Plastiki ke resin ea maiketsetso, e entsoeng ka petroleum 'me e thoholelitsoe e le "e 'ngoe ea liqapi tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa moloko oa batho lekholong la bo20 la lilemo". Tšebeliso e pharalletseng ea “tlhahiso ena e khōlō” e tlisitse boiketlo bo boholo ho batho, empa ho lahloa ha lipolasetiki tse litšila ho fetohile bothata bo boima ho moloko oohle oa batho. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, ke 9% feela ea lithane tse fetang limilione tse likete tse 10 tsa lipolasetiki tsa litšila tse hlahisoang lefatšeng ka bophara ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1950 tse ka sebelisoang hape. Ho nka liphutheloana tsa polasetiki e le mohlala, haeba ho se na lithibelo tse behiloeng, boima ba litšila tsa polasetiki leoatleng bo tla feta ba litlhapi ka 2050, bo baloang ho latela bongata ba litšila ba hona joale. Moruo oa polasetiki ke mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa ho fihlela tlhoro ea khabone le ho se nke lehlakore ha khabone, hape ke moelelo oa mantlha oa ho potlakisa phetoho e tala ea mokhoa oa nts'etsopele, ho potlakisa kaho ea sistimi ea litšila, le ho khothaletsa lintho tse tlang pele bophelong ba tikoloho, ho pholosa le ho teba, tse tala le tse tlase. -ntlafatso ea khabone e sisintsoeng tlalehong ea Kopano ea Naha ea Bo-20 ea CPC. Sengoliloeng sena se u nka ho utloisisa boemo ba mantlha ba litšila tsa polasetiki tse sebelisoang lapeng le kantle ho naha.
Bohlokoa ba ho potlakisa khaho ea tsamaiso ea litšila ea polasetiki
Ntlafatsa melemo ea moruo
Ho ea ka khakanyo e tsitsitseng ea Lenaneo la Tikoloho la Machaba a Kopaneng, litšenyehelo tsa tikoloho tsa potoloho e sa sebetseng ea liphutheloana tsa polasetiki lefatšeng ka bophara li ka ba lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 40, 'me hoo e ka bang 95% ea boleng ba thepa ea ho paka polasetiki e senyehile ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea nako e le' ngoe. e tla baka tahlehelo e tobileng ea moruo ea liranta tse libilione tse 80 ho isa ho $120 bilione selemo le selemo.
2. Fokotsa tšilafalo e tšoeu
Tšilafalo ea litšila tsa polasetiki ha e silafatse tikoloho ea tlhaho feela, empa e boetse e senya bophelo ba batho le ba liphoofolo. Lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao li bontša hore likaroloana tsa polasetiki li fumanoa methapong ea mali ea motho le placenta ea bakhachane. Ho latela tlaleho e phatlalalitsoeng ke World Wide Fund for Nature ka 2019, motho ea tloaelehileng lefatšeng ka bophara o ja ligrama tse 5 tsa polasetiki ka beke, e lekanang le boima ba karete ea mokoloto.
3. Fokotsa tšilafalo ea khabone
Khabone ea potoloho ea bophelo bohle ea lithane tse 1 tsa lipolasetiki tsa litšila ho tloha tlhahiso ho isa mollong oa ho qetela e ka ba lithane tse 6.8, kakaretso ea khabone ea mohato o mong le o mong oa potoloho ea litšila ea polasetiki ke lithane tse 2.9, 'me phokotso eohle ea khabone ea' mele. potoloho e ka bang 3,9 lithane; Kakaretso ea khabone ea sehokelo ka seng sa potoloho ea lik'hemik'hale ke lithane tse 5,2, 'me phokotso ea khabone ke lithane tse 1,6.
