamapurasitiki eFCM ayo akaiswa zvinodiwa uye zvinyorwa zvezvinhu zvakatenderwa zvakavambwa, pamwe nezvimwe zvirambidzo zvakaita sezvirambidzo zvekutama. Kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda, senge bepa nekadhibhodhi, simbi uye girazi zvinhu, zvinonamira, zvekupfeka, silicones uye rabha, hapana yakatarwa mitemo paEU level, chete mimwe mitemo yenyika. Izvo zvakakosha zvemitemo yeEU yazvino yakatsanangurwa muna 1976 asi ichangobva kuongororwa. Chiitiko chekushandiswa kwemutemo, mhinduro kubva kune vanobatana, uye humbowo hwakaunganidzwa kuburikidza nekuenderera mberi kwekuongorora kwemutemo weFCM hunoratidza kuti zvimwe zvezvinhu zvine chekuita nekushaikwa kwemitemo yeEU, izvo zvakonzera kusava nechokwadi nezvekuchengetedzwa kwemamwe maFCM uye kunetseka kwemusika wemukati. . Mimwezve mitemo yeEU inotsigirwa nevose vane chekuita neEU, European Parliament, indasitiri uye NGOs.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-28-2022