Leano la nts'etsopele ea 'maraka oa khoebo oa kantle ho naha oa Vietnam.
1. Ke lihlahisoa life tseo ho leng bonolo ho li romela Vietnam
Khoebo ea Vietnam le linaha tsa boahelani e tsoetse pele haholo, ’me e na le likamano tse haufi tsa moruo le Chaena, Korea Boroa, Japane, United States, Thailand le linaha tse ling, ’me palo ea eona ea selemo le selemo ea ho kenya thepa le ho romela thepa le eona e ntse e eketseha.Ho latela lintlha tse lokollotsoeng ke Ofisi ea Kakaretso ea Lipalopalo ea Vietnam, ho tloha ka Pherekhong ho isa Phupu 2019, thepa ea kantle ho naha ea Vietnam e ne e le US $ 145.13 bilione, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 7.5%;thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha e ne e le US$143.34 bilione, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 8.3%.Kakaretso ea boleng ba thepa le thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling bakeng sa likhoeli tsa 7 e ne e le liranta tse limilione tse likete tse 288.47 tsa US.Ho tloha ka Pherekhong ho isa Phupu 2019, United States e ne e le mmaraka o moholo ka ho fetesisa oa Vietnam, ka kakaretso ea thomello ea lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 32.5, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 25.4%;Thepa ea Vietnam ho EU e ne e le lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 24.32 tsa US, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 0.4%;Theko ea thepa ea Vietnam ho ea Chaena e ne e le lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 20, e leng keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 0.1%.naha ea heso ke mohloli o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa thepa e tsoang naheng ea Vietnam.Ho tloha ka Pherekhong ho isa Phupu, Vietnam e rekile US $42 bilione ho tsoa China, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 16.9%.Diromelwantle tsa Korea Borwa ho ya Vietnam e ne e le US$26.6 bilione, phokotseho ya selemo le selemo ya 0.8%;Thepa ea ASEAN ho ea Vietnam e ne e le US $ 18.8 limilione tse likete, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 5.2%.Litsenyehelo tsa Vietnam li kenyelletsa haholo-holo lihlopha tse tharo: thepa ea lichelete (e ikarabellang bakeng sa 30% ea thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling), lihlahisoa tsa mahareng (tse ikarabellang bakeng sa 60%) le thepa ea bareki ( palo ea 10%).China ke morekisi e moholo ka ho fetisisa oa lihlahisoa tse kholo le tse mahareng ho ea Vietnam.Tlholisano e fokolang ea lekala la indasteri ea lapeng la Vietnam e qobelletse lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa poraefete esita le likhamphani tsa mmuso tsa Vietnam ho reka metjhini le lisebelisoa ho tsoa Chaena.Vietnam e reka haholo mechini, lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa, likarolo tsa elektroniki tsa khomphutha, masela, lisebelisoa tse tala tsa lieta tsa letlalo, lisebelisoa tsa mohala le tsa elektroniki, le makoloi a lipalangoang a tsoang China.Ntle le China, Japane le Korea Boroa hape ke mehloli e 'meli e meholo ea thepa ea Vietnam ea thepa, lisebelisoa, lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa.
2. Litaelo tsa ho romela thepa Vietnam
01 Setifikeiti sa tšimoloho Haeba bareki ba Vietnam ba kopuoa, setifikeiti se akaretsang sa CO kapa setifikeiti sa tšimoloho sa China-ASEAN se ka sebelisoa, 'me FOROMO E e ka sebelisoa feela linaheng tse ikhethileng tsa khoebo ea mahala ea China-ASEAN, joalo ka ho romella kantle ho naha ho Brunei. , Cambodia, Indonesia , Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, le Vietnam Linaha tse 10 li ka thabela phekolo e khethehileng ea litefiso haeba li etsa kopo ea lengolo la setifikeiti sa tšimoloho FOROMO E. Mofuta ona oa setifikeiti sa tšimoloho se ka fanoa ke Tlhahlobo ea Lihlahisoa. Bureau kapa Lekhotla la China bakeng sa Kholiso ea Khoebo ea Machabeng, empa e hloka hore e hlahisoe pele;haeba ho se na rekoto, u ka boela ua fumana moemeli ea tla e ntša, u fane feela ka lenane la ho paka le invoice, 'me setifikeiti se tla fanoa ka nako e ka bang letsatsi le le leng la ho sebetsa.
