Mushure meChikunguru 1, 2006, European Union inochengetera kodzero yekuongorora zvisina tsarukano zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi nemagetsi zvinotengeswa pamusika. Kana chigadzirwa chikangowanikwa chisingaenderane nezvinodiwa neRoHs Directive, European Union ine kodzero yekutora matanho ekuranga sekumiswa kwekutengesa, zvisimbiso, uye faindi..
Zvichikanganiswa nedenda, kutengesa kunze kwenyika midziyo yemumba kwakakwira hutsva. Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwakaburitswa neGeneral Administration of Customs, muna 2021, kutengeswa kwemidziyo yemumba neChina kwakasvika US$98.72 bhiriyoni, kuwedzera kwegore negore kwe22.3%. Midziyo yemumba yavewo yechina kudarika mabhiriyoni zana emadhora ekuAmerica mushure mekutumira maseketi akabatanidzwa, nharembozha, uye makomputa (kusanganisira mabhuku ekunyorera) zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi emagetsi (nhamba kubva kuChina Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Mechanical and Electrical Products, iyo yakawedzera kutengesa kunze kwenyika yezvigadzirwa zvemusha wangu zvichave 118.45 bhiriyoni US madhora muna 2021) Export-scale zvigadzirwa.
China ndeimwe yevagadziri vakuru vemidziyo yemumba. Midziyo yemumba inotengeswa kunze kwenyika dzinopfuura mazana maviri (kana matunhu) mumakondinendi matanhatu pasi rose. Europe neNorth America ndiyo misika mikuru yechinyakare yezvigadzirwa zvepamba zvemunyika yangu. Mushure meChikunguru 1, 2006, European Union inochengetera kodzero yekuongorora zvisina tsarukano zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi nemagetsi zvinotengeswa pamusika. Kana chigadzirwa chikangoonekwa kuti hachienderane nezvinodiwa neRoHs Directive, European Union ine kodzero yekutora matanho ekuranga akadai sekumiswa kwekutengesa, zvisimbiso, uye faindi. Naizvozvo, kana iwe ukagadzira, kupinza kana kugovera zvinhu zvakavharwa neichi Direki, zviri mukati mezvinhu zvine njodzi muchigadzirwa hazvifanirwe kudarika mazinga anotenderwa.
1. Chii chinonzi RoHS Directive? Kuitira kuwiriranisa mitemo yenhengo dzenhengo pamusoro pekudziviswa kwekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvine njodzi mumagetsi nemidziyo yemagetsi, kumisikidza zvinhu uye maitiro ezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi nemagetsi zvigadzirwa, zviite kuti zvive nyore kune hutano hwevanhu uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kubatsira marara. midziyo yemagetsi neyemagetsi inoenderana neEnvironment zvinodiwa pakudzokorodza uye kuraswa, European Union yakapa rairo pamusoro pekurambidzwa kwekushandiswa kwezvimwe zvinhu zvine njodzi mumagetsi nemagetsi midziyo (2002/95/EC) muna Ndira 23, 2003, kureva, chirevo cheRoHS chinoda kubva musi waChikunguru 1, 2006 Kubva ipapo, zvese zvemagetsi nemagetsi zvinotengeswa mumusika weEU zvinofanirwa kurambidza kushandiswa kwesimbi dzinorema se lead, mecury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, uye zvinodzosa moto senge polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE). ) uye polybrominated biphenyl (PBB). Yakatsiviwa muna 2011 neDirective itsva (2011/65/EU). Gwaro idzva rakatanga kushanda muna Ndira 3, 2013, uye rairo yepakutanga yakabviswa panguva imwe chete. Zvinoenderana nezviri mugwaro idzva, kubva pazuva rekubviswa kwegwaro rekutanga, zvigadzirwa zvese zviri pasi peEC mucherechedzo zvinofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zveyakaderera voltage (LVD), electromagnetic kuenderana (EMC), zvine chekuita nemagetsi (ErP) uye itsva RoHS rairo panguva imwe chete. Kupinda mumusika weEU, makambani anotumira kunze zvemagetsi nemagetsi kune imwe nyika iri muEU anofanirwa kutevedzera yakatarwa mitemo yenyika inotumira kunze.
