Nekusimudzira kwakasimba kwehupfumi hwenyika nekutengeserana, sekutsinhana kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira nyika, kutengeswa kunze kwenyika uye kuendesa kunze kwezvinhu zvakapedzwa uye zvakapedzwa, kuumbwa kwekutengeserana kwekunze uye kunze kwenyika kunowanzoitika kuburikidza nekutanga kuburitswa kwepakati kune ichangoburwa e. -commerce e-commerce Logistics kukurumidza kusimudzira, kugadzirwa Chikero chakawedzerawo kubva mukugadzirwa kwedunhu kuenda kune dzimwe nyika mhiri kwemakungwa uye kupatsanurwa kwepasirese kwevashandi, kuyedza kuvandudza mhando yezvigadzirwa nehunyanzvi tekinoroji uye tekinoroji yekugadzira. Iyo yekutanga inoreva kutsvagisa uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvitsva kutsiva zvechinyakare zvinhu, pakati pazvo Izvo zvikamu zveindasitiri yeruzivo rwekombuta vamiririri vakajairwa; iyo yekupedzisira inoreva kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekugadzira, kazhinji kutsiva maindasitiri echinyakare anonyanya kushanda nekugadzira otomatiki kwemaindasitiri ari kusimukira. Vaviri vari kutsvaga nzira yekudzikisa mutengo wekugadzira uye kuvandudza kunaka kwechigadzirwa, uye chinangwa chavo chikuru ndechekuvandudza kukwikwidza kwepasirese kwemaindasitiri emunyika, uye avo vanotakura basa iri rakakosha vanogona kungovimba nehunyanzvi uye kushanda nesimba kwekutenga vashandi.
Naizvozvo, dhigirii rekudyidzana kwenyika dzekutengesa kwemakambani rine hukama nehuwandu hwepurofiti yemakambani. Vashandi vekutenga zvinhu vanofanirwa kumisa pfungwa nyowani sezvinotevera:
1. Shandura mutengo wemuganho wekubvunza
Kana vatengi vese vachibvunza nezve kutenga kune dzimwe nyika, vanogara vachitarisa pamutengo wechigadzirwa. Sezvo munhu wese anoziva, mutengo wechikwata chechigadzirwa chimwe chete chezvinhu, uye zvakakosha kutsanangura hutano, tsanangudzo, huwandu, kuendesa, mitemo yekubhadhara, nezvimwe zvechigadzirwa chinodiwa; kana zvichidikanwa, tora sampuli, mishumo yebvunzo, makatalogi kana mirairo, chitupa chekwakabva, nezvimwe; Vashandi vekutenga zvinhu vane hukama hwakanaka neruzhinji vanogara vachiwedzera kwaziso dzeushamwari.
Kazhinji izvo zvinotariswa nehunyanzvi zvekubvunza zvinonyorwa sezvizvi:
(1) Zita reChinhu
(2) Chinhu Chinyorwa
(3) Material Specifications MaterialSpecifications
(4) Hunhu
(5) Unit Price UnitPrice
(6) Huwandu
(7) Kubhadhara Mamiriro Kubhadhara Mamiriro
(8) Muenzaniso
(9) CatalogueorTableList
(10) Kurongedza
(11) Kutumira Kutumira
(12) Complimentary Phraseology
(13) Vamwe
2. Nyanzvi mune zvekutengeserana kwenyika dzakawanda
Kuti uwedzere kukwikwidza kwepasirese uye kubata zvakanakira zviwanikwa zvekugadzira, mabhizinesi anofanirwa kuvimba nevashandi vekutenga zvinhu kuti vapedze misheni yavo. Naizvozvo, matarenda anodiwa pa“nzira yokuvandudza nayo mwero wokutengeserana nedzimwe nyika” anofanira kukudziridzwa kuitira kuti afambirane nenyika dzakasimukira pasi rose.
Pane mapoinzi masere anofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya mukutenga kwenyika:
(1) Kunzwisisa tsika nemutauro wenyika inotumira kunze
(2) Kunzwisisa mitemo nemitemo yenyika yedu uye nyika dzinotumira kunze
(3) Kutendeseka kwezviri mukati mechibvumirano chekutengeserana uye zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa
(4) Kukwanisa kubata ruzivo rwemusika panguva yakakodzera uye inobudirira yekubika kiredhiti
(5) Tevedzera zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika uye kodzero dzepfuma yeuchenjeri
(6) Ona dzimwe shanduko dzakawanda dzezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi
(7) Gadzira bhizinesi rekutenga uye rekushambadzira kuburikidza ne e-commerce
(8) Batira pamwe nenyanzvi dzezvemari kuti utore zvakanaka njodzi dzekuchinjana kwekunze
3. Kunyatsobata kubvunzurudza kwenyika dzakawanda uye nzira yekukurukurirana
Izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti "kubvunza" zvinoreva kuti mutengi anokumbira kotesheni kubva kumutengesi pane zviri mukati mezvinhu zvinodiwa: mhando, yakatarwa, mutengo weyuniti, huwandu, kuendesa, mari yekubhadhara, kurongedza, nezvimwe. "Limited inquiry mode" uye " yakawedzerwa nzira yekubvunza" inogona kugamuchirwa. "Limited inquiry mode" inoreva kubvunza zvisina kurongwa, izvo zvinoda kuti mumwe munhu atore mutengo zvinoenderana nezviri kutaurwa nemutengi nenzira yekubvunza wega; “Modhi” inofanira kubva pamutengo wemutengesi zvinoenderana nemutengo wabvunzwa nesu, uye woisa pamberi pekotesheni kuti zvinhu zvitengeswe. Pakuita kondirakiti, bato rinotenga rinogona kuenderera mberi nekuendesa fomu rekubvunza rine huwandu hwakakwana, mhando chaiyo, zvinotsanangurwa zvakajeka uye mafungidziro emitengo, uye kugadzira gwaro repamutemo uye kuriendesa kumutengesi. Uku kubvunza zviri pamutemo. Vatengesi vanosungirwa kuti vapindure nemagwaro epamutemo uye kupinda maitiro ekutonga kwekutenga.
