Tsika netsika dzenyika dzese pasirese dzakasiyana kwazvo, uye tsika imwe neimwe ine tabo dzayo. Zvichida munhu wose anoziva zvishoma nezvekudya uye tsika dzenyika dzose, uye achabhadhara zvakanyanya kana achifamba kunze kwenyika. Saka, unonzwisisa here tsika dzekutenga dzenyika dzakasiyana siyana?
Asia
Parizvino, nyika zhinji muAsia, kunze kweJapan, inyika dzichiri kusimukira. Zvekurima zvine basa rakakosha munyika dzeAsia. Nzvimbo yeindasitiri yenyika zhinji haina kusimba, indasitiri yezvicherwa uye indasitiri yekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvekurima zvanyanya kufambira mberi, uye indasitiri inorema iri kusimukira.
Japani
MaJapan anozivikanwawo munharaunda yepasirese nekuda kwekuomarara kwavo. Vanoda kutaurirana kwechikwata uye vane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya. Mitemo yekuongorora yakanyanyisa, asi kuvimbika kwavo kwakakwirira zvikuru. Mushure mekushandira pamwe, havawanzo chinja vatengesi. Kutengeserana tsika: kupinza uye kungwara, teerera kune etiquette uye hukama pakati pevanhu, kuvimba uye moyo murefu, mweya wakasarudzika wechikwata, wakagadzirira zvizere, kuronga kwakasimba, uye kutarisa pane zvenguva refu zvido. Iva nemoyo murefu uye wakatsunga, uye dzimwe nguva iva nemafungiro asina kujeka uye ane ungwaru. Iwo "mavhiri emaitiro" uye "kunyarara kuputsa aizi" anowanzo shandiswa munhaurirano. Chengetedzo: Vanamuzvinabhizinesi vekuJapan vane pfungwa yakasimba yeboka uye vanoshandiswa kuita sarudzo pamwe chete. “Kuhwina zvakawanda nezvakaderera” itsika yokukurukura yevanamuzvinabhizimisi vokuJapan; Chenjerera pakugadzwa kwehukama hwemunhu, usade kutaurirana pamusoro pezvibvumirano, teerera zvakanyanya kutendeseka pane zvibvumirano, uye varevereri vakakosha kwazvo; Chenjerera kutsika uye chiso, usambopomera zvakananga kana kuramba maJapan, uye teerera nyaya yekupa zvipo; “Mazano okuverengera” ndiwo “manomano” anoshandiswa nevemabhizimisi vokuJapan. Vanamuzvinabhizinesi vekuJapan havafarire nhaurirano dzakaoma uye dzinokurumidza "kutengesa kutengesa", uye teerera kune kudzikama, kuzvivimba, kunaka uye kushivirira.
Republic of korea
Vatengi veKorea vakanaka pakutaurirana, zvakajeka uye zvine musoro. Tsika dzekutengesa: MaKorea ane ruremekedzo, akanaka pakutaurirana, akajeka uye ane musoro, uye ane kunzwisisa kwakasimba uye kugona kuita. Vanoisa kukosha pakugadzira mamiriro ekunze. Vanamuzvinabhizinesi vavo kazhinji havanyemwereri, vakatsiga uye vanotova nechiremera. Vatengesi vedu vanofanira kuva vakagadzirira zvizere, vagadzirise mafungire avo, uye kuti varege kukurirwa nechimbichimbi chomumwe mubato.
India/Pakistan
Vatengi venyika mbiri idzi vane hanya nemutengo, uye vatengi vakanyanya kupatsanurwa: vangave vanokwira kumusoro, asi vanoda zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro; Chero bhidhiyo yakaderera zvakanyanya uye hapana chinodiwa chemhando. Kufanana nekutengesa, iwe unofanirwa kunge wakagadzirira kwenguva yakareba yekutaurirana uye hurukuro paunenge uchishanda navo. Kugadzira hukama kunobata basa rinoshanda mukufambisa kutengeserana. Nyatsoteerera kune chokwadi chemutengesi, uye zvinokurudzirwa kubvunza mutengi wekutengesa mari.