4. Ho boloka mehloli ea oli
Ka tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea theknoloji ea ho tsosolosa, ho lebeletsoe hore sekhahla sa ho tsosolosoa ha polasetiki se tla eketseha ho tloha ho 30% ho ea ho 60% ka 2060, ho boloka lithane tse limilione tse 200 tsa mehloli ea oli, e tla ba le tšusumetso e kholo mokhoeng oa ho hloekisa. indasteri.
5. Ntlafatsa tlholisano ea likhoebo
Lekhetho la liphutheloana tsa EU le lekhetho la moeli oa carbon li tla lefisoa haufinyane. Ho hakanngoa hore palo ea lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki tse lefisitsoeng Chaena e tla fihla ho li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 70 ka 2030, ha phaello ea likhoebo tsa tlhahiso ea resin Chaena e lebelletsoe ho ba li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 96 ka 2030, mme matla a lekhetho a tla fihla ho 3/4. Leha ho le joalo, haeba likhoebo li eketsa karolo e itseng ea thepa e sebelisoang hape lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki, ho tla khonahala ho fokotsa kapa ho lokolla lekhetho, ka hona ho ntlafatsa tlholisano le tšusumetso ea mofuta oa likhoebo.
Ho tsosolosoa ha lipolasetiki tsa litšila Chaena
China ke naha e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka bophara ea ho etsa, ho e sebelisa le ho e romela kantle ho naha. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea maemo a bophelo a batho, tlhahiso ea litšila tsa polasetiki le eona e eketsehile selemo le selemo. Ka 2021, lipolasetiki li tla ikarabella bakeng sa 12% ea litšila tse tiileng tsa China. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ha tlhokomeliso ea batho ea ts'ireletso ea tikoloho e ntse e eketseha butle-butle, karolo ea ho tsosolosoa ha polasetiki le eona e eketsehile butle-butle. Ho ea ka tlaleho ea OECD 2020, ho lebelletsoe hore sekhahla sa ho sebelisoa hape ha lipolasetiki tsa litšila nakong eohle ea bophelo se tla nyoloha ho tloha ho 8% ka 2019 ho isa ho 14% ka 2060.
Litonanahali tse ngata li bokellana tšimong ea phepelo ea lik'hemik'hale ea lipolasetiki tsa litšila
Nexus: Ho reriloe hore bonyane ho be le lifeme tse kholo tse 12 lilemong tse hlano ho sebelisa litšila tsa lifilimi tse tsoang mehloling e fapaneng ka lik'hemik'hale.
BASF: BASF e tsetetse li-euro tse limilione tse 20 ho Quantafuel, k'hamphani ea Norway, ho ntšetsa pele le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho sebelisa litšila tsa polasetiki tse tsoakiloeng ho hlahisa oli ea pyrolysis.
SABIC: Tšebelisano ea mekha e mengata e reretsoeng ho eketsa tlhahiso ea li-polymers tse netefalitsoeng tsa cyclic tse fumanoeng lipolasetiki tsa litšila le ho kenya letsoho morerong oa ho khutlisa lik'hemik'hale tsa polasetiki tsa leoatleng.
Total Energy: e saenetse tumellano ea nako e telele ea khoebo le Vanheede Environment Group ho fana ka lisebelisoa tse tala tsa post-consumer recycling (PCR)
ExxonMobil: Kamora ho atolosoa ha polante Texas, e tla ba e 'ngoe ea litsi tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa ho sebelisa litšila tsa polasetiki Amerika Leboea.
Mura: Theknoloji ea thepa HydroPRS e ka qoba ho hlahisa "carbon" le ho eketsa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsa hydrocarbon.
Dow: E ntse e batla ka matla ho theha balekane ba khoebo le bareki ho holisa tekanyo ea theknoloji ea ho khutlisa lik'hemik'hale kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang.
Braskem (mohlahisi e moholo ka ho fetisisa oa polyolefin linaheng tsa Amerika): Ho netefalitsoe hore tlhahiso ea li-intermediate tsa bohlokoa tse kang aromatics le monomers e phahame.