2. Ndezvipi zvakakosha zviri mugwaro idzva reRoHS? Kuenzaniswa neyekutanga RoHS rairo, iyo yakagadziridzwa yemukati yeRoHS inonyanya kuratidzwa mune zvinotevera zvinhu zvina: Chekutanga, chiyero chezvigadzirwa zvinodzorwa chawedzerwa. Zvichienderana nezvikamu zvisere zvemagetsi nemagetsi emidziyo inodzorwa neiyo yekutanga RoHS rairo, yakawedzerwa kuti ibatanidze michina yekurapa uye yekutarisisa michina. Kune dzinenge dzese midziyo yemagetsi neyemagetsi, nguva dzakasiyana dzekuuraya dzakatarwa kune dzakasiyana zvigadzirwa zvikamu. Chechipiri, suma ongororo uye yekuwedzera nzira yerondedzero yezvinhu zvinorambidzwa, gara uchiongorora nekudzokorora zvinhu zvine njodzi nemiganhu yazvo, uye kuwedzera zvinhu zvinorambidzwa nenzira yakaoma. Pakusarudza zvinhu zvinorambidzwa, kutarisisa kunofanirwawo kubhadharwa kune kurongeka pamwe nemimwe mitemo, kunyanya zvinhu zviri muAnnex XIV (SVHC Authorization List) uye Annex XVI (Restricted Substances List) yeREACH Regulation, nekuratidza chiyero chezvinhu zvinorambidzwa kuti zviongororwe mune ramangwana. . Bvumira nguva yakawanda uye gwara kune mabhizinesi kusarudza zvimwe zvekushandisa. Chechitatu, kujekesa nzira yekuregererwa, kupa nguva dzakasiyana dzekuregererwa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana zvezvigadzirwa kukurudzira makambani kugadzira mamwe maitiro akakodzera, uye kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa nguva yekuregererwa zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo. Yechina, ine chekuita neiyo CE mucherechedzo, zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zveiyo RoHS dhairekitori nyowani, zvemagetsi nemagetsi zvemagetsi hazvifanire kungozadzisa zvinodiwa zvezvinhu zvinorambidzwa, asi zvakare kuisa mucherechedzo weEC usati waisa pamusika. Musiyano mukuru pakati pechinyakare uye chitsva RoHS rairo
3. Ndeipi chiyero chezvigadzirwa zvinodzorwa neRoHS rairo?
1. Midziyo mikuru yemumba: mafiriji, michini yekuwachisa, ovheni yemicrowave, maairconditioner, nezvimwewo, kusanganisira itsva RoHS mhando yezvigadzirwa "gas grill", "gas oven" uye "gas heater".
2. Midziyo midiki yemumba: vacuum cleaners, iron yemagetsi, hair dryer, oveni, wachi, nezvimwe.
3. Tekinoroji yeruzivo nemidziyo yekutaurirana: makomputa, michina yefax, nhare, mbozhanhare, nezvimwe.
4. Zvishandiso zvemushandisi: maredhiyo, terevhizheni, mavhidhiyo erekodhi, zviridzwa zvemimhanzi, nezvimwewo, kusanganisira itsva RoHS chigadzirwa chikwata "fenicha ine mabasa emagetsi", zvakadai se "kusimudza mabhedha akarembera" uye "kusimudza zvigaro zvakatsamira".
5. Midziyo yekuvhenekesa: Mwenje weFluorescent kunze kwekuvhenekera kweimba, nezvimwewo, zvigadziridzo zvekuvhenekera
6. Zvishandiso zvemagetsi uye zvemagetsi (kunze kwemidziyo mikuru yakamira yemaindasitiri): madhiri emagetsi, lathes, welding, sprayers, nezvimwe.
. "Shangu dzinopenya".
8. Zvishandiso zvekurapa: radiation therapy apparatus, electrocardiogram tester, analytical chiridzwa, nezvimwe.
9. Monitoring uye kudzora michina: utsi detectors, incubators, fekitari monitoring uye control michina, nezvimwewo.
10. Vending michina
11. Chero imwe EEE isiri mukati mechikamu chezvikamu zviri pamusoro apa: Pamusoro pe "power switch" uye "electric suitcase", kusanganisira itsva RoHS chigadzirwa chikwata "zvipfeko zvine mabasa emagetsi", zvakadai se "mbatya dzinopisa" uye "inopenya mumvura" jaketi rehupenyu".
Zvigadzirwa zvinodzorwa neiyo RoHS rairo zvinosanganisira kwete chete yakakwana zvigadzirwa zvemuchina, asiwo zvikamu, mbishi zvinhu uye kurongedza zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira michina yakakwana, ine hukama neketani yese yekugadzira.