Saudi Arabia/UAE/Türkiye nedzimwe nyika
Yakajairwa kune zvisina kunanga kutengeserana kuburikidza nevamiririri, uye kuita kwekutengesa kwakananga kwaitonhora; Zvinodiwa zvezvigadzirwa zvishoma. Vanobhadhara zvakanyanya kune ruvara uye vanosarudza zvinhu zvakasviba. Purofiti idiki uye huwandu hudiki, asi kurongeka kwakagadziriswa; Mutengi akatendeseka, asi mupi anofanira kupa ngwariro chaiyo kumumiririri kuti adzivise kudzvinyirirwa nerimwe bato munzira dzakasiyana-siyana; Tinofanira kutarisisa musimboti wekuchengeta zvivimbiso, kuchengeta mafungiro akanaka, uye tisanyanya kubhuya pamusoro pemasamples akawanda kana miripo yekutumira tsamba.
Europe
Pfupiso yekuongorora: Mamiriro akajairika: Ndinoda kutenga maitiro akasiyana-siyana, asi vhoriyamu yekutenga idiki; Teerera zvakanyanya kune chimiro chechigadzirwa, chimiro, dhizaini, mhando uye zvinhu, zvinoda kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye zvine zvakakwirira zvinodikanwa zvesitaira; Kazhinji, ivo vane vagadziri vavo, avo vakapararira, kazhinji mhando dzemunhu, uye vane ruzivo rwemhando zvinodiwa. Nzira yekubhadhara kwayo inoshanduka. Haina hanya nekuongorora fekitori, inoteerera kune chitupa (chitupa chekuchengetedza nharaunda, mhando uye tekinoroji certification, nezvimwewo), uye inoteerera kune fekitori dhizaini, tsvakiridzo nekusimudzira, kugona kugadzira, nezvimwe. Vazhinji vatengesi vanofanirwa kuita OEM/ ODM.
Britain
Kana iwe uchigona kuita kuti vatengi veBritish vanzwe kuti uri munyoro, kutaurirana kunenge kwanyanya kutsetseka. Vanhu vekuBritain vanotarisisa kune zviri pamutemo zvinofarirwa uye vanoteedzera maitiro, uye teerera kune mhando yeyedzo yekuraira kana sampuli runyorwa. Kana yekutanga yakanyorwa bvunzo runyoro ikatadza kuzadzisa zvido zvayo, kazhinji hapana yekutevera kubatana. Cherechedza: Patinenge tichitaurirana nevanhu vekuBritain, tinofanira kukoshesa kuenzana kwekuzivikanwa, kutarisa nguva, uye kuterera kune zvinyorwa zvechibvumirano. Vazhinji vatengesi veChinese vanowanzosangana nevatengi vekuBritain pamusangano wekutengeserana. Pavanenge vachichinjana makadhi ebhizinesi, vanoona kuti kero "XX Downing Street, London", uye vatengi vanogara pakati peguta guru. Asi pakutanga kutarisa, maBritish haasi machena eAnglo-Saxon, asi mutema weAfrica kana Asia. Pakutaura vanozoona kuti rimwe divi harisi mutengi mukuru, saka vanoodzwa mwoyo zvikuru. Kutaura zvazviri, Britain inyika yemarudzi akawanda, uye vatengi vakawanda vachena muBritain havagari mumaguta, nokuti vamwe vatengesi veBritish vane nhoroondo yakareba uye tsika dzebhizimisi remhuri (zvakadai sekugadzira shangu, indasitiri yematehwe, nezvimwewo) vanogona kunge varipo. kugara mune dzimwe dzimba, misha, kunyange munhare yekare, saka kero dzavo dzinowanzoita se“Chesterfield” “Sheffield” nedzimwe nzvimbo dzine “munda” sechivakashure. Nokudaro, pfungwa iyi inoda kunyatsotarisirwa. Vanamuzvinabhizinesi vekuBritain vanogara kumaruwa ekumaruwa vangangove vatengi vakuru.
Jerimani
Vanhu veGerman vakaomarara, vakaronga, vanoteerera kushanda zvakanaka, kutsvaga mhando, kuchengeta zvivimbiso, uye kushandirapamwe nemabhizinesi eGerman kuita sumo yakazara, asi zvakare teerera kune mhando yechigadzirwa. Usarove pose pose munhaurirano, “maitiro mashoma, kurevesa”. Nzira yekukurukurirana yeGermany ine hungwaru uye ine hungwaru, uye huwandu hwekubvumirana huri mukati me20%; Patinenge tichitaurirana nevemabhizimisi veGermany, tinofanira kuchenjerera kutaura nekupa zvipo, kugadzirira zvizere nhaurirano, uye teerera kune avo vanoda kutaurirana uye unyanzvi. Uyezve, mutengesi anofanira kutarisisa kupa zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro, uye panguva imwecheteyo teerera kune yakasarudzika kuita patafura yekutaurirana. Usagara uine hunyope, teerera kune zvese mukati mekuita kwekutakura, tarisa mamiriro ezvigadzirwa chero nguva uye nenguva dzorera kumutengi.
