Pfupiso yezvitupa zvinowanzo shandiswa kunze kwenyika mukutengeserana kunze

European certification

EU
1. CE
CE inomirira European Unification (CONFORMITE EUROPEENNE), inova chiratidzo chekuchengetedza chicherechedzo chinonzi pasipoti yevagadziri kuvhura uye kupinda mumusika weEurope. Zvigadzirwa zvine mucherechedzo weEC zvinogona kutengeswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeEU, zvichiwana kutenderera kwemahara kwezvinhu mukati menhengo dzeEU.
Zvigadzirwa zvinoda CE label kuti zvitengeswe mumusika weEU zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:
· Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, zvigadzirwa zvematoyi, zvisina waya uye zvekufonera terminal midziyo, firiji uye yekuomesa nechando, midziyo yekuzvidzivirira, midziyo yakapfava, mabhoiler emvura inopisa, midziyo yekumanikidza, mabhoti ekuvaraidza, zvigadzirwa zvekuvaka, in vitro diagnostic michina yekurapa. midziyo, midziyo yemagetsi yekurapa, midziyo yekusimudza, midziyo yegasi, isina otomatiki yekuyeresa michina
2. RoHS
RoHS ndiyo chidimbu cheKurambidzwa kweKushandiswa Kwezvimwe Zvine Njodzi Zvinhu muMagetsi uye Zvemagetsi Equipment, inozivikanwawo se2002/95/EC Directive.
RoHS yakanangana nezvose zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi nezvemagetsi zvinogona kunge zvine zvinhu zvitanhatu zvinokuvadza zvataurwa pamusoro muzvigadzirwa zvavo zvekugadzira uye maitiro ekugadzira, kunyanya zvinosanganisira:
Midziyo michena (senge mafiriji, michina yekuwachisa, mamicrowave, maair conditioner, vacuum cleaners, maheater emvura, nezvimwewo) zvigadzirwa, nezvimwewo) · Maturusi emagetsi · Matoyi emagetsi emagetsi nemidziyo yemagetsi ekurapa, nezvimwe
3. SVIKIRA
EU Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals, yakapfupikiswa seRegulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals, ikemikari inodzora hurongwa hwakagadzwa neEU uye hunoitwa musi waChikumi 1, 2007.
Iyi sisitimu inosanganisira zvikumbiro zvekuchengetedza kugadzirwa kwemakemikari, kutengeserana, uye kushandiswa, zvine chinangwa chekuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kuchengetedza nekusimudzira kukwikwidza kweEU kemikari indasitiri, uye kugadzira hunyanzvi hwekugona kweasiri-chepfu uye asingakuvadzi makomisheni.
Iyo REACH dhairekitori inoda kuti makemikari anotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye anogadzirwa mukati meEurope anofanirwa kuenda nenzira yakazara yekunyoresa, kuongorora, kubvumidza, uye kudziviswa kune zvirinani uye zviri nyore kuziva chimiro chemakemikari uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda uye kwevanhu. Uyu murairo unonyanya kusanganisira akati wandei emukati sekunyoresa, kuongorora, mvumo, uye zvirambidzo. Chero chigadzirwa chinofanira kunge chine faira rekunyoresa iro rinonyora kemikari uye rinotsanangura kuti mugadziri anoshandisa sei izvi makemikari zvikamu, pamwe neshumo yekuongorora huturu.

Britain
BSI
BSI iBritish Standards Institution, inova ndiyo yekutanga pasi rose yekumisikidza bato. Haidzorwi nehurumende asi yakawana rutsigiro rwakasimba kubva kuhurumende. BSI inogadzira uye inodzokorora zviyero zveBritish uye inosimudzira kuita kwavo.