Maikutlo a Setsebi
Potoloho ea polasetiki e matlafatsa phetoho e tala ea mokhoa oa nts'etsopele
Fu Xiangsheng, Motlatsi oa Mopresidente oa Federeishene ea Indasteri ea Petroleum le Lik'hemik'hale ea China
Ho tloha ha e tsoaloa, li-plastiki li entse tlatsetso ea bohlokoa tsoelo-peleng ea tsoelo-pele ea batho, haholo-holo ho nkela tšepe le lehong sebaka, ho boloka matla le ho fokotsa mosi. Empa joale, e se e le tumellano ea lefatše lohle ea ho laola tšilafalo ea polasetiki. Moruo oa polasetiki ke mohato oa bohlokoa oa ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea tikoloho ea polasetiki.
Moruo oa polasetiki o arotsoe ka potoloho ea 'mele le potoloho ea lik'hemik'hale. Tšebeliso ea 'mele ke mokhoa o sebetsang oa ho tsosolosa litšila tsa polasetiki ka har'a cascade. Ho sebelisoa hape ka lik'hemik'hale ho ka hlokomela boleng bo phahameng ba tšebeliso ea lipolasetiki tsa litšila, 'me likhoebo tse ngata lapeng le kantle ho naha li entse likatleho tsa bohlokoa.
Ba bang ba sebelisa mekhoa ea depolymerization kapa decomposition ho fokotsa litšila tsa polasetiki ho li-monomers le ho etsa polymerize ho hlokomela potoloho ea lik'hemik'hale. Ho utloisisoa hore DuPont le Huntsman ba pele lilemong tsa morao tjena ba ithutile "theknoloji ea ho bola ea methanol" ea ho senya libotlolo tsa lino tse litšila tsa polyester (PET) ka methyl terephthalate le ethylene glycol monomers, ebe ba kopanya hape resin e ncha ea PET, ba elelloa hore ho koetsoe. loop chemical cycle.
Tse ling ke khase ea lipolasetiki tsa litšila hore e be li-syngas kapa pyrolysis lihlahisoa tsa oli, ho kopanya hape lik'hemik'hale le li-polymers. Ka mohlala, BASF e ntse e hlahisa mokhoa oa ho senya mocheso o fetolang lipolasetiki tsa litšila ka li-syngas kapa lihlahisoa tsa oli, 'me o sebelisa thepa ena e tala ho hlahisa lik'hemik'hale tse sa tšoaneng kapa li-polymers setsing se kopantsoeng sa Ludwigshafen, se nang le boleng bo fihlang sehlopheng sa lijo; Eastman e hlokomela ho tsosolosoa ha lik'hemik'hale tsa letoto la litšila tsa polasetiki tsa polyester ka theknoloji ea ho tsosolosoa ha polyester, e ka fokotsang khase ea mocheso oa mocheso ka 20% ~ 30% ha e bapisoa le mekhoa ea setso; Morero o reretsoe ho qala ts'ebetsong ka Loetse 2023 ka ho sebelisa sets'oants'o sa bethe sa mokelikeli ho futhumatsa polasetiki ea litšila ka bohloeki bo tlase mme ha ho bonolo ho e sebelisa hape le ho hlahisa methanol ho tsoa ho li-syngas tse fumanoeng. Mokhoa ona o ka fokotsa ka botlalo tlhahiso ea carbon dioxide ka lithane tse 100000 ho lithane tse 60000 tsa litšila tsa polasetiki. China Petrochemical Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Science le Indasteri le likhoebo tse ling le tsona li fihletse sephetho sa mekhahlelo ea ho sebelisa polasetiki hape.
