Kamora la 1 Phupu 2006, European Union e na le tokelo ea ho etsa tlhahlobo e sa reroang ea lihlahisoa tsa elektroniki le tsa motlakase tse rekisoang 'marakeng. Hang ha sehlahisoa se fumanoa se sa lumellane le litlhoko tsa RoHs Directive, European Union e na le tokelo ea ho nka mehato ea kotlo e kang ho emisa thekiso, litiiso le likotlo..
Kaha naha ea heso e anngoe ke seoa sena, thepa ea thepa ea lapeng e romelloang kantle ho naha e fihlile holimo haholo. Ho latela lipalo-palo tse lokollotsoeng ke General Administration of Customs, ka 2021, thepa ea kantle ea China ea thepa ea lapeng e fihlile ho US $98.72 billion, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 22.3%. Lisebelisoa tsa lapeng le tsona li fetohile tsa bone ho feta lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 100 ka mor'a hore li-circuits tse kopantsoeng, lithelefono tsa cellular le lik'homphieutha (ho kenyeletsoa le libuka) tsa lihlahisoa tsa motlakase (lipalo tse tsoang ho China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Mechanical and Electrical Products, kakaretso ea thepa ea thepa ea lapeng ea naha ea heso e tla ba lidolara tse libilione tse 118.45 ka 2021).
China ke e 'ngoe ea baetsi ba ka sehloohong ba lisebelisoa tsa lapeng. Lisebelisoa tsa lapeng li romelloa linaheng tse fetang 200 (kapa libaka) lik'honthinenteng tse tšeletseng lefatšeng. Europe le Amerika Leboea ke mebaraka ea mantlha ea setso bakeng sa thepa ea lehae ea naha ea heso e romelloang kantle ho naha. Kamora la 1 Phupu 2006, European Union e na le tokelo ea ho etsa tlhahlobo e sa reroang ea lihlahisoa tsa elektroniki le tsa motlakase tse rekisoang 'marakeng. Hang ha sehlahisoa se fumanoa se sa lumellane le litlhoko tsa RoHs Directive, European Union e na le tokelo ea ho nka mehato ea kotlo e kang ho emisa thekiso, litiiso le likotlo. Ka hona, haeba o etsa, o kenya kapa o aba thepa e fanoeng ke Taelo ena, likahare tsa lintho tse kotsi sehlahisoa ha lia lokela ho feta maemo a lumelletsoeng.
1. Tataiso ea RoHS ke eng? Bakeng sa ho lumellana le melao ea linaha tseo e leng litho mabapi le thibelo ea ts'ebeliso ea lintho tse kotsi ho lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki, ho tiisa maemo a thepa le ts'ebetso ea lihlahisoa tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki, ho li etsa hore li be molemo ho bophelo bo botle ba batho le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, le ho thusa litšila. Lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki li latela litlhoko tsa Tikoloho bakeng sa ho sebelisoa hape le ho lahla, European Union e fane ka taelo mabapi le thibelo ea tšebeliso ea lintho tse ling tse kotsi ho lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki (2002/95/EC) ka la 23 Pherekhong 2003, ke hore, taelo ea RoHS e hloka ho tloha ka la 1 Phupu 2006 Ho tloha ka nako eo, lisebelisoa tsohle tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki tse rekisoang 'marakeng oa EU li tlameha ho thibela tšebeliso ea litšepe tse boima tse kang lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, le li-flame retardants tse kang polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE). ) le polybrominated biphenyl (PBB). E ile ea nkeloa sebaka ka 2011 ka Directive e ncha (2011/65/EU). Taelo e ncha e qalile ho sebetsa ka la 3 Pherekhong, 2013, ’me taelo ea pele e ile ea hlakoloa ka nako e tšoanang. Ho latela lipehelo tsa taelo e ncha, ho tloha ka letsatsi la ho hlakoloa ha taelo ea mantlha, lihlahisoa tsohle tse tlas'a letšoao la CE li tlameha ho fihlela litlhoko tsa "low voltage" (LVD), electromagnetic comppatibility (EMC), lihlahisoa tse amanang le matla (ErP). le taelo e ncha ea RoHS ka nako e le 'ngoe. Ho kena 'marakeng oa EU, lik'hamphani tse romellang thepa ea motlakase le ea elektroniki naheng e EU li hloka ho latela melao e tobileng ea naha e rekisetsang kantle.