Furanzi
NF
NF izita rekodhi yeFrench standard, iyo yakaitwa muna 1938 uye inotungamirwa neFrench Institute for Standardization (AFNOR).
NF certification haisungirwe, asi kazhinji, zvigadzirwa zvinotumirwa kuFrance zvinoda NF certification. French NF certification inoenderana neEU CE certification, uye NF certification inodarika zviyero zveEU mundima dzakawanda dzehunyanzvi. Naizvozvo, zvigadzirwa zvinowana NF certification zvinogona kuwana zvakananga CE certification pasina kudiwa kwechero chigadzirwa chekuongorora, uye maitiro akapusa chete anodiwa. Vazhinji vatengi veFrance vane pfungwa yakasimba yekuvimba muNF certification. NF certification inonyanya kushanda kumhando nhatu dzezvigadzirwa: midziyo yemumba, fenicha, uye zvekuvakisa.

Jerimani
1. DIN
DIN inomirira Deutsche Institute fur Normung. DIN ndiyo chiremera chekumisikidza muGermany, ichishanda sesangano renyika uye richitora chikamu mumasangano epasirese needunhu asiri ehurumende.
DIN yakabatana neInternational Organisation for Standardization muna 1951. IGermany Electrotechnical Commission (DKE), yakabatanidzwa pamwe chete neDIN uye German Institute of Electrical Engineers (VDE), inomiririra Germany muInternational Electrotechnical Commission. DIN zvakare iEuropean Commission for Standardization uye European Electrotechnical Standard.
2. GS
Mucherechedzo weGS (Geprufte Sicherheit) chiratidzo chekuchengetedza chitupa chakapihwa naT Ü V, VDE nemamwe masangano akabvumidzwa neGerman Ministry of Labor. Inogamuchirwa zvakanyanya nevatengi veEurope sechiratidzo chekuchengetedza. Kazhinji, zvigadzirwa zvakasimbiswa neGS zvine mutengo wepamusoro wekutengesa uye zvinozivikanwa zvakanyanya.
GS certification ine zvakaomesesa zvinodiwa zvemhando yekusimbisa hurongwa hwemafekitori, uye mafekitori anoda kuongororwa uye kuongororwa kwegore:
Inoda kuti mafekitari atange yavo yemhando yekusimbisa sisitimu zvinoenderana neiyo ISO9000 system standard kana yakawandisa yekutakura. Iyo fekitori inofanirwa kunge iine yayo yemhando yekudzora hurongwa, marekodhi emhando, uye kukwana kwakakwana kwekugadzira nekuongorora.
Usati wapa chitupa cheGS, ongororo yefekitari itsva inofanira kuitwa kuti ione kuti inokwanisa here isati yapa chitupa cheGS; Mushure mekupa chitupa, fekitori inofanirwa kuongororwa kamwechete pagore. Hazvina mhosva kuti zvingani zvigadzirwa izvo fekitori inonyorera mamaki eTUV, kuongorora fekitori kunongoda kuitwa kamwe chete.
Zvigadzirwa zvinoda GS certification zvinosanganisira:
·Midziyo yemumba yakaita semafiriji, michini yekuwachisa, midziyo yekubikira, etc· Michini yemumba · Midziyo yemitambo · Midziyo yemagetsi yemumba senge audiovisual midziyo yemagetsi nemagetsi yemuhofisi yakaita semakopi, fax, shredders, macomputer, printer, etc· Michina yemaindasitiri nemidziyo yekuyeresa yekuyeresa· Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine chekuita nekuchengetedza, zvakaita semabhasikoro, ngowani, manera, fenicha, nezvimwe.
3. VDE
Iyo VDE Testing uye Certification Institute ndeimwe yeakanyanya ruzivo bvunzo, zvitupa, uye ekuongorora masangano muEurope.
Sesangano rinozivikanwa pasi rose rekuedzwa kuchengetedza uye kupihwa chitupa chemidziyo yemagetsi uye zvikamu zvadzo, VDE ine mukurumbira wepamusoro muEurope uye kunyangwe pasirese. Chigadzirwa chayo chakayerwa chinosanganisira midziyo yemumba neyekutengesa, IT michina, maindasitiri uye zvekurapa tekinoroji michina, zvekusangana uye zvinhu zvemagetsi, waya netambo, nezvimwe.
4. T Ü V
Mucherechedzo weT Ü V, unozivikanwawo seTechnischer ü berwach ü ngs Verein muchiJerimani, chiratidzo chekuchengetedza chitupa chakanyatsogadzirirwa zvinhu zvemagetsi muGermany. MuChirungu, zvinoreva "Technical Inspection Association". Inogamuchirwa zvakanyanya muGermany neEurope. Paunenge uchinyorera yeT Ü V logo, mabhizinesi anogona kunyorera zvitupa zveCB pamwe chete uye kuwana zvitupa kubva kune dzimwe nyika kuburikidza nekutendeuka.
Uye zvakare, mushure mekunge chigadzirwa chapihwa chitupa, T Ü V yekuGermany ichatsvaga vanokwanisa vatengesi vechikamu uye kukurudzira zvigadzirwa izvi kune vanogadzirisa vanogadzira. Munguva yese yemuchina certification process, zvese zvikamu zvakawana T Ü V chiratidzo hazvibvumidzwe kuongororwa.

