Sekureva kweCNN, nhamba yevakabatwa nemoto weBronx muNew York City Meya Eric Adams muna Ndira 9, nguva yemuno, vaive 17, kusanganisira 9 vakuru. uye 8 vana vakashuma kuti zvichibva pauchapupu hwepachiitiko uye chapupu chakaona, pakutanga zvakatemwa kuti moto wakakonzerwa nemugari anoshandisa "malfunctioning" heater yenzvimbo muimba yekurara.
Nyika yedu inosungirwa chiyero chezvakakosha kuchengetedza zvinodiwa zvemukati memba uye zvinangwa zvakafanana zvakaenzana neIEC 60335-2-30: 2004, iyo inoita zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvemagetsi hita.
Kuongorora heater yemagetsi
1. Dziviriro kubva pakubata nezvikamu zvipenyu
2. Input simba uye ikozvino
3. Fivha
4. Leakage ikozvino uye simba remagetsi pakushanda tembiricha
5. Transient overvoltage
6. Kusaita unyoro
7. Leakage ikozvino uye simba remagetsi
8. Kuchengetedzwa kwekudzivirira kwevashanduri uye matunhu ane hukama
9. Kugadzikana uye mechanical ngozi
10. Mechanical simba
11. Wiring yemukati
12. Kudzika matanho
13. Clearances, creepage distances uye yakasimba insulation
14. Kupisa uye murazvo wemoto
1.Kudzivirira pakusangana nezvikamu zvipenyu
Kuvakwa uye kuvharirwa kwemudziyo kunopa dziviriro yakakwana kubva kune tsaona yekusangana nezvikamu zvipenyu.
2.Input simba uye ikozvino
Kana mudziyo wamaka nemagetsi akayereswa ekuisa, simba rekuisa mumudziyo harizotsauka kubva kune yakayerwa yekuisa magetsi nekudarika kutsauka kunoratidzwa patafura pazasi pane yakajairika tembiricha yekushandisa.
Kana mudziyo wakamisikidzwa neyakayerwa ikozvino, iyo iripo pane yakajairika tembiricha yekushanda haizobva payakayerwa ikozvino neinopfuura kukosha inoenderana yekutsauka yakapihwa mutafura iri pazasi.
3. Fivha
Munguva yekushandiswa kwakajairika, mudziyo uye nharaunda yakatenderedza haifanirwe kusvika yakanyanyisa tembiricha.
4. Leakage ikozvino uye simba remagetsi pakushanda tembiricha
4.1 Pakushanda tembiricha, iyo yekudonha ikozvino yemudziyo haifanirwe kuve yakawandisa, uye simba rayo remagetsi rinofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa. Midziyo yekudziya yemagetsi inoshanda pa 1.15 nguva dzakatemerwa simba rekuisa. Midziyo yemagetsi nemidziyo yemusanganiswa inopihwa simba pa1.06 nguva dzakatemerwa voltage. Mirayiridzo yekuisa inotsanangura kuti midziyo yezvikamu zvitatu kubva pachikamu chimwe chete inogona kushandiswa uye maseketi matatu akabatana anoenderana anogona kuyedzwa semidziyo yechikamu chimwe chete. Bvisa iyo inodzivirira impedance uye redhiyo kukanganisa sefa usati waita bvunzo iyi.
Mushure mekunge mudziyo ukaramba uchishanda kwenguva yakareba inoenderana neakanyanya kushata mukushandiswa kwakajairwa, iyo yekudonha ikozvino haipfuure zvinotevera kukosha:
- 0.25 mA yeClass II midziyo
－0.5mA yeKirasi 0, OI uye midziyo yemidziyo
- 0.75 mA yeClass I inotakurika midziyo
- 3.5mA yeKirasi I yakamira midziyo yemagetsi
- YeKirasi I yakamira yemagetsi ekudziya midziyo, 0.75mA kana 0.75 mA/kW (yakatemerwa simba rekuisa rechishandiso), chero yakakura, asi iyo yepamusoro i5mA.
Pamidziyo yakasanganiswa, iyo yakazara yekudonha ikozvino inogona kunge iri mukati memiganho inotarwa yemagetsi ekupisa midziyo kana midziyo yemagetsi, chero yakakura, asi iyo miganho miviri haigone kuwedzerwa.