Potoloho ea lik'hemik'hale ha se bothata bo boima ho ea ka pono ea tekheniki, hobane likarolo tse ngata tsa lik'hemik'hale li ka fetoloa: li ka senyeha haeba li ka etsoa, 'me li ka senyeha haeba li ka etsoa polymerized. Hona joale, tšitiso e kholo ka ho fetisisa ke moruo. Ke litšenyehelo le theko. Ka hona, litharollo tsa tekheniki feela ha lia lekana, empa hape li hloka ho khothaletsoa ha maano, hammoho le tumellano ea batho le ts'ebetso ea lefats'e.
Potlakisa ts'ebeliso le ho tsebahala ha theknoloji ea ho hlaphoheloa ha lik'hemik'hale
Li Mingfeng, Mopresidente oa Sinopec Research Institute ea Petroleum le Chemical Technology
Tšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale ea lipolasetiki tsa litšila e nkoa e le mokhoa oa ho sebelisa carbon e tlaase, o hloekileng le o tsitsitseng lapeng le linaheng tse ling. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, linatla tsa machaba tsa lik'hemik'hale li potlakisitse sebopeho sa tsona lebaleng la ho nchafatsa polasetiki. LG, Saudi Basic Industry Corporation, BP le likhoebo tse ling tse tsebahalang machabeng li entse lipatlisiso mabapi le ho sebelisoa hape ha lipolasetiki. Har'a bona, ho hlaphoheloa ha lik'hemik'hale ke habohlokoa ka ho fetisisa. Hobane ho hlaphoheloa ha lik'hemik'hale ho sebetsa ho li-plastiki tsa litšila tse tsoakiloeng tse nang le litšila tse phahameng 'me li ke ke tsa tsosolosoa' meleng, ho nkoa e le tataiso ea tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea nakong e tlang ke indasteri. Hajoale, ke 12% feela ea lipolasetiki tsa litšila tsa China tse sebelisoang hape ka mekhoa ea 'mele,' me ha ho na mokhoa oa lik'hemik'hale, kahoo ho ntse ho e-na le sebaka se seholo sa nts'etsopele.
Kholiso ea ho hlaphoheloa ha lik'hemik'hale e tlameha ho tšehetsoa ke theknoloji. Theknoloji ea pyrolysis ea litšila ke theknoloji ea mantlha ea mantlha eo hoo e ka bang likhoebo tsohle li tla e sebelisa. Leha ho le joalo, nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea pyrolysis ea litšila e thata haholo, hobane ho na le mefuta e fetang 200 ea lisebelisoa tse tala tsa polasetiki tse amehang, ho kenyelletsa le lipolasetiki tse akaretsang, lipolasetiki tse khethehileng le lipolasetiki tsa boenjiniere, tse etsang hore litlhoko tsa tekheniki tsa likhoebo tse fapaneng tsa ho hloekisa le lik'hemik'hale li be thata haholo. Hona joale, le hoja theknoloji ea ho hlaphoheloa ha lik'hemik'hale tsa polasetiki ea litšila Chaena e fihletse tsoelo-pele e potlakileng, e ntse e le sethaleng sa ho atolosa ho tloha ho tse nyenyane ho ea ho pontšo ea lifofane kapa tsa indasteri. Ho elelloa ka potlako likhatelopele tsa theknoloji ho hloka lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea theknoloji e kholoanyane le tšebelisano e pharaletseng.
Ka 2021, e etelletsoeng pele ke Academy of Petroleum Sciences, lihlopha tse 11, ho kenyelletsa le Joint Engineering Construction Company, Yanshan Petrochemical, Yangzi Petrochemical, Maoming Petrochemical, China Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing Institute of Petroleum le Chemical Technology, Univesithi ea Tongji, Zhejiang Yangtze River. Delta Institute of Circular Economy and Technology, e ile ea etsa kopo ea "Industrial Technology Innovation Center for Chemical Recycling of Waste Plastics” ya Petrochemical Federation mme a hapa laesense ka katleho. Mohato o latelang, CAS e tla itšetleha ka setsi sa ho etsa tlhahiso ea tšebelisano-mmoho ea indasteri-yunivesithi, ho loanela ho theha sethala sa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele bakeng sa theknoloji ea tšebeliso ea boleng bo holimo ea lipolasetiki tsa litšila tse loketseng mefuta e fapaneng ea polasetiki le mehloli e fapaneng, nts'etsopele. Theknoloji ea phetoho ea mokhoa oa ho fetola lipolasetiki, ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea indasteri ea ts'ebetso e ncha ea polasetiki ea litšila ea lik'hemik'hale le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho kopanya theknoloji, le ho etsa hore litšila tsa polasetiki li sebelisoe hape. theknoloji e fihla boemong bo ka sehloohong ba machaba.