North America certification

Nyika dzakabatana
1. UL
UL inomirira Underwriter Laboratories Inc., rinova ndiro sangano rine chiremera muUnited States uye rimwe remasangano makuru akazvimirira pasi rose ari kuita bvunzo dzekuchengetedza uye kuongorora.
Inotora nzira dzekuyedza dzesainzi kuti dzidzidze uye kuona kana zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvishandiso, zvigadzirwa, zvivakwa, zvivakwa, nezvimwe zvinokonzeresa hupenyu nemidziyo, uye chiyero chekukuvadza; Sarudza, nyora, uye govera zviyero zvinoenderana uye zvinhu zvinobatsira kudzikisa uye kudzivirira kurasikirwa kuhupenyu nemidziyo, uchiitisa echokwadi masevhisi ekutsvagisa.
Muchidimbu, inonyanya kuita chitupa chekuchengetedzwa kwechigadzirwa uye chitupa chekuchengetedza bhizinesi, iine chinangwa chekupedzisira chekuwana zvinhu zvine mwero wakachengeteka pamusika, uye kuita mipiro yekuona hutano hwemunhu uye kuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo.
Senzira inoshanda yekubvisa zvipingamupinyi zvehunyanzvi mukutengeserana kwepasirese, UL inoita basa rakanaka mukusimudzira kuvandudzwa kwekutengeserana kwenyika kuburikidza nechigadzirwa chekuchengetedza chitupa.
2. FDA
Iyo Food and Drug Administration yeUnited States, yakapfupikiswa seFDA. Iyo FDA ndeimwe yevakuru vakuru vakagadzwa nehurumende yeUS mukati meDhipatimendi reHutano neHuman Services neDhipatimendi reHutano hweHurumende. Basa reFDA nderekuona kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu, zvizorwa, zvinodhaka, biologics, michina yekurapa, uye zvigadzirwa zvemwaranzi zvinogadzirwa kana kutengwa kunze kwenyika muUnited States.
Zvinoenderana nemirairo, iyo FDA ichapa yakatsaurirwa nhamba yekunyoresa kune wese anonyorera kuti anyore. Masangano ekunze anotumira chikafu kuUnited States anofanirwa kuzivisa US Food and Drug Administration maawa makumi maviri nemana asati asvika pachiteshi chengarava cheUS, zvikasadaro acharambidzwa kupinda uye kuvharirwa pachiteshi chekupinda.
3. ETLETL ndiwo chidimbu cheElectrical Testing Laboratories muUnited States.
Chero chipi zvacho chemagetsi, chemagetsi kana chemagetsi chinotakura chiratidzo chekuongorora cheETL chinoratidza kuti chakaedzwa uye chinosangana neakakodzera indasitiri zviyero. Indasitiri yega yega ine maitiro ekuyedza akasiyana, saka zvakakosha kubvunza nyanzvi kune chaiwo chigadzirwa zvinodiwa. Iyo ETL yekuongorora mucherechedzo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvigadzirwa zvetambo, zvichiratidza kuti yapasa bvunzo dzakakodzera.
4. FCC
Iyo Federal Communications Commission inoronga kutaurirana kwemukati nekunze nekudzora kutepfenyura kweredhiyo, terevhizheni, nharembozha, setiraiti, uye tambo. Inosanganisira zvinopfuura makumi mashanu ematunhu muUnited States, Colombia, nenzvimbo dzayo. Zvizhinji zvekushandisa zvisina waya zvigadzirwa, zvigadzirwa zvekutaurirana, uye zvigadzirwa zvedhijitari zvinoda mvumo yeFCC kupinda mumusika weUS.
FCC certification, inozivikanwawo seFederal Communications Certification muUnited States. Kusanganisira makombiyuta, michina yefax, midziyo yemagetsi, midziyo yokugamuchira nekutumira isina waya, matoyi eremote control asina waya, nhare, makombiyuta omunhu, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvingakuvadza kuchengeteka kwomunhu.
Kana chigadzirwa chikatumirwa kuUnited States, chinofanirwa kuongororwa uye kubvumidzwa nerabhoritari yakatenderwa nehurumende zvinoenderana neFCC tekinoroji zviyero. Vanopinza uye vamiririri vetsika vanosungirwa kuzivisa kuti imwe neimwe radio frequency mudziyo unoenderana neFCC zviyero, zvinoti marezinesi eFCC.
5. TSCA
Mutemo weToxic Substances Control Act, wakadimburirwa seTSCA, wakadzikwa neCongress yeUS muna 1976 ukatanga kushanda muna 1977. Unoitwa neUS Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Bhiri iri rine chinangwa chekutarisa zvizere kukonzeresa kwezvakatipoteredza, hupfumi, uye magariro emakemikari ari kutenderera mukati meUnited States, uye kudzivirira "njodzi dzisina musoro" kuhutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda. Mushure mekudzokorora kwakawanda, TSCA yave mutemo wakakosha wekutonga kunoshanda kwemakemikari zvinhu muUnited States. Kune mabhizinesi ane zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kuUnited States zvinowira pasi peTSCA inodzora chikamu, kutevedzera TSCA chinhu chinodiwa pakuita kutengeserana kwakajairwa.