5.Transient overvoltage
Mudziyo unozokwanisa kushingirira kuwedzeredza kwechinguvana kwaunokwanisa kuisirwa. Sarudza kana inokodzera nekuita pulse voltage test pane yega yega idiki pane kukosha kwakataurwa mutafura iri pazasi.
6. Kusaita unyoro
Zvivharo zvemidziyo zvinopa mwero wakakodzera wekudzivirira mvura.
7. Leakage ikozvino uye simba remagetsi
Iyo yekudonha ikozvino yemudziyo haifanirwe kuve yakawandisa, uye simba rayo remagetsi rinofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa.
Iyo AC test voltage inoiswa pakati pezvikamu mhenyu uye zvikamu zvesimbi zvinosvikika zvakabatana nesimbi foil. Iyo nharaunda yeyakabatana simbi foil haipfuure 20cmx10cm, uye iri kusangana neinosvikika pamusoro peiyo insulating zvinhu.
Test voltage:
- Kune imwe-chikamu midziyo, 1.06 nguva iyo yakatemerwa voltage;
- Kune matatu-chikamu midziyo, 1.06 nguva iyo yakayerwa voltage yakakamurwa ne /3.
Mukati memasekonzi mashanu mushure mekushandisa iyo test voltage, pima iyo yekuvuza ikozvino.
Leakage current haifanire kudarika hunhu hunotevera:
- Yemidziyo yeKirasi II: 0.25 mA
- YeKirasi 0, Kirasi 0I uye Sichuan Kirasi midziyo: 0.5mA
- YeKirasi I inotakurika midziyo: 0.75mA
- YeKirasi I yakamira midziyo yemagetsi: 3.5mA
- YeKirasi I yakamira yemagetsi ekudziya midziyo yemagetsi: 0.75mA kana 0.75mA/kW (yakatemerwa simba rekupinza rechishandiso), chero chikuru,
Asi iyo yepamusoro ndeye 5mA.
Kana vese vanodzora vane nzvimbo yakavhurika mumatanda ese, kukosha kwakataurwa pamusoro apa kune iyo leakage ikozvino muganhu inopetwa kaviri. Iyo leakage ikozvino muganho wataurwa pamusoro unozopetwa kaviri kana:
-Kune imwe chete yekupisa yedunhu inotyora pane mudziyo uye hapana mamwe madhiraivha, kana
- Yese ma thermostats, tembiricha inodzika uye masimba emagetsi haana chinzvimbo, kana
-Chishandiso chacho chine redhiyo yekukanganisa sefa. Muchiitiko ichi, iyo yekudonha ikozvino kana uchibvisa sefa haifanirwe kudarika iyo yakatarwa.
Pamidziyo yakasanganiswa, iyo yakazara yekudonha ikozvino inogona kunge iri mukati memiganhu yemagetsi ekupisa midziyo kana midziyo yemagetsi, chero ipi iyo yakakura muganho, asi iyo miganho miviri haigone kuwedzerwa pamwe chete.
Pakarepo mushure mekuedzwa kwepamusoro, kuvhara kunoiswa pasi pemagetsi eiyo sinusoidal wave yakakosha ine frequency ye50 Hz kana 60 Hz kwemaminetsi 1. Tafura inotevera inopa
Yedza voltage maitiro anoshanda kune akasiyana marudzi e insulation anopihwa. Zvikamu zvinosvikika zvezvinhu zvekudzivirira zvinofanira kuvharwa nesimbi foil.
8. Kuchengetedzwa kwekudzivirira kwevashanduri uye matunhu ane hukama
Midziyo ine dunhu inofambiswa neshanduko ichavakwa nenzira yekuti tembiricha yakawandisa irege kuitika mushanduri kana mumasekete ane hukama neshanduko apo pfupi pfupi inogona kuitika panguva yekushandiswa kwakajairika.
Kuteerera kunotariswa nekushandisa yakanyanya kuipisisa pfupi-seketi kana kuwandisa mamiriro angangoitika mukushandiswa kwakajairika. Iko magetsi emagetsi emudziyo ndeye 1.06 nguva kana 0.94 nguva yakarongerwa voltage, chero ipi zvayo isingafadzi. Tembiricha yekukwira kukosha kweiyo insulation layer yewaya mukuchengetedza yakawedzera-yakaderera voltage maseketi haifanire kudarika 15K yehukoshi hwakakosha hwakatsanangurwa muTafura 3.