Etsa hore litšila tsa polasetiki li sebelisoe hape
Guo Zifang, Motlatsi oa Mopresidente oa Sinopec Beijing Chemical Research Institute
E le ho thusa ho finyella sepheo sa "carbon double", re 'nile ra sebetsa ka thata ho "recyclable and usable",' me re lema ka ho teba tšimong ea polymer recycling.
Mabapi le "recyclable", boholo ba lipolasetiki tsa ho paka 'marakeng li na le mekhahlelo e mengata. Li-plastiki tsena ha se li-polyolefin feela, empa likarolo tse fapaneng li eketsa mathata a mangata a ho tsosolosa. Ho finyella "recyclable", mohato oa bohlokoa haholo ke ho khetha thepa e le 'ngoe e tala ho hlahisa liphutheloana tsa polasetiki, BOPE (biaxial tensile polyethylene) ke moemeli. Sebopeho sena sa sephutheloana se le seng se bapisoa le sebopeho sa sephutheloana sa setso sa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse fapaneng, se thusa ho nchafatsa lipolasetiki.
Mabapi le "ts'ebetso", ho hlaphoheloa 'meleng le ho hlaphoheloa ha lik'hemik'hale ke litsela tse peli tse ka sehloohong tsa ho tsosolosa litšila tsa polasetiki. Kamehla re khomarela molao-motheo oa "ho tsamaea ka maoto a mabeli" le ho hlahisa litsela tse sa tšoaneng tsa theknoloji ho etsa bonnete ba hore lisebelisoa tse tsosolositsoeng li ka sebelisoa. Mabapi le ho hlaphoheloa ha 'mele, re sebelisane le liunivesithi tse tsebahalang tsa malapeng le likhoebo ho sebetsana le mathata a bohlokoa mafapheng a ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele le tšebeliso e ncha ea filimi ea polasetiki e tsosolositsoeng, theknoloji ea bobeli ea ho hlaphoheloa ea polasetiki ea koloi, mme re fihletse liphetho tsa pele. Lefapheng la ho hlaphoheloa ha lik'hemik'hale, re iketsetse ka boikemelo thekenoloji ea microwave plasma pyrolysis, re sebelisa litšila tsa polymer e le thepa e tala bakeng sa ho senya, 'me lihlahisoa tsa triethylene li lekana le mokhoa oa setso oa ho phunyeha ha mouoane oa naphtha. Ka nako e ts'oanang, re potlakisitse mosebetsi oa ho etsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele lefapheng la catalytic cracking, 'me re tsepamisitse maikutlo ho finyella katleho ea lik'hemik'hale tsa lipolasetiki tse sa tšoaneng tsa litšila. Re boetse re ntlafalitse solvent ea mekhahlelo e mengata, e ka kenyelletsoang lipolasetiki tse tsosolositsoeng ho ntlafatsa bokhoni bo tlamang ba li-polymers tse fapa-fapaneng, ho etsa lisebelisoa tse nang le ts'ebetso e phahameng le botsitso, 'me ho lebeletsoe ho hlokomela tšebeliso e sa senyeheng ea lipolasetiki tse nyalisitsoeng, tse ka khonang. ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa tsa ntlo, kaho, lipalangoang le masimo a mang.