2. Litaba tsa bohlokoa tsa taelo e ncha ea RoHS ke life? Ha ho bapisoa le taelo ea pele ea RoHS, litaba tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa RoHS e ncha li bonahala haholo-holo likarolong tse latelang tse 'nè: Ea pele, boholo ba lihlahisoa tse laoloang bo ekelitsoe. Ho ipapisitsoe le mekhahlelo e robeli ea lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki tse laoloang ke taelo ea mantlha ea RoHS, e ekelitsoe ho kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tsa bongaka le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo. Hoo e ka bang lisebelisoa tsohle tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki, linako tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebetso li hlalositsoe bakeng sa mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea lihlahisoa. Ea bobeli, hlahisa mokhoa oa ho hlahloba le oa tlatsetso bakeng sa lethathamo la lintho tse thibetsoeng, ho hlahloba khafetsa le ho ntlafatsa lintho tse kotsi le meeli ea tsona, 'me u eketse lintho tse thibetsoeng ka mokhoa o thata haholoanyane. Ha ho khethoa lintho tse thibetsoeng, tlhokomelo e boetse e lokela ho lefshoa ho hokahanya le melaoana e meng, haholo-holo lintho tse ho Annex XIV (Lethathamo la Tumello ea SVHC) le Annex XVI (Lethathamo la Lintho Tse Rekiloeng) la REACH Regulation, ka ho bontša boholo ba lintho tse thibetsoeng bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea nako e tlang. . Lumella nako le tataiso e eketsehileng bakeng sa likhoebo ho khetha lisebelisoa tse ling. Ntlha ea boraro, hlakisa mokhoa oa ho lokolloa, ho fana ka linako tse fapaneng tsa ho lokolloa ha likarolo tse fapaneng tsa lihlahisoa ho khothaletsa likhoebo ho theha mekhoa e meng e amehang, le ho lokisa le ho nchafatsa nako ea ts'ebetso ea ho lokolloa ho latela maemo a nnete. Ea bone, e amanang le letšoao la CE, ho latela litlhoko tsa taelo e ncha ea RoHS, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki ha lia lokela ho fihlela feela litlhoko tsa moeli oa lintho tse thibetsoeng, empa hape li beha letšoao la CE pele li e beha 'marakeng. Phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa taelo ea khale le e ncha ea RoHS
3. Ke bokae ba lihlahisoa tse laoloang ke taelo ea RoHS?
1. Lisebelisoa tse kholo tsa ntlo: lihatsetsi, mechine e hlatsoang, lionto tsa microwave, li-air conditioner, joalo-joalo, ho kenyelletsa le lihlopha tse ncha tsa lihlahisoa tsa RoHS "grill ea khase", "oven ea khase" le "heater ea khase".
2. Lisebelisoa tse nyenyane tsa ntlo: li-vacuum cleaners, li-aene tsa motlakase, li-dryer tsa moriri, lionto, lioache, joalo-joalo.
3. Theknoloji ea tlhahisoleseding le lisebelisoa tsa puisano: lik'homphieutha, mechine ea fax, mehala, liselefouno, joalo-joalo.
4. Lisebelisoa tsa basebelisi: liea-le-moea, lithelevishene, lirekoto tsa video, liletsa tsa 'mino, joalo-joalo, ho kenyelletsa le sehlopha se secha sa sehlahisoa sa RoHS "thepa e nang le mesebetsi ea motlakase", e kang "libethe tsa ho phahamisa libethe" le "ho phahamisa litulo tse lutseng".