9. Kugadzikana uye mechanical ngozi
Maheater anotakurika anofanira kunge akagadzikana zvakakwana. Mahita ane zvigadziko zvemudziyo anofanira kunge aine tambo yekusangana. Isa hita pakona ye 15 ° kusvika kune yakatwasuka munzvimbo isina kunaka yekushandiswa kwese. Iyo heater haifanirwe kunyura.
Iyo heater ine uremu hunopfuura 5 kg inoiswa panzvimbo yakatwasuka uye simba re5N + - 0.1N rinoiswa pamusoro peiyo heater munzira isingafadzi yakatwasuka. Iyo hita yemagetsi haifanirwe kunyura.
10. Mechanical simba
Midziyo ichange iine simba rakakwana remuchina uye ichavakwa kuti ikwanise kushingirira kurapwa uye kubata kungangoitika mukushandiswa kwakajairika. Shandisa chitubu impactor kuita bvunzo yekukanganisa pane mudziyo. Mudziyo unotsigirwa zvakasimba uye simba rekuita re 0.5J rinobatwa katatu pane imwe neimwe inogoneka isina simba yegoko remudziyo.
Kune maheater ane zvinhu zvekudziya zvinosangana zvakananga nepaneru yegirazi, chitubu chine simba chinofanirwa kushandiswa kukanganisa pani, uye simba rekuita i2 J.
Inooneka inobudisa zvinopisa zvinopisa, kunze kweiyo yakaiswa panzvimbo dzakakwirira, inofanira kuiswa kuitira kuti chikamu chepakati chechivharo chekudzivirira moto chiri panzvimbo yakatwasuka. Isa huremu hwakadzika-pasi nehukuru hwe 5 kg uye hupamhi hwe 100 mm pakati pevhavha yekudzivirira moto kwe1 min. Mushure mekuedzwa, chivharo chekudzivirira moto hachizoratidzi kushanduka kwakakosha zvachose.
11. Wiring yemukati
Nzira dzekufambisa dzinofanira kunge dzakatsetseka uye dzisina micheto yakapinza. Iyo wiring inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kuitira kuti irege kusangana nemaburrs, kutonhora zvimbi kana mipendero yakafanana iyo inogona kukonzeresa kukanganisa. Makomba esimbi anopfuudzwa newaya anofanirwa kunge aine nzvimbo yakati sandara, yakatenderedzwa kana sleeve inodzivirira. Iyo wiring inofanirwa kudzivirirwa zvinobudirira kuti isasangana nezvikamu zvinofamba, uye kukodzera kwayo kunofanirwa kutariswa nekutarisa kwekuona.
- Insulating mabedhi uye akafanana ceramic insulators pane mhenyu conductor anogadziriswa kana kutsigirwa kuitira kuti asakwanise kuchinja chinzvimbo kana kuzorora pamakona akapinza. Kana mabhero anodzivirira ari mugero resimbi inochinjika, anozovharirwa mune inodzivirira sleeve kunze kwekunge conduit isingakwanisi kufamba panguva yekushandiswa kwakajairika. Kuteerera kunotsanangurwa nekuongorora uye kuyedza nemaoko.
- Zvikamu zvakasiyana zvechishandiso zvinokwanisa kufamba zvichienderana nenguva yekushandiswa kwakajairika kana kugadzirisa kwemushandisi hazvizokonzeresa kusagadzikana pakubatanidza magetsi uye emukati makondukita, kusanganisira makondakita anopa kuenderera kwepasi. Flexible metal conduits haizokonzeri kukanganisa kuvharwa kwemakonduri ari mukati mavo. Vhura zvitubu zvecoil hazvigone kushandiswa kuchengetedza ma conductor. Kana chitubu checoil chine macoil ekubata chikashandiswa kuchengetedza kondakita, yakakodzera insulating lining inofanira kuwedzerwa kune insulation ye conductor.
- Kana kukotama kukaitika panguva yekushandiswa kwakajairwa, isa mudziyo munzvimbo yayo yakajairika kuti ushandiswe uye upe neyakayerwa voltage pasi pemamiriro ekushanda. Zvikamu zvinofambiswa zvinoenda mberi uye kumashure kuti ukotame waya mukati mekona yepamusoro inobvumirwa nechimiro. Kukotama mwero ndeye 30 nguva / min. Nhamba yemabhendi ndeiyi:
Kune waya dzinokotama panguva yekushanda kwakajairika, 10,000 nguva;
100 nguva dzewaya dzakakombama panguva yekugadzirisa mushandisi.