Kana mutengi achinge agamuchira gwaro repamutemo rakaunzwa nemutengesi - mutengo wekutengesa, mutengi anogona kutora nzira yekuongorora mitengo yemitengo kuti awedzere kunzwisisa kana mutengo uri wakaderera uye nguva yekutumira yakakodzera pasi pekunyanya kudiwa uye mhando. Panguva iyoyo, kana zvichidikanwa, iyo nzira yekubvunzurudza yakaganhurirwa inogona kugamuchirwa zvakare, iyo imwe chete-yekutengesa, inowanzozivikanwa se "bargaining". Mukuita, kana vaviri kana vanopfuura vatengesi vakasangana nezvinodiwa zvakafanana zvemutengi, mutengo unogumira pakuyerwa kwemutengo. Way. Muchokwadi, kushanda kwemutengo wekuenzanisa uye kutaurirana kune cyclical kusvika zvinodiwa zvekutenga zvasangana.
Kana mamiriro akataurirana nemativi ekupa uye ekuda ari pedyo nedivi rekutenga, mutengi anogona zvakare kutora danho rekuita bhidhi kumutengesi, ozvipa kune mutengesi zvinoenderana nemutengo uye mamiriro ayo mutengi anoda kuzadzisa. , achiratidza kuda kwake kutaurirana chibvumirano nemutengesi, icho chinonzi bhidhi rekutenga. Kana mutengesi akabvuma bhidhiyo, mapato maviri anogona kupinda muchibvumirano chekutengesa kana quotation yepamutemo kubva kumutengesi kuenda kumutengi, nepo mutengi achipa mutengesi hurongwa hwekutenga.
4. Kunyatsonzwisisa zviri mukati mekotesheni kubva kune vatengesi vepasi rese
Muchiito chekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika, mutengo wechigadzirwa kazhinji haugone kuitwa kotesheni chete, uye inofanira kuitwa nemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Semuyenzaniso: mutengo wechikamu chechigadzirwa, chiyero chehuwandu, chiyero chemhando, kutsanangurwa kwechigadzirwa, nguva yakakodzera, mamiriro ekutumira, nzira yekubhadhara, nezvimwe. Kazhinji, vagadziri vekutengeserana kwenyika dzakawanda vanodhinda yavo quotation fomati zvinoenderana nehunhu hwezvigadzirwa zvavo uye tsika dzekare dzekutengesa, uye kutenga Vashandi vanofanira kunyatsonzwisisa manyorerwo eimwe bato quotation kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwakakomba kunokonzerwa nemamiriro anotevera, sekuramba kwemutengesi kunonoka kuendesa faindi, kuramba kwemutengesi kubhadhara a. performance bond, kutadza kwemutengesi kuzadzisa nguva yekuda, muganhu wemutengesi, nezvimwewo, izvo zvisingaenderane nemamiriro emutengi. Naizvozvo, vatengi vanofanirwa kutarisisa kuti kotesheni inoenderana neinotevera misimboti:
(1) Kururama kwematemu ekondirakiti, kunyangwe bato rinotenga rine mukana? Zvakanakisisa kufunga zvinofarirwa nevose vari vaviri.
(2) Ko quotation inoenderana here nezvinodiwa uye mutengo wedhipatimendi rekugadzira nekutengesa, uye inogona kuwedzera kukwikwidza kwechigadzirwa?
(3) Kana mutengo wemusika uchinge wachinja, kutendeseka kwemutengesi kuchakanganisa kuita kana kusaita kondirakiti?
Zvadaro tichazoongorora kana zviri mukati mekotesheni zvinoenderana nezvatinoda kutenga:
Zviri mukati mekotesheni:
(1) Musoro wekotesheni: Kotesheni ndiyo yakajairika uye inoshandiswawo nevanhu vekuAmerica, nepo OfferSheet ichishandiswa kuUK.
(2) Kuverenga: Sequential coding yakanakira mubvunzo we index uye haigone kudzokororwa.
(3) Zuva: rekodha gore, mwedzi, uye zuva rekuburitswa kuti ubate muganhu wenguva.
(4) Zita nekero yemutengi: chinhu chekutemerwa kwehukama hwekusungirirwa kwepurofiti.
(5) Zita rechigadzirwa: zita rakabvumiranwa nemapato ese.
(6) Commodity coding: misimboti yepasi rose yekukodha inofanirwa kugamuchirwa.
(7) Chikamu chezvinhu: zvinoenderana neInternational unit of measurement.
(8) Mutengo weyuniti: Ndiwo chiyero chekukoshesa uye inotora mari yepasirese.
(9) Nzvimbo yekutumira: ratidza guta kana chiteshi.
(10) Nzira yemitengo: kusanganisira mutero kana komisheni, kana isingabatanidzi komisheni, inogona kuwedzerwa.
(11) Hunhu hwemhando: Inogona kunyatso ratidza mwero unogamuchirwa kana chiyero chegoho chemhando yechigadzirwa.
(12) Mamiriro ekutengeserana; senge mamiriro ekubhadhara, chibvumirano chehuwandu, nguva yekutumira, kurongedza uye chekufambisa, mamiriro einishuwarenzi, hushoma hunogamuchirwa huwandu, uye quotation yechokwadi nguva, nezvimwe.
(13) Siginicha yekotesheni: Iyo quotation inoshanda chete kana iyo quotation ine siginicha yeanobhadhara.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-31-2022