Kanadha

BSI
BSI iBritish Standards Institution, inova ndiyo yekutanga pasi rose yekumisikidza bato. Haidzorwi nehurumende asi yakawana rutsigiro rwakasimba kubva kuhurumende. BSI inogadzira uye inodzokorora zviyero zveBritish uye inosimudzira kuita kwavo.

CSA
CSA ndiyo chidimbu cheCanadian Standards Association, yakavambwa muna 1919 sesangano reCanada rekutanga risingaiti purofiti rakazvipira kusimudzira zviyero zvemaindasitiri.
Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi nemagetsi zvinotengeswa mumusika wekuNorth America zvinoda chitupa maererano nekuchengetedza. Parizvino, CSA ndiyo yakakura kwazvo certification body muCanada uye imwe yemapato anozivikanwa ekuchengetedza zvitupa pasirese. Inogona kupa chitupa chekuchengetedza kune ese marudzi ezvigadzirwa, zvinosanganisira michina, zvekuvakisa, midziyo yemagetsi, komputa michina, midziyo yehofisi, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, kuchengetedza moto wekurapa, mitambo uye varaidzo. CSA yakapa masevhisi ezvitupa kuzviuru zvevagadziri pasi rese, nemazana emamiriyoni ezvigadzirwa zvine CSA logo zvinotengeswa gore rega mumusika wekuNorth America.