Ho sebelisoa hape le ho sebelisoa hape ha polymer ea litšila ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea indasteri ea polymer ho theha le ho ntlafatsa tsamaiso ea moruo e chitja ea khabone e tlase ea nts'etsopele ea moruo. Nakong e tlang, Setsi sa Beijing sa Chemical Technology se tla tsoela pele ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho nts'etsopele, ts'ebeliso, ts'ebeliso, ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tse ncha, ho sebetsa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le boleng ba ho sebelisa hape 'mele, ho khothaletsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele le indasteri ea theknoloji e ncha ea ho sebelisa lik'hemik'hale, thusa ho aha ea mohlala e ncha ea polasetiki recycling moruo, le ho haha e tala moruo koetsoeng-loop indasteri ketane.
Tsoela pele ho nts'etsapele lintho tse senyehang tse tala le tse senyehileng tikolohong
Li Renhai, motsamaisi oa tlhahiso ea polokeho ea Yizheng Chemical Fiber Company le hlooho ea sehlopha sa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea projeke ea thepa e senyehang.
Hajoale, nts'etsopele ea li-plastiki tse senyehang ka tlhaho li ntse li tobana le mathata a mangata. Haufinyane tjena, Tlaleho ea Lipatlisiso mabapi le Tekolo ea Liphello tsa Tikoloho le Tšehetso ea Leano la Lipolasetiki tse Senyehang, tse entsoeng ka kopanelo ke Sinopec le Univesithi ea Tsinghua, li ile tsa lokolloa ka molao. Ka lipatlisiso tse qaqileng le tlhahlobo, tlaleho ea lipatlisiso e ile ea sisinya ka lekhetlo la pele mokhoa oa tlhahlobo oa li-index tsa lipolasetiki tse senyehang tse nang le ts'enyeho e le motheo ha li bapisoa le lipolasetiki tsa setso, 'me ea hlahloba mokhoa o ka khonehang oa tšebeliso ea polasetiki e senyehang ho tloha maemong a sechaba le a moruo. Re lumela hore tlaleho ena ea lipatlisiso ke maikutlo a tataisang ho etella pele ntlafatso ea boleng bo holimo ba indasteri ea polasetiki e ka senyehang. Tlaleho ea liphuputso e hlahisa mathata a kang likhohlano tsa sebopeho sa tšebeliso ea lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki tse ka senyehang le ho se sebetse hantle ha litšenyehelo tsa ho sebelisa lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki tse senyehang sebakeng sa mehloli ea bophelo ka kakaretso.
Sinopec ke moetsi e moholo ka ho fetisisa oa li-resin tsa maiketsetso lefatšeng. E lula e buella nts'etsopele ea botala mme e kenyelletsa bohlokoa ho lipatlisiso, nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea lipolasetiki tse senyehang. Ke khoebo ea pele ea litho tsa China Mainland. Yizheng Chemical Fiber e ntse e tsoela pele ho etsa lipatlisiso le ho nts'etsapele letoto la lisebelisoa tsa polymer tse tala, tse se nang tikoloho, tse ka sebelisoang hape, tse ka sebelisoang hape le tse senyehang ka ho etsa lipatlisiso le tlhahiso e kopaneng, ho matlafatsa lipatlisiso tsa tekheniki, ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba tlhahiso, le ho loanela ho holisa lifilimi tsa temo le limmaraka tse ling, ho fihlela maemo a holimo. boleng le nts'etsopele ea moshoelella, 'me e tsoela pele ho matlafatsa tšusumetso ea indasteri ea mofuta oa Sinopec "Ecorigin", E nts'etsapele ho tlola ha thepa e senyehang ho tloha "sehlahisoa" ho ea ho "standard" le ho tloha "sehlahisoa" ho ea "brand", 'me u thehe karete e ncha ea khoebo e tala le e hloekileng ea Sinopec.
Nako ea poso: Mar-08-2023