Musika weMiddle East unoreva dunhu kunyanya kuWest Asia uye kutenderera Europe, Asia neAfrica, kusanganisira Iran, Kuwait, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt nedzimwe nyika. Huwandu hwevanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi mapfumbamwe. Avhareji yezera rehuwandu munharaunda yese ndeye makore makumi maviri nemashanu. Vanopfuura hafu yevanhu vari kuMiddle East vechidiki, uye vechidiki ava ndivo boka guru revatengi rekuyambuka muganhu e-commerce, kunyanya mobile e-commerce.
Nekuda kwekuvimba zvakanyanya nekutengesa zviwanikwa kunze kwenyika, nyika dziri kuMiddle East dzinenge dziine hwaro husina kusimba hwemaindasitiri, chimiro chimwe chete cheindasitiri, uye kuwedzera kudiwa kwevatengi uye zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri. Mumakore achangopfuura, kutengeserana pakati peChina neMiddle East kwave pedyo.
Ndezvipi zvitupa zvikuru muMiddle East?
Saber certification inyowani online application system yakatangwa neSASO. Saber ichokwadi chishandiso chetiweki chinoshandiswa kunyoreswa kwechigadzirwa, kuburitsa uye kuwana kutevedzera COC zvitupa. Iyo inonzi Saber ndeye online network system chishandiso chakatangwa neSaudi Bureau of Standards. Iyo yakazara isina mapepa hofisi sisitimu yekunyoreswa kwechigadzirwa, kuburitsa uye kuwana kuteedzera mvumo SC zvitupa (Shipment Chitupa). Iyo SABER conformity certification chirongwa ndeye yakazara sisitimu inoisa mirau, tekinoroji zvinodiwa uye matanho ekudzora. Chinangwa chayo ndechekuona inishuwarenzi yezvigadzirwa zvemuno uye zvigadzirwa zvinobva kunze kwenyika.
Chitupa cheSABER chakakamurwa kuita zvitupa zviviri, chimwe chitupa chePC, chinova chitupa chechigadzirwa (Sitifiketi Yekuenderana Nezve Zvigadzirwa Zvakadzorwa), uye imwe yacho SC, inova chitupa chekutumira (Shipment Conformity chitupa chezvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika).
Chitupa chePC chitupa chekunyoresa chigadzirwa chinoda mushumo wekuyedza chigadzirwa (vamwe vanogadzira zvigadzirwa vanodawo kuongororwa fekitori) vasati vanyoreswa muSABER system. Chitupa chinoshanda kwegore rimwe chete.
Ndeapi mapoka eSaudi Saber certification mirau?
Category 1: Supplier Conformity Declaration (isina-inodzorwa chikamu, chirevo chekuteerera kweanopa)
Chikamu 2: Chitupa cheCOC OR QM Chitupa (General control, COC certificate kana QM certificate)
Chikamu 3: IECEE Chitupa (zvigadzirwa zvinodzorwa neIECEE zviyero uye zvinoda kunyorera IECEE)
Chikamu 4: Chitupa cheGCTS (zvigadzirwa zviri pasi peGCC mirau uye zvinoda kunyorera chitupa cheGCC)
Chikamu 5: QM Chitupa (zvigadzirwa zviri pasi peGCC mirau uye zvinoda kunyorera QM)
2. GCC certification yenyika nomwe dzeGulf, GMARK certification
GCC certification, inozivikanwawo seGMARK certification, inzira yekusimbisa inoshandiswa munyika dzenhengo dzeGulf Cooperation Council (GCC). GCC isangano remubatanidzwa wezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi rinoumbwa nenyika nhanhatu dzeGulf: Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain neOman. Chitupa cheGCC chine chinangwa chekuona kuti zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa pamisika yenyika idzi zvinoenderana nemaitiro ehunyanzvi uye mirau yekusimudzira kutengeserana nedzimwe nyika nekuvandudza mhando yechigadzirwa.
Chitupa cheGMark chinoreva chitupa chepamutemo chinowanikwa nezvigadzirwa zvakasimbiswa neGCC. Ichi chitupa chinoratidza kuti chigadzirwa chapfuura nhevedzano yebvunzo uye ongororo uye zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi mazinga nemirau yakadzikwa nenyika dzenhengo dzeGCC. GMark certification inowanzova imwe yemagwaro anodiwa ekuunza zvigadzirwa kunyika dzeGCC kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa uye kushandiswa zviri pamutemo.
Ndezvipi zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kuve GCC certified?