Zvitupa zveAsia
China

1. CCC
Zvinoenderana nekuzvipira kweChina kupinda muWTO uye musimboti wekuratidza mabatirwo enyika, nyika inoshandisa logo yakabatana yekumanikidza chigadzirwa chitupa. Mucherechedzo mutsva wepasirese wepasireti unopihwa zita rekuti "China Compulsory Certification", ine zita reChirungu "China Compulsory Certification" uye chidimbu cheChirungu "CCC".
China inoshandisa inosungirwa chigadzirwa chitupa kune zana nemakumi mana nemapfumbamwe ezvigadzirwa muzvikamu makumi maviri nemaviri makuru. Mushure mekushandiswa kweChina chinosungirwa chitupa chiratidzo, zvishoma nezvishoma chinotsiva chepakutanga "Great Wall" chiratidzo uye "CCIB" chiratidzo.
2. CB
CB isangano renyika retifiketi rinozivikanwa uye rakapihwa zvitupa zveCB neManagement Committee (Mc) yeInternational Electrotechnical Commission's Electrical Product Safety Certification Organisation (iEcEE) muna Chikumi 1991. Zviteshi zvipfumbamwe zvekuyedza zvinogamuchirwa semarabhoritari eCB (marabhoritari emutumbi wezvitupa. ) Kune zvese zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, chero bhizinesi richiwana chitupa cheCB uye mushumo webvunzo wakapihwa nekomiti, nyika makumi matatu nhengo mukati meIECEE ccB system inozozivikanwa, zvichibvisa kukosha kwekutumira masampuli kunyika inopinza kunoongororwa. Izvi zvinochengetedza zvese mutengo uye nguva yekuwana chitupa chetifiketi kubva kunyika iyoyo, iyo inobatsira zvakanyanya pakutengesa kunze zvigadzirwa.

Japani
PSE
Iyo inosungirwa musika yekuwana sisitimu yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zveJapan zvakare chikamu chakakosha cheJapan Electrical Product Safety Law.
Parizvino, hurumende yeJapan inokamura zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi kuita "zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi" uye "zvisiri-zvakananga zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi" zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zveJapan Electrical Product Safety Law, pakati peiyo "yakatarwa zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi" zvinosanganisira 115 marudzi ezvigadzirwa; Zvisiri zvemagetsi zvigadzirwa zvinosanganisira 338 marudzi ezvigadzirwa.
PSE inosanganisira zvinodiwa kune ese EMC uye chengetedzo. Kune zvigadzirwa zvakanyorwa mu "chaiyo magetsi emagetsi" catalog, ichipinda mumusika weJapan, zvinofanirwa kupihwa zvitupa nechitatu-bato retifiketi agency yakatenderwa neJapan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, kuwana chitupa chetifiketi, uye kuve nedhaimondi rakaumbwa. PSE logo pane iyo label.
CQC ndiyo yega sangano retifiketi muChina rakanyorera kuJapan PSE certification certification. Parizvino, zvikamu zvechigadzirwa zveJapan PSE chigadzirwa chitupa chakawanikwa neCQC ndiwo mapoka makuru matatu: waya netambo (kusanganisira zvigadzirwa makumi maviri), midziyo yewaya (midziyo yemagetsi, midziyo yekuvhenekesa, nezvimwewo, zvinosanganisira makumi matatu nemasere zvigadzirwa), uye magetsi emagetsi ekushandisa muchina. (midziyo yemumba, kusanganisira 12 zvigadzirwa).

Korea
KC chiratidzo
Zvinoenderana neKorea Electrical Chigadzirwa Chekuchengetedza Management Mutemo, iyo KC Maka Certification Zvigadzirwa Rondedzero inokamura magetsi chigadzirwa chekuchengetedza chitupa kuita chinosungirwa chitupa uye yekuzvidira certification kutanga kubva Ndira 1, 2009.
Compulsory certification inoreva zvese zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zviri zvechikamu chinosungirwa uye zvinofanirwa kuwana KC Mark certification zvisati zvatengeswa mumusika weKorea. Kuongororwa kwepagore fekitori uye bvunzo dzesampling yechigadzirwa zvinodikanwa. Self regulatory (voluntary) certification inoreva zvese zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zviri zvekuzvidira zvigadzirwa zvinongoda kuongororwa uye kupihwa zvitupa, uye zvisingade kuongororwa fekitori. Chitupa chinoshanda kwemakore mashanu.