Furanzi
Vazhinji veFrench vane ushamwari uye vanotaura. Kana iwe uchida vatengi veFrance, zviri nani kuve nehunyanzvi muchiFrench. Zvisinei, havana pfungwa yakasimba yenguva. Ivo vanowanzononoka kana unilaterally kushandura nguva mubhizinesi kana kushamwaridzana kutaurirana, saka vanofanirwa kuve vakagadzirira. Vanamuzvinabhizinesi vekuFrance vane zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvemhando yezvigadzirwa, uye mamiriro acho akaomarara. Panguva imwecheteyo, ivo vanoisawo kukosha kukuru kune runako rwezvinhu, uye inoda kurongedza kwakanaka. MaFrench agara achitenda kuti France ndiyo mutungamiriri wepasi rose wezvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro. Nokudaro, vanonyanya kukoshesa zvipfeko zvavo. Mukuona kwavo, zvipfeko zvinogona kumiririra tsika nehunhu hwemunhu. Naizvozvo, pakutaurirana, zvipfeko zvine hungwaru uye zvakapfeka zvakanaka zvichaunza mhedzisiro yakanaka.
Itari
Kunyangwe maItaria ari kubuda uye nechido, ivo vanongwarira mukukurukurirana kwekondirakiti nekuita sarudzo. MaItaly anoda kuita bhizinesi nemabhizinesi epamba. Kana iwe uchida kushanda pamwe navo, unofanirwa kuratidza kuti zvigadzirwa zvako zviri nani uye zvakachipa pane zvigadzirwa zveItaly.
Speini
Transaction nzira: kubhadhara kwezvinhu kunoitwa netsamba yechikwereti. Nguva yechikwereti inowanzova mazuva makumi mapfumbamwe, uye zvitoro zvakakura zvine mazuva zana nemakumi maviri kusvika zana nemakumi mashanu. Order uwandu: anenge 200 kusvika 1000 zvidimbu nguva imwe neimwe Cherechedza: nyika haibhadharisi mitero pane zvigadzirwa zvayo zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Vatengesi vanofanirwa kupfupisa nguva yekugadzira uye kutarisisa kune mhando uye kunaka.
Dhenimaki
Maitiro ekutengesa: Vatengesi veDanish vanowanzo bvuma kugamuchira L / C pavanenge vachiita bhizinesi rekutanga nemutengesi wekunze. Zvadaro, mari inopesana nemagwaro uye 30-90 mazuva D / P kana D / A anowanzoshandiswa. Maodha ane diki diki pakutanga (sample consignment kana kuyedza kutengesa maodha)
Panyaya yemitero: Denmark inopa-inofarirwa-nyika kurapwa kana yakasarudzika GSP kune zvinhu zvinotengwa kubva kune dzimwe nyika dzichiri kusimukira, nyika dzekuEastern Europe uye nyika dzemahombekombe eMediterranean. Zvakadaro, kutaura zvazviri, kune mashoma emitero anofarira mumasimbi nemachira masisitimu, uye nyika dzine vatengesi vemicheka hombe dzinowanzotora yavo quota policy. Cherechedza: Zvakafanana nemuenzaniso, mutengesi wekunze anofanira kutarisisa zuva rekutumira. Kana kondirakiti itsva yaitwa, mutengesi wekunze anofanirwa kudoma zuva chairo rekutumira uye kuzadzisa chisungo chekutumira nenguva. Chero kunonoka kuendesa nekuda kwekutyorwa kwezuva rekutumira kunogona kukonzera kubviswa kwechibvumirano nemutengesi weDanish.
Girisi
Vatengi vakatendeseka asi vasingashande, havatsvage fashoni, uye vanoda kutambisa nguva (VaGiriki vanotenda kuti vapfumi chete vane nguva yekupambadza, saka vanosarudza kutsva nezuva kumahombekombe eAegean, pane kuenda kunogadzira. mari mukati uye kunze kwebhizinesi.)