Iyo tekinoroji mirairo yeyakaderera-voltage magetsi emidziyo uye zvigadzirwa zvinovhara zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi emagetsi ane AC voltage pakati pe50-1000V uye DC voltage pakati pe75-1500V. Zvese zvigadzirwa zvinoda kunamirwa neGC mucherechedzo usati watenderedzwa pakati penhengo dzeGulf Standardization Organisation (GSO); zvigadzirwa zvine mucherechedzo weGC zvinoratidza kuti chigadzirwa chatevedzera mirairo yeGCC tekinoroji.
Pakati pavo, gumi nemana emhando yezvigadzirwa anosanganisirwa muchikamu cheGCC inomanikidzirwa certification (inodzorwa zvigadzirwa), uye inofanirwa kuwana chitupa cheGCC chetifiketi chakapihwa neakatemerwa certification agency.
ECAS inoreva Emirates Conformity Assessment System, inova chirongwa chekupa zvitupa chakatenderwa neUAE Federal Law No. ESMA) yeUnited Arab Emirates. Zvese zvigadzirwa mukati mechikamu chekunyoresa ECAS uye chitupa zvinofanirwa kumakwa neiyo ECAS logo uye Notified Body NB nhamba mushure mekuwana chitupa. Vanofanira kunyorera uye kuwana Chitupa cheConformity (CoC) vasati vapinda mumusika weUAE.
Zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika muUAE zvinofanirwa kuwana ECAS certification zvisati zvatengeswa munharaunda. ECAS ndiyo chidimbu cheEmirates Conformity Assessment System, iyo inoshandiswa nekupihwa neESMA UAE Standards Bureau.
4. Iran COC certification, Iran COI certification
Iran's Certified Export Export COI (chitupa chekuongorora), zvinoreva kuongorora kutevedza muChinese, kuongorora kwakabatana kunodiwa neIran inosungirwa kupinza zviri pamutemo ongororo. Kana zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze zviri mukati mechikamu cheCOI (chitupa chekuongorora) runyorwa, mutengesi anofanira kuitisa mvumo yetsika zvinoenderana neIran yenyika chiyero ISIRI uye oburitsa chitupa. Kuti uwane chitupa chekuendesa kunze kwenyika kuIran, chitupa chakakodzera chinoda kuitwa kuburikidza neane mvumo yechitatu-bato agency. Zvizhinji zvezvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri, zvishandiso uye muchina unopinzwa muIran zviri pasi pezvinosungirwa zvitupa zvakatarwa neISIRI (Iranian Standards Industrial Research Institute). Mitemo yeIran yekupinza nyika yakaoma uye inoda huwandu hukuru hwezvinyorwa. Kuti uwane ruzivo, ndapota tarisa kuIran Inomanikidzira Certification Chigadzirwa Chinyorwa kuti unzwisise zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kuita iyo ISIRI "Conformity Verification" maitiro.
5. Israel SII chitupa
SII ndiyo chidimbu cheIsrael Standards Institute. Kunyangwe SII isangano risiri rehurumende, inotungamirwa zvakananga nehurumende yeIsrael uye ine basa rekumisa, kuongororwa kwechigadzirwa uye kupihwa chitupa muIsrael.
SII chiyero chinomanikidzirwa chitupa muIsrael. Kune zvigadzirwa zvinoda kupinda muIsrael, Israel inoshandisa yekuongorora tsika uye yekutarisa nzira dzekutarisa kuona kuti zvigadzirwa zvinosangana zvinoenderana nemhando zvinodiwa. Kazhinji nguva yekuongorora yakareba, asi kana ichitengeswa kunze kwenyika Kana mutengesi akawana chitupa cheSII asati atumirwa, maitiro ekuongorora tsika achaderedzwa zvikuru. Iyo YeIsrael Tsika inongo simbisa kuenderana kwezvinhu uye chitupa, pasina kudikanwa kwekuongororwa zvisina tsarukano.
Zvinoenderana ne "Standardization Law", Israel inokamura zvigadzirwa kuita 4 mazinga zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekukuvadza kwavangakonzeresa kuhutano hweveruzhinji nekuchengetedzeka, uye inoshandisa manejimendi akasiyana:
Kirasi I zvigadzirwa zvinoisa njodzi yakanyanya kuhutano hweveruzhinji nekuchengetedzeka:
Zvakadai semidziyo yemumba, matoyi evana, midziyo yekumanikidza, inotakurika bubble fire extinguisher, nezvimwe.
Kirasi II chigadzirwa chine mwero mwero wenjodzi inogona kuhutano hweveruzhinji nekuchengetedzeka:
Kusanganisira magirazi ezuva, mabhora ezvinangwa zvakasiyana, pombi dzekuisa, makapeti, mabhodhoro, zvekuvakisa nezvimwe.
Kirasi III zvigadzirwa zvinoisa njodzi yakaderera kuhutano hweveruzhinji nekuchengetedzeka:
Kusanganisira ceramic mataira, ceramic sanitary ware, nezvimwe.