4. Ndezvipi zvinodikanwa zvezvinhu zvine ngozi nemiganhu yazvo? Chisungo chechina cheRoHS Directive chitsva chinoti nyika dzenhengo dzinofanirwa kuona kuti zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi nemagetsi zvakaiswa pamusika, zvinosanganisira tambo dzazvo uye zvishongedzo zvekugadzirisa kana kushandiswazve, kana kuvandudza mabasa azvo kana kuwedzera huwandu hwazvo, hazvina lead (Pb) , mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) uye polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) nezvimwe zvinhu zvitanhatu zvine ngozi. Muna 2015, iyo yakagadziridzwa dhairekitori 2015/863/EU yakapihwa, ichiwedzera iyo itsva RoHS rairo, kuwedzera DEHP (2-ethylhexyl phthalate), BBP (butyl benzyl phthalate), DBP (dibutyl phthalate), DIBP (diisobutyl phthalate) Zvina makemikari zvinhu. anonzi phthalates, senge phthalates), akapinda murondedzero yezvinhu zvinorambidzwa zvemakemikari. Mushure mekudzokororwa kwechirairo, mhando dzezvinhu zvine njodzi zvemakemikari mumidziyo yemagetsi inodzorwa neiyo RoHS dhairekitori itsva yakawedzera kusvika gumi:
1. Lead (Pb) Mienzaniso yekushandiswa kwechinhu ichi: solder, girazi, PVC stabilizers 2. Mercury (Hg) (mercury) Mienzaniso yekushandiswa kwechinhu ichi: thermostats, sensors, switches uye relays, mwenje 3. Cadmium (Cd) ) Mienzaniso yekushandiswa kwechinhu ichi: switch, springs, connectors, housings and PCBs, contacts, mabhatiri 4. Hexavalent chromium (Cr 6+) Mienzaniso yekushandiswa kwechinhu ichi: Metal anti-corrosion coatings Mienzaniso yechinhu ichi: flame retardants, PCBs, connectors, plastic housings 6. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) Mienzaniso yekushandisa chinhu ichi: flame retardants, PCBs, connectors, plastic housings ethylhexyl ester) 8. BBP (butyl benzyl phthalate) 9. DBP (dibutyl phthalate) 10 DIBP. (diisobutyl phthalate)
Panguva imwecheteyo, huwandu hwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinokuvadza mumidziyo ine homogeneous ndeiyi: lead isingadariki 0.1%, mecury isingadariki 0.1%, cadmium isingadariki 0.01%, hexavalent chromium isingadariki 0.1%, polybrominated biphenyls isingadariki 0.1%, polybrominated diphenyl diphenyl. ethers kwete kupfuura 0.1%. Makemikari mana matsva anonzi phthalates akawedzerwa ane muganhu we 0.1% imwe neimwe.
5. Chii chinonzi verification application process?
■ Danho 1. Zadza fomu rekunyorera rebvunzo reRoHS, rinogona kutorwa kubva kunzvimbo yekuongorora yeRoHS, kana kudhaunirodha kubva pawebhusaiti yenzvimbo yekuongorora yeRoHS, uye wodzoserwa mushure mekuzadza. ■ Danho 2. Kokorodzano: Mushure mekuendesa chikumbiro, mutengi anotumira sampuli (kana kuburitsa pachena) kune yekusimbisa unit, uye yekusimbisa unit inokamura sampuri zvine musoro zvichienderana nezvinodiwa, uye inodzosera kupatsanurwa kwechigadzirwa uye muripo webvunzo kune mutengi. ■ Nhanho 3. Mushure mokunge mubhadharo wagamuchirwa, muedzo ucharongwa. Kazhinji, bvunzo ichapedzwa mukati mevhiki imwe. ■ Danho 4. Buritsa rondedzero, iyo inogona kuendeswa nenhume, fax, e-mail kana inspector iye pachake.
6. Chitupa cheRoHS chinoita marii? Iwo chaiwo RoHS bvunzo mutengo unoda kuti kambani ipe chigadzirwa mapikicha uye bhiri yezvinhu, zvichienderana nekuoma kwechigadzirwa. RoHS certification yakasiyana neCCC, UL uye zvimwe zvitupa. Inongoitisa bvunzo dzekuongorora makemikari emasampuli, saka hapana chekuongorora fekitori. Kana zvigadzirwa zvikasashandurwa uye zviyero zvekuyedzwa zvikasavandudzwa, hapazove neimwe mari yekutevera.
7. Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuita ROHS certification? Parizvino, RoHS certification inonyanya kuyedza zvinhu zvitanhatu zve lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, PBB uye PBDE. Zvigadzirwa zvakajairika zvinonyorera ROHS certification. Pafungidziro yekuti vatengi vanopa masampuli uye zvinhu, iyo RoHS yekuyedza nguva yezvakajairwa zvigadzirwa ingangoita mazuva manomwe.
8. Chitupa cheROHS chinoshanda kwenguva yakareba sei? Iko hakuna inosungirwa yechokwadi nguva yeROHS certification. Kana chiyero chekuyedza cheROHS chitupa chisina kugadziridzwa zviri pamutemo, chepakutanga ROHS chitupa chinogona kushanda kwenguva yakareba.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-09-2022