5. Lisebelisoa tsa mabone: Mabone a fluorescent ntle le mabone a ntlo, joalo-joalo, lisebelisoa tsa ho laola mabone
6. Lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki (ntle le lisebelisoa tse kholo tsa indasteri tse emisitsoeng): li-drill tsa motlakase, lathes, welding, sprayers, joalo-joalo.
7. Lintho tsa ho bapala, tsa boikhathollo le thepa ea lipapali: likoloi tsa motlakase, mechine ea lipapali tsa video, mechine ea papali ea chelete e itšebetsang, joalo-joalo, ho kenyeletsoa sehlopha se secha sa sehlahisoa sa RoHS "li-toys tse nang le mesebetsi e menyenyane ea motlakase", tse kang "talking teddy bears" le "talking teddy bears". "Lieta tse Khanyang".
8. Lisebelisoa tsa bongaka: lisebelisoa tsa phekolo ea mahlaseli, mochine oa electrocardiogram, sesebelisoa sa ho hlahloba, joalo-joalo.
9. Lisebelisoa tsa ho shebella le ho laola: lisebelisoa tsa mosi, li-incubator, mechine ea ho hlahloba le ho laola fektheri, joalo-joalo.
10. Mechini ea ho rekisa
11. EEE efe kapa efe e 'ngoe e seng ka har'a maemo a mekhahlelo e kaholimo: Ho ekelletsa ho "switch switch" le "motlakase sutuk'heise", ho kenyeletsoa sehlopha se secha sa sehlahisoa sa RoHS "liaparo tse nang le mesebetsi ea motlakase", joalo ka "liaparo tse futhumetseng" le “e kganya ka metsing” dijaki tsa bophelo”.
Lihlahisoa tse laoloang ke taelo ea RoHS ha li kenyelle feela lihlahisoa tse felletseng tsa mochini, empa hape le likarolo, lisebelisoa tse tala le liphutheloana tse sebelisoang tlhahiso ea mechini e felletseng, e amanang le ketane eohle ea tlhahiso.
4. Ke lintho life tse hlokahalang bakeng sa lintho tse kotsi le meeli ea tsona? Temana ea 4 ea Taelo e ncha ea RoHS e bolela hore linaha tseo e leng litho li lokela ho etsa bonnete ba hore lihlahisoa tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki tse behiloeng 'marakeng, ho kenyeletsoa lithapo tsa tsona le lisebelisoa bakeng sa ho lokisoa kapa ho sebelisoa hape, kapa ho nchafatsa tšebetso ea tsona kapa ho eketsa bokhoni ba tsona, ha li na lead (Pb) , mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) le polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) le lintho tse ling tse 6 tse kotsi. Ka 2015, ho ile ha fanoa ka taelo e ntlafalitsoeng ea 2015/863/EU, ho atolosa taelo e ncha ea RoHS, ho eketsa DEHP (2-ethylhexyl phthalate), BBP (butyl benzyl phthalate), DBP (dibutyl phthalate), DIBP (diisobutyl phthalate) Lintho tse 'nè tsa lik'hemik'hale. tse bitsoang phthalates, tse kang phthalates), li kene lethathamong la lik'hemik'hale tse thibetsoeng. Kamora ho ntlafatsoa ha taelo, mefuta ea lik'hemik'hale tse kotsi ka har'a lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse laoloang ke taelo e ncha ea RoHS e ekelitsoe ho 10:
1. lead (Pb) Mehlala ea tšebeliso ea ntho ena: solder, glass, PVC stabilizers 2. Mercury (Hg) (mercury) Mehlala ea tšebeliso ea ntho ena: thermostats, sensors, switches and relays, light bulbs 3. Cadmium (Cd) ) Mehlala ea tšebeliso ea ntho ena: li-switches, springs, connectors, housings le PCB, mabitso, libeteri 4. Hexavalent chromium (Cr 6+) Mehlala ea tšebeliso ea ntho ena: Metal anti-corrosion coatings Mehlala ea ntho ena: li-flame retardants, Li-PCB, lihokelo, matlo a polasetiki 6. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) Mehlala ea ho sebelisa ntho ena: li-flame retardants, PCBs, connectors, plastic housings ethylhexyl ester) 8. BBP (butyl benzyl phthalate) 9. DBP (dibutyl phthalate) 10 DIBP. (diisobutyl phthalate)
Ka nako e ts'oanang, boholo ba lintho tse kotsi ka thepa e tšoanang ke: loto e sa feteng 0.1%, mercury e sa feteng 0.1%, cadmium e sa feteng 0.01%, chromium ea hexavalent e sa feteng 0.1%, polybrominated biphenyls e sa feteng 0.1%, polybrominated diphenyl ethers eseng ho feta 0.1%. Lik'hemik'hale tse 'nè tse ncha tse bitsoang phthalates li ile tsa kenngoa ka moeli oa 0.1% e le' ngoe.