Certification mune mamwe matunhu

Ositireriya

1. C/A-tiketi
Icho chiratidzo chetifiketi chakapihwa neAustralia Communications Authority (ACA) yemidziyo yekutaurirana, ine C-tick certification kutenderera kwemavhiki 1-2.
Chigadzirwa chacho chinoitwa neACAQ tekinoroji yekuyedzwa, kunyoresa neACA kushandisa A/C-Tick, inozadza Declaration of Conformity Form, uye inoichengeta pamwe chete nerekodhi yekuteerera chigadzirwa. Label ine A/C-Tick logo inonamirwa kune yekukurukurirana chigadzirwa kana midziyo. A-Tiki inotengeswa kune vatengi inongoshanda kune zvigadzirwa zvekutaurirana, uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinowanzoita C-Tick application. Nekudaro, kana zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi dzikanyorera A-Chikwepa, ivo havafanire kunyorera C-Tick zvakasiyana. Kubva muna Mbudzi 2001, zvikumbiro zveEMI kubva kuAustralia/New Zealand zvakabatanidzwa; Kana chigadzirwa ichi chichizotengeswa munyika mbiri idzi, magwaro anotevera anofanira kunge akakwana asati atengeswa, kana ACA (Australian Communications Authority) kana New Zealand (Ministry of Economic Development) zviremera zvikaita ongororo chero nguva.
Iyo EMC sisitimu yekuAustralia inopatsanura zvigadzirwa kuita nhanho nhatu, uye vatengesi vanofanirwa kunyoresa neACA vonyorera kuti vashandise C-Tick logo vasati vatengesa Level 2 uye Level 3 zvigadzirwa.

2. SAA
SAA certification isangano rakajairwa pasi peSchools Association yeAustralia, saka shamwari zhinji dzinodaidza chitupa cheAustralia seSAA. SAA chitupa chinowanzo tarisana neindasitiri chekuti zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinopinda mumusika weAustralia zvinofanirwa kutevedzera mirairo yekuchengetedza yemuno. Nekuda kwechibvumirano chekuzivikanwa pakati peAustralia neNew Zealand, zvigadzirwa zvese zvakasimbiswa neAustralia zvinokwanisa kupinda mumusika weNew Zealand kutengeswa.
Zvese zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinofanirwa kuita chitupa chekuchengetedza (SAA).
Kune mhando mbiri huru dzeSAA logos, imwe ndeyekuzivikanwa zviri pamutemo uye imwe ndeye standard logos. Formal certification ibasa remasamples chete, nepo zviyero zvakajairwa zvinoda kuongororwa fekitori kumunhu wega wega.
Parizvino, kune nzira mbiri dzekunyorera SAA certification muChina. Imwe ndeyekuendesa CB test report. Kana pasina CB test report, unogona kunyorera zvakananga. Kazhinji, nguva yekunyorera yeAustralia SAA certification yezvakajairwa ITAV mwenje zvigadziriso uye midziyo midiki yemumba ndeye 3-4 mavhiki. Kana mhando yechigadzirwa isingaenderane nezviyero, zuva racho rinogona kuwedzerwa. Kana uchiendesa rondedzero kuti iongororwe muAustralia, zvinodikanwa kuti upe chitupa cheSAA cheplug yechigadzirwa (kunyanya kune zvigadzirwa zvine plugs), zvikasadaro hazvizogadziriswe. Izvo zvakakosha zviri muchigadzirwa zvinoda chitupa cheSAA, senge chitupa cheSAA chemagetsi ekuvhenekesa, zvikasadaro zvinhu zveAustralia zvekuongorora hazvitenderwe.

Saudhi Arabhiya
SASO
Chidimburidzo cheSaudi Arabian Standards Organisation. SASO ine basa rekugadzira zviyero zvenyika zvezvese zvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva uye zvigadzirwa, izvo zvinosanganisirawo kuyerwa kwemasisitimu, kunyora mazita, nezvimwe. Kuburitsa zvitupa kune basa rakakosha zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Chinangwa chepakutanga chechitupa neredhisheni system ndechekuronga kugadzirwa kwemagariro, kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekugadzira, uye kusimudzira budiriro yehupfumi kuburikidza nenzira dzakamisikidzwa senge zviyero zvakabatana, mirau yehunyanzvi, uye maitiro ekuongorora maitiro.