Hunhu hwenyika dzeNordic huri nyore, hunyoro uye hungwaru, nhanho-nhanho, kudzikama uye kudzikama. Hazvina kunaka pakutaurirana, sekuita uye kushanda zvakanaka; Isu tinobhadhara zvakanyanya kumhando yechigadzirwa, chitupa, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, kuchengetedza simba uye zvimwe zvinhu pane mutengo.
Vatengi vekuRussia vanobva kuRussia nedzimwe nyika dzekuMabvazuva kweEurope vanofarira kutaura nezvezvibvumirano zvakakura uye vari kuda pamatemu ekutengeserana uye kushaya kuchinjika. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanhu vokuRussia vanononoka mukubata zvinhu. Pakutaurirana nevatengi vekuRussia neEastern Europe, vanofanirwa kutarisisa kurondwa nenguva uye kutevera kudzivirira kuchinjika kwerimwe divi. Chero bedzi vanhu veRussia vachiita bhizinesi mushure mekusaina chibvumirano, TT yakananga telegraphic transfer inowanzoitika. Vanoda kuendeswa panguva uye kashoma kuvhura LC. Nekudaro, hazvisi nyore kuwana chinongedzo. Vanogona chete kuenda kuburikidza neShow Show kana kushanyira munharaunda yeko. Mutauro weko unonyanya kuRussia, uye kutaura kweChirungu hakuwanzo, izvo zvakaoma kutaura. Kazhinji, tichatsvaga rubatsiro rwevashanduri.
Africa
Vatengi vemuAfrica vanotenga zvinhu zvishoma uye zvakasiyana zvakasiyana, asi zvichave nekukasira. Vazhinji vavo vanoshandisa TT uye nzira dzekubhadhara mari, uye havadi kushandisa mabhii echikwereti. Vanotenga zvinhu pavanoona, voendesa mari nemaoko, kana kutengesa zvinhu nechikwereti. Nyika dzemu Africa dzinoita ongororo isati yatumirwa zvinhu kunze kwenyika uye kunze kwenyika, izvo zvinowedzera mitengo yedu mukuita basa, kunonoka zuva rekutumira uye kutadzisa budiriro yekutengeserana. Makadhi echikwereti nemacheki anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muSouth Africa, uye itsika "kudya usati wabhadhara".
Moroko
Maitiro ekutengesa: tora kubhadhara mari ine yakaderera quoted kukosha uye mutengo musiyano. Notes: Morocco mutero wekutengesa kune dzimwe nyika unowanzo kukwirira uye kutonga kwayo kwekunze kune dzimwe nyika kwakasimba. D/P modhi ine njodzi huru yekuunganidza mari yekunze mubhizinesi rekutengesa kunze kwenyika. Vatengi veMoroccan nemabhangi vanodyidzana kuti vatore zvinhu kutanga, kunonoka mukubhadhara, uye kubhadhara nekukumbirwa kwemabhangi epamba kana mabhizinesi ekunze mushure mekudzokorora kukurudzirwa nehofisi yedu.
Chamhembe Afrika
Maitiro ekutengeserana: makadhi echikwereti uye cheki anoshandiswa zvakanyanya, uye tsika ye "kushandisa usati wabhadhara". Notes: Nekuda kwemari shoma uye mubereko wepamusoro webhangi (inenge 22%), vachiri kushandiswa kubhadhara paunongoona kana mubhadharo, uye kazhinji havavhure mabhii ekuona echikwereti.
America
Pfupiso yekuongorora: Tsika yekutengeserana muNorth America ndeyekuti vatengesi vanonyanya maJuda, kazhinji bhizinesi rekutengesa. Kazhinji, vhoriyamu yekutenga yakakura, uye mutengo unofanirwa kunge uchikwikwidza, asi purofiti yakaderera; Kuvimbika hakuna kukwirira, ndezvechokwadi. Chero bedzi achiwana mutengo wakaderera, achabatira pamwe nomumwe mupi; Ngwarira kuongorora fekitari uye kodzero dzevanhu (sekuti fekitari inoshandisa basa revana, nezvimwewo); Kazhinji L / C inoshandiswa kwemazuva makumi matanhatu ekubhadhara. Vanokoshesa kushanda nesimba, vanokoshesa nguva, vanotsvaka zvishuwo zvinoshanda, uye vanokoshesa kushambadza nechitarisiko. Maitiro ekutaurirana ari kubuda uye ari pachena, ane chivimbo uye kunyange anozvitutumadza, asi kondirakiti ichave yakangwarira zvakanyanya pakubata nebhizinesi chairo. Vatauri veAmerica vanoisa kukosha kwekushanda uye vanoda kuita sarudzo nekukurumidza. Pakutaurirana kana kutora mashoko, vanofanira kuterera pane zvose. Kana vachitora mashoko, vanofanira kupa seti yakakwana yemhinduro uye vafunge nezvese; Vazhinji vekuCanada vanochengetedza uye havadi kuchinja kwemitengo. Vanoda kugadzikana.