- Yakafumurwa wiring yemukati ichave yakaoma uye ichave yakachengetedzwa kuitira kuti mukushandiswa kwakajairwa creepage uye kureba kureba hakugone kudzikiswa pazasi pemitengo yakatarwa.
-Kuvharidzira kwemukati wiring kunofanira kukwanisa kumira kushushikana kwemagetsi kunogona kuitika panguva yekushandiswa kwakajairika. Kuitwa kwemagetsi kwebasic insulation kunofanirwa kuenzana nekutanga kuvhara kwewaya dzinochinjika dzakatsanangurwa muGB 5023.1 kana GB 5013.1, kana kutevedzera inotevera bvunzo yesimba remagetsi.
- Isa voltage ye2000V pakati pewaya nesimbi foil yakaputirwa kunze kweiyo insulation layer kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Panofanira kuva pasina kuputsika.
-Kana bushing inoshandiswa sekuwedzera kuvharidzira kwemukati wiring, ichave yakabatwa panzvimbo nenzira yakavimbika.
Kuteerera kunotariswa nekuongorora uye nebvunzo yemanyorero.
- Iyo yero / yegirini-mavara maviri-mavara akaiswa conductor anofanirwa kushandiswa chete seyaidzika conductor. Kuteerera kunotsanangurwa nekuongorora.
12. Kudzika matanho
-Masimbi anosvikika zvikamu zveClass OI neClass I midziyo inogona kurarama kana insulation yakundikana ichave yakabatana zvachose uye yakavimbika kune yepasi terminal mukati memudziyo, kana kune yepasi panoiswa socket yemudziyo.
-Iyo yepasi terminal uye yepasi yekubata haifanirwe kubatanidzwa kune isina kwayakarerekera terminal.
Kirasi 0, Kirasi II uye Sichuan midziyo haizove nematanho ekudzika. Chengetedzo yekuwedzera-yakaderera voltage maseketi haifanirwe kubatana nepasi kunze kwekunge ari ekudzivirira akawedzera-yakaderera voltage maseketi. Kuteerera kunotsanangurwa nekuongorora.
-The clamping mudziyo wepasi terminal unofanirwa kuve wakachengeteka zvakakwana kudzivirira kusunungura netsaona.
Kune mamwe maitiro, matanho anokosha angave akadikanwa, akadai sekushandiswa kwechikamu chisingagoni kubviswa nekuregeredza kwetsaona.
Materminal anoshandiswa kubatanidza equipotential conductor ekunze anotendera kubatanidzwa kwemakondakita ane zita remuchinjiko-chikamu kubva pa2.5 mm2 kusvika 6 mm2, uye haizoshandiswe kupa kuenderera kwepasi pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvemudziyo. Izvo hazvifanirwe kuve zvichikwanisika kusunungura waya idzi pasina rubatsiro rwezvishandiso. Kuteerera kunotsanangurwa nekuongorora uye kuyedza nemaoko.
- Kana chikamu chinodzikisika chine chinongedzo chepasi chikaiswa mune chimwe chikamu chechishandiso, kubatana kwayo kwepasi kuchaitwa pamberi pekubatanidza ikozvino-inotakura uye kana chikamu chacho chabviswa, kubatana kwepasi kuchaputswa mushure mekubatanidza ikozvino-inotakura. disconnected.
Kune midziyo ine tambo yemagetsi, kureba kwe conductor pakati peterminal kana cord fixture neterminal zvichava zvekuti kana tambo ikatsvedza kubva patambo yetambo, kondakita inotakura ikozvino ichave yakashongedzwa pamberi peiyo ground conductor. Kuteerera kunotsanangurwa nekuongorora uye kuyedza nemaoko.
- Zvese zvikamu zvepasi zviteshi zvakagadzirirwa kubatanidza kune ekunze conductor zvichave zvisina njodzi yekuora kunobva mukusangana nemhangura yepasi conductor, kana kubva pakubata nedzimwe simbi.