Chikamu IV zvigadzirwa zvekushandiswa kwemaindasitiri chete uye kwete zvakananga kune vatengi:
Zvakadai sezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zveindasitiri, nezvimwe.
6. Kuwait COC certification, Iraq COC certification
Pachikamu chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu zvinotumirwa kuKuwait, gwaro remvumo remvumo yeCOC (Chitupa cheKuenderana) rinofanira kuendeswa. Chitupa cheCOC igwaro rinoratidza kuti chigadzirwa chinoenderana nehunyanzvi hwekuita uye mazinga ekuchengetedza emunyika inopinza. Iri zvakare rimwe remagwaro anodiwa ekupihwa rezenisi kubvumidzwa kwecustomu munyika inopinza. Kana zvigadzirwa zviri mukhathalogi yekudzora zvakakura muhuwandu uye zvichitumirwa kazhinji, zvinokurudzirwa kunyorera chitupa cheCOC pamberi. Izvi zvinodzivirira kunonoka uye kusagadzikana kunokonzerwa nekushaikwa kweCOC chitupa pamberi pekutakura zvinhu.
Mukuita kunyorera chitupa cheCOC, mushumo wekuongorora wehunyanzvi wechigadzirwa unodiwa. Chirevo ichi chinofanirwa kupihwa nesangano rinozivikanwa rekuongorora kana sangano rezvitupa uye rinoratidza kuti chigadzirwa chinoenderana nehunyanzvi hwekuita uye mazinga ekuchengetedza emunyika inopinza. Zviri mukati memushumo wekuongorora zvinofanirwa kusanganisira zita, modhi, zvakatemwa, tekinoroji paramita, nzira dzekuongorora, mhedzisiro yekuongorora uye rumwe ruzivo rwechigadzirwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinodikanwa zvakare kupa ruzivo rwakakodzera senge chigadzirwa samples kana mafoto kuti uwedzere kuongororwa uye kuongororwa.
Kuongororwa kwekushisa kwakadzika
Zvinoenderana nekuyedza nzira yakatsanangurwa muGB/T 2423.1-2008, drone yakaiswa mubhokisi rekuyedza kwezvakatipoteredza patembiricha ye (-25±2) ° C uye nguva yekuyedza yemaawa gumi nematanhatu. Mushure mekunge bvunzo yapera uye kudzoserwa pasi peyakajairwa mamiriro emuchadenga kwemaawa maviri, iyo drone inofanirwa kukwanisa kushanda zvakajairika.
Vibration bvunzo
Zvinoenderana nekuongorora nzira yakataurwa muGB/T2423.10-2008:
Iyo drone iri mune isiri-kushanda mamiriro uye isina kurongedzerwa;
Frequency range: 10Hz ~ 150Hz;
Crossover frequency: 60Hz;
f＜60Hz, inogara iine amplitude 0.075mm;
f> 60Hz, kukurumidza kukurumidza 9.8m/s2 (1g);
Single point of control;
Huwandu hwema scan cycles pa axis i l0.
Kuongorora kunofanirwa kuitwa pasi peiyo drone uye nguva yekuongorora imaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Mushure mekuongorora, iyo drone haifanirwe kunge isina kukuvara kwechitarisiko uye inokwanisa kushanda zvakajairika.
Drop test
Iyo yekudonhedza bvunzo bvunzo yenguva dzose iyo yakawanda zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kuita. Kune rumwe rutivi, ndeyekutarisa kana kurongedza kwechigadzirwa che drone kunogona kuchengetedza chigadzirwa chacho zvakanaka kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwekufambisa; kune rumwe rutivi, iyo chaizvoizvo hardware ye ndege. kuvimbika.
pressure test
Pasi pesimba rekushandisa zvakanyanya, iyo drone inoiswa kumiyedzo yekushushikana senge kukanganisa uye kutakura mutoro. Mushure mekunge bvunzo yapera, iyo drone inoda kukwanisa kuenderera ichishanda zvakajairika.
life span test
Ita bvunzo dzehupenyu pane drone's gimbal, inoona radar, bhatani remagetsi, mabhatani, nezvimwe, uye mhinduro dzebvunzo dzinofanira kuenderana nemirairo yechigadzirwa.
Wear resistance test
Shandisa RCA bepa tepi yeabrasion kuramba kuyedza, uye mhedzisiro yebvunzo inofanirwa kuenderana neabrasion zvinodiwa zvakamisikidzwa pachigadzirwa.
Mimwe miedzo yenguva dzose
Zvakadai sechitarisiko, kuongorora kwekurongedza, kuongorora kwakakwana kwegungano, zvakakosha zvikamu uye kuongorora kwemukati, kunyora, kumaka, kuongorora kudhinda, nezvimwe.
Nguva yekutumira: May-25-2024