5. Ts'ebetso ea kopo ea netefatso ke efe?
■ Mohato oa 1. Tlatsa foromo ea kopo ea tlhahlobo ea RoHS, e ka bokelloang setsing sa netefatso sa RoHS, kapa ea khoasolla sebakeng sa marang-rang sa setsi sa netefatso sa RoHS, ebe e khutlisoa ka mor'a ho tlatsa. ■ Mohato oa 2. Qotsulo: Ka mor'a ho kenya kopo, moreki o romela sampole (kapa tlhahiso e hlakileng) ho yuniti ea netefatso, 'me yuniti ea netefatso e arola sampole ho latela litlhoko, ebe e khutlisa palo ea karohano ea sehlahisoa le tefiso ea tlhahlobo ho moreki. ■ Mohato oa 3. Ka mor'a hore tefo e amoheloe, tlhahlobo e tla hlophisoa. Ka kakaretso, tlhahlobo e tla phethoa nakong ea beke e le 'ngoe. ■ Mohato oa 4. Phatlalatsa tlaleho, e ka tsamaisoang ka poso, fekse, e-mail kapa mohlahlobi ka seqo.
6. Setifikeiti sa RoHS se bitsa bokae? Theko e nepahetseng ea tlhahlobo ea RoHS e hloka hore k'hamphani e fane ka litšoantšo tsa sehlahisoa le litefiso tsa thepa, ho latela ho rarahana ha sehlahisoa. Setifikeiti sa RoHS se fapane le CCC, UL le litifikeiti tse ling. E etsa feela liteko tsa tlhahlobo ea lik'hemik'hale bakeng sa lisampole, kahoo ha ho na tlhahlobo ea feme. Haeba lihlahisoa li sa fetohe 'me litekanyetso tsa teko li sa ntlafatsoe, ho ke ke ha e-ba le litšenyehelo tse ling tsa ho latela.
7. Ho nka nako e kae ho etsa setifikeiti sa ROHS? Hajoale, Setifikeiti sa RoHS se leka haholo lintho tse 6 tsa lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, PBB le PBDE. Lihlahisoa tse tloaelehileng li sebetsa bakeng sa setifikeiti sa ROHS. Taba ea hore bareki ba fana ka lisampole le lisebelisoa, nako ea tlhahlobo ea RoHS bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse tloaelehileng e ka ba matsatsi a 7.
8. Setifikeiti sa ROHS se sebetsa nako e kae? Ha ho na nako e tlamang ea netefatso bakeng sa setifikeiti sa ROHS. Haeba boemo ba tlhahlobo ba setifikeiti sa ROHS bo sa ntlafatsoa ka molao, setifikeiti sa mantlha sa ROHS se ka sebetsa nako e telele.
Nako ea poso: Aug-09-2022