Zvikamu zvinoshandiswa kupa kuenderera kwepasi zvichange zviri zvesimbi inokwana kusaita ngura, kunze kwesimbi furemu kana zvikamu zvakavharirwa. Kana zvikamu izvi zvakaitwa nesimbi, hupamhi hwekuputira hunosvika 5 μm huchagoverwa pamusoro pemuviri. Zvikamu zvesimbi zvakavharwa kana zvisina kuvharwa zvinongoitirwa kupa kana kutumira kudzvanywa kwekubata kunochengetedzwa zvakakwana kubva ku ngura.
Kana mutumbi wepasi terminal uri chikamu chefuremu kana chivharo chakaitwa nealuminium kana aruminiyamu alloys, kungwarira kunofanirwa kutorwa kudzivirira njodzi yekuora kunobva mukusangana kwemhangura nealuminium kana aluminium alloys. Kuteerera kunotsanangurwa nekuongorora uye kuyerwa.
- Kubatana pakati pepasi terminal kana pasi kusangana uye pasi pesimbi chikamu chichava nekushomeka kwekushomeka.
Izvi zvinodikanwa hazvishande pakubatanidza zvishandiso zvinopa kuenderera kwepasi mumaseketi akadzivirirwa ekuwedzera-yakaderera voltage kana kubvumidzwa kwekutanga kuvharirwa mumaseketi akachengetedzwa ekuwedzera-yakaderera voltage kunotsanangurwa zvichienderana neyakayerwa voltage yemudziyo.
-Matanho akadhindwa pamabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa mumidziyo inobatwa nemaoko haashandiswe kupa kuenderera mberi kwepasi. Kuenderera mberi kwepasi kunogona kupihwa mune zvimwe midziyo kana zvinotevera zvinosangana:
- Kune kanenge mitsara miviri ine yakazvimiririra solder majoini, uye zvinodiwa zve27.5 zvinofanirwa kusangana kune yega yega mudziyo wedunhu;
-Zvinhu zvebhodhi rakadhindwa redunhu rinoenderana nezvinodiwa zveIEC 60249-2-4 kana IEC 60249-2-5.
Kuteerera kunotsanangurwa nekuongorora uye bvunzo dzakakodzera.
13. Clearances, creepage distances uye yakasimba insulation
Zvishandiso zvinogadzirwa kuitira kuti zvicheneso, kureba kwemafashama uye kusungirirwa kwakasimba zvakakwana kuti zvimirire kushushikana kwemagetsi uko mudziyo unogona kuisirwa.
Kana machira akashandiswa pamapuranga edunhu akadhindwa kuti adzivirire microenvironment (Kirasi A coatings) kana kupa basic insulation (Class B coatings), Appendix J inoshanda. Level 1 kusvibiswa kunoiswa mune microenvironments uchishandisa Class A coatings. Paunenge uchishandisa Class B coating, hapana zvinodikanwa zvemagetsi clearances uye creepage madaro.
- Tichifunga nezveakatemerwa impulse voltages ezvikamu zve overvoltage muTable 15, kubvumidzwa hakuzove kushoma pane zvakatsanangurwa muTable 16, kunze kwekunge iyo clearances pakati pebasic insulation uye functional insulation inosangana neimpulse voltage test yeChitsauko 14. Nekudaro, kana chinhambwe chiri muchigadziro chichikanganiswa nekupfeka, deformation, chikamu chekufamba kana kusangana, iyo inoenderana nemagetsi clearance inofanira kuwedzerwa ne 0.5mm kana yakayerwa. pulse voltage ndeye 1500V kana kupfuura, uye iyo pulse voltage test haishande.
14. Kupisa uye murazvo wemoto
Kune zvikamu zvekunze zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi, zvikamu zve insulating zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kutsigira zvikamu zvipenyu (kusanganisira zvinongedzo), uye zvikamu zvezvinhu zvinopisa zvinopisa zvinopa insulation yekuwedzera kana yakasimbisa insulation,
IUnited States, Canada, European Union neAustralia dzose dzine mitemo yadzo yekuchengetedza zvigadzirwa zvakadaro. Kunyanya Amazon 3 zviteshi zvine zvakakosha zvinodiwa.
American mwero: UL 1278
Canadian Standard: CSA C22.2 No.46
EU chiyero: EN 60335-2-30
Chiyero cheBritish: BS EN 60335-2-30
Muyero wepasi rose: IEC 60335-2-3
Chiyero cheAustralia: AS/NZS 60335.2.30
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-29-2023