Muitiro wekutengesa muSouth America unowanzove wakakura muhuwandu, wakaderera mumutengo uye wakaderera mumutengo, uye wakaderera muhutano; Iko hakuna quota zvinodiwa, asi kune yakakwirira tariffs. Vatengi vakawanda vanoita CO kubva kunyika dzechitatu; Mashoma mabhanga muMexico anogona kuvhura tsamba dzechikwereti. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vatengi vabhadhare nemari (T/T). Vatengi kazhinji vakasindimara, vanongozvifunga, vakasununguka, uye vane manzwiro; Pfungwa yenguva hainawo simba uye kune mazororo akawanda; Ratidza kunzwisisa pakutaurirana. Panguva imwecheteyo, vatengi vazhinji vekuSouth America havana ruzivo rwekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika, uye vanotova nepfungwa isina kusimba yekubhadhara kweL / C. Mukuwedzera, chiyero chekushanda kwechibvumirano hachina kukwirira, uye kubhadhara hakugoni kuitwa sezvakarongwa nekuda kwekudzokororwa kudzokororwa. Remekedza tsika nezvinotendwa, uye dzivisa kupinza nyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika munhaurirano; Sezvo nyika dziine mitemo yakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pekutengesa kunze uye kutonga kwemari yekunze, dzinofanira kunyatsoongorora nekudzidza mazwi echibvumirano zvakajeka kudzivirira kukakavara mushure mechiitiko; Nekuda kwekuti mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika emuno haana kugadzikana uye mutemo wezvemari wemumba hauna kugadzikana, kana tichiita bhizinesi nevatengi vekuSouth America, isu tinofanirwa kunyanya kungwarira, uye panguva imwecheteyo, isu tinofanira kudzidza kushandisa "localization" zano, uye kuterera kune. basa reChamber of Commerce neCommercial Advocacy Office.
Nyika dzeNorth America dzinoisa kukosha kwekuita basa, kutsvaga zvishuwo zvechokwadi, uye kuisa kukosha kuruzhinji uye kutaridzika. Maitiro ekutaurirana ari kubuda uye ari pachena, ane chivimbo uye kunyange anozvitutumadza, asi kondirakiti ichave yakangwarira zvakanyanya pakubata nebhizinesi chairo.
USA
Hunhu hukuru hwevatengi vekuAmerica hunyanzvi, saka zvakanakisa kusuma zvakanakira uye ruzivo rwechigadzirwa muemail nekukurumidza. Vazhinji vatengi vekuAmerica vane zvishoma zvekutsvaga mabhureki. Chero bedzi zvigadzirwa zviri zvemhando yepamusoro uye mutengo wakaderera, ivo vachava nevateereri vakawanda muUnited States. Zvisinei, rinotarisa kuongorora kwefekitari nekodzero dzevanhu (sekuti fekitari inoshandisa vana basa). Kazhinji L/C, 60 mazuva kubhadhara. Senyika isina hukama-yakatarisana, vatengi veAmerica havataure newe nekuda kwekutengesa kwenguva refu. Kunyanya kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune nhaurirano kana quotation nevatengi vekuAmerica. Iyo yose inofanira kurangarirwa seyese. Iko quotation inofanira kupa yakakwana seti yemhinduro uye funga iyo yese.
Kanadha
Mamwe emitemo yeCanada yekutengeserana kune dzimwe nyika ichakanganiswa neBritain neUnited States. Kune vanotengesa kunze kweChinese, Canada inofanirwa kuve nyika ine kuvimbika kwakanyanya.
Mekisiko
Mafungiro kana uchitaurirana nevaMexico anofanirwa kuve nehanya. Mafungiro akakomba haana kukodzera mamiriro ekukurukurirana emunharaunda. Dzidza kushandisa "localization" nzira. Mashoma mabhanga muMexico anogona kuvhura tsamba dzechikwereti. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vatengi vabhadhare nemari (T/T).
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-01-2023