Ho feta moo, o lokela ho ela hloko ho etsa FORM E haufinyane, litlhoko li tla ba thata.Haeba u batla moemeli, joale litokomane tsohle tsa tumello ea meetlo (bili ea thepa, konteraka, FE) li tlameha ho ba le hlooho e tšoanang.Haeba morekisi e le moetsi, tlhaloso ea thepa e tla hlahisa lentsoe MANUFACTURE, ebe o eketsa hlooho le aterese ea morekisi.Haeba ho na le k'hamphani e kantle ho naha, joale k'hamphani e kantle ho naha e bonts'oa tlasa tlhaloso e kholomong ea bosupa, ebe invoice ea motho oa boraro e tšoailoe, 'me k'hamphani ea naha ea China e fa moemeli ho fana ka setifikeiti, mme ntlha ea 13 ha e khonehe. tshwaisoa.Ho molemo ho khetha bareki ba Vietnam ba nang le bokhoni bo matla ba ho hlakola meetlo ho qoba mathata a sa hlokahaleng.
02 Mokhoa oa ho lefa Mokhoa oa ho lefa oo hangata o sebelisoang ke bareki ba Vietnam ke T/T kapa L/C.Haeba e le OEM, ho molemo ho etsa motsoako oa T / T le L / C, o sireletsehileng haholoanyane.
Ela hloko T / T: tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng, 30% e lefshoa esale pele, 'me 70% e lefshoa pele e laela, empa bareki ba bacha ba na le monyetla o moholo oa ho se lumellane.Ha u etsa L / C, u lokela ho ela hloko: Kemiso ea ho tsamaisa thepa ea Vietnam e batla e le khutšoanyane, 'me nako ea ho fana ka L / C e tla ba e khutšoanyane, kahoo u tlameha ho laola nako ea ho fana;bareki ba bang ba Vietnamese ba tla hlahisa liphapang ka mokhoa oa maiketsetso lengolong la mokoloto, kahoo o tlameha ho latela ka botlalo lengolo la mokoloto Tlhahisoleseling e fumanehang webosaeteng e ts'oana hantle le tokomane.Se ke oa botsa moreki hore na a ka e fetola joang, latela feela phetoho.
03 Mokhoa oa ho hlakola thepa ea thepa
Ka August 2017, ntlha ea boraro ea Article 25 ea Decree No. 8 e phatlalalitsoeng ke 'muso oa Vietnam e bolela hore moemeli oa meetlo o lokela ho fana ka boitsebiso bo lekaneng le bo nepahetseng ba thepa e le hore thepa e ka hlakoloa ka nako.Sena se bolela: Litlhaloso tse fosahetseng/tse sa phethahalang tsa thepa le thomello e sa tsejoeng hantle li ka hanoa ke meetlo ea lehae.Ka hona, tlhaloso e feletseng ea thepa e lokela ho fanoa ho invoice, ho kenyelletsa le brand, lebitso la sehlahisoa, mohlala, thepa, bongata, boleng, theko ea yuniti le boitsebiso bo bong.Moreki o hloka ho etsa bonnete ba hore boima bo holim'a paybill bo lumellana le boima bo boletsoeng ke moreki ho meetlo.Phapang lipakeng tsa boima bo boletsoeng esale pele (ho tsoa ho moreki) le boima ba 'mele bo lekantsoeng bo ka baka tieho ea tumello ea lekhetho.Bareki ba tlameha ho etsa bonnete ba hore lintlha tsohle tse mabapi le paybill, ho kenyeletsoa le boima, li nepahetse.
04 puo
Puo ea molao ea Vietnam ke Sevietnam.Ho phaella moo, Sefora le sona se tumme haholo.Bo-rakhoebo ba Vietnam ka kakaretso ba na le Senyesemane se fokolang.
05 Marang-rang Haeba u batla ho etsa khoebo Vietnam, u ka etsa matsete a maikutlo le balekane ba hau, ke hore, ho ba le likamano tse ngata le baetsi ba liqeto ho aha likamano le ho theola likamano.Litšebelisano tsa khoebo Vietnam li hatisa haholo likamano tsa batho.Bakeng sa Sevietnam, ho ba "e mong oa rona" kapa ho nkoa e le "e mong oa rona" ho na le melemo e feletseng, 'me ho ka boleloa hore ke senotlolo sa katleho kapa ho hlōleha.Ha ho lefelle limilione kapa botumo ho ba e mong oa Vietnam.Etsa khoebo pele u bua ka maikutlo.Sevietnam se thabela ho kopana le batho ba bacha, empa le ka mohla u se ke ua etsa khoebo le batho bao u sa ba tsebeng.Ha u etsa khoebo Vietnam, likamano tsa batho ba bang li bohlokoa haholo, 'me ho thata ho tsoela pele ntle le tsona.Hangata batho ba Vietnam ha ba etse khoebo le batho bao ba sa ba tsebeng.Ba lula ba sebetsana le batho ba tšoanang.Sebakeng se senyenyane haholo sa khoebo, bohle ba tsebana, 'me ba bangata ba bona ke beng ka bona ka mali kapa ka lenyalo.Batho ba Vietnam ba ela hloko haholo mekhoa e metle.Ebang ke lefapha la 'muso, molekane, kapa mofani oa thepa ea nang le kamano ea bohlokoa le k'hamphani ea hau, u lokela ho ba tšoara joaloka metsoalle, 'me u tlameha ho pota-pota mokete o mong le o mong.
06 Ho nka liqeto butle
Vietnam e latela mohlala oa setso oa Asia oa ho etsa liqeto ka kopanelo.Bo-rakhoebo ba Vietnam ba ananela kutloano ea sehlopha, 'me batho ba tsoang linaheng tse ling hangata ha ba tsebe likhohlano pakeng tsa balekane ba Vietnam,' me boitsebiso ba bona ba ka hare ha bo tsejoe ho batho ba ka ntle.Vietnam, tsamaiso eohle ea khoebo e hatisa ho tsitsana.Ho ea ka pono ea setso, Vietnam e latela mokhoa oa ho etsa liqeto ka kopanelo oa Asia.Bo-rakhoebo ba Vietnam ba ananela kutloano ea sehlopha, 'me batho ba tsoang linaheng tse ling hangata ha ba tsebe likhohlano pakeng tsa balekane ba Vietnam,' me boitsebiso ba bona ba ka hare ha bo tsejoe ho batho ba ka ntle.Vietnam, tsamaiso eohle ea khoebo e hatisa ho tsitsana.
07 Se ele hloko morero, etsa feela ka lepotlapotla
Le hoja batho ba bangata ba Bophirimela ba rata ho etsa moralo le ho sebetsa ka oona, Mavietnam a khetha ho lumella tlhaho hore e nke tsela ea eona le ho bona se etsahalang.Ba ananela mokhoa o motle oa batho ba Bophirimela, empa ha ba na morero oa ho ba etsisa.Bo-rakhoebo ba kantle ho naha ba etsang khoebo Vietnam, hopola ho boloka moea o phomotse le mamello e khutsitseng.Bo-rakhoebo ba nang le boiphihlelo ba lumela hore haeba 75% ea leeto la ho ea Vietnam e ka etsoa joalo ka ha ho reriloe, e tla nkuoa e le katleho.
08 Meetlo
Batho ba Vietnam ba rata bofubelu haholo, 'me ba nka bofubelu e le' mala o monate le oa mokete.Ke rata lintja haholo 'me ke nahana hore lintja lia tšepahala, li ka tšeptjoa ebile li sebete.Ke rata lipalesa tsa perekisi, ke nahana hore lithunthung tsa perekisi li khanya ebile li ntle, 'me ke lipalesa tse ntle,' me ke li bitsa lipalesa tsa naha.
Ba qoba ho phaphatha mahetleng a bona kapa ho ba omanya ka menoana, ho nkoang e le ho hloka tlhompho;
3. Melemo le menyetla ea ntlafatso
Vietnam e na le maemo a matle a tlhaho, e nang le lebopo la leoatle la lik'hilomithara tse fetang 3,200 (ea bobeli ho tloha Indonesia le Philippines e Asia Boroa-bochabela), Nōka e khubelu (e simolohileng Profinseng ea Yunnan) ka leboea, le Nōka ea Mekong (e simolohileng Profinseng ea Qinghai. ) delta ka boroa.E fihlile libakeng tse 7 tsa lefa la lefats'e (e behiloe pele ho Asia Boroa-bochabela).Hona joale Vietnam e boemong bo botle ka ho fetisisa historing ea "sebopeho sa khauta sa baahi".70% ea Vietnamese e ka tlase ho lilemo tse 35, e fanang ka ts'ireletso ea mosebetsi bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea moruo oa Vietnam, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang, ka lebaka la palo e tlaase ea batho ba hōlileng hona joale, e boetse e fokotsa moroalo ho nts'etsopele ea sechaba sa Vietnam.Ho feta moo, boemo ba litoropo tsa Vietnam bo tlaase haholo, 'me boholo ba litlhoko tsa moputso oa basebetsi li tlaase haholo (lidolara tse 400 tsa US li ka hira mosebeletsi ea nang le tsebo ea boemo bo phahameng), e leng se loketseng haholo bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea tlhahiso.Joalo ka China, Vietnam e sebelisa tsamaiso ea moruo ea mebaraka ea bososhiale.E na le mochine o tsitsitseng le o matla oa tsamaiso ea sechaba o ka lebisang boiteko ba oona mesebetsing e meholo.Ho na le merabe ea 54 Vietnam, empa merabe eohle e ka phela ka kutloano.Batho ba Vietnam ba na le tokoloho ea tumelo ea bolumeli, ’me ha ho na ntoa ea bolumeli Bochabela bo Hare.Mokha oa Makomonisi oa Vietnam o ile oa boela oa qalisa liphetoho tsa lipolotiki tse ileng tsa lumella lihlopha tse fapaneng ho kena lipuisanong tse matla tsa lipolotiki le moruo.Mmuso oa Vietnam o amohela 'maraka oa lefats'e ka mafolofolo.E ile ea ikopanya le Mokhatlo oa Linaha tsa Asia Boroa-bochabela (ASEAN) ho 1995 le Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Khoebo (WTO) ho 2006. Seboka sa 2017 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) se ne se tšoaretsoe Da Nang, Vietnam.Batho ba Bophirimela ba na le tšepo e le 'ngoe ka menyetla ea ntlafatso ea Vietnam.Banka ea Lefatše e boletse hore “Vietnam ke mohlala o tloaelehileng oa tsoelo-pele e atlehileng”, ’me makasine ea “The Economist” e boletse hore “Vietnam e tla fetoha nkoe e ’ngoe ea Asia”.Peterson Institute for International Economics e bolela esale pele hore kholo ea moruo oa Vietnam e tla fihla ho 10% ka 2025. Ho e akaretsa ka polelo e le 'ngoe: Vietnam kajeno ke Chaena lilemong tse fetang leshome tse fetileng.Mefuta eohle ea bophelo e boemong ba ho phatloha, 'me ke' maraka o thabisang ka ho fetisisa Asia.
4. Bokamoso ba "Made in Vietnam
Ka mor'a hore Vietnam e kene RCEP, ka thuso ea United States, Japane le linaha tse ling tse tsoetseng pele, linaha tse ngata tsa Asia Boroa-bochabela li "poaching" tlhahiso ea Chaena ka mekhoa e sa tšoaneng e kang khoebo, lekhetho le likhothatso tsa mobu.Kajeno, ha se lik'hamphani tsa Majapane feela tse ekelitseng matsete a tsona Vietnam, empa lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa Machaena le tsona li tsamaisa matla a tsona a tlhahiso ho ea Vietnam.Molemo o moholo oa Vietnam o ho basebetsi ba theko e tlaase.Ho feta moo, palo ea baahi ba Vietnam e batla e le nyane.Maqheku a fetang lilemo tse 65 ke karolo ea 6% feela ea baahi bohle, athe China le Korea Boroa ke 10% le 13% ka ho latellana.Ehlile, indasteri ea tlhahiso ea Vietnam hajoale e ntse e le indastering ea maemo a tlase, joalo ka masela, liaparo, thepa ea ka tlung le lihlahisoa tsa elektroniki.Leha ho le joalo, boemo bona bo ka fetoha nakong e tlang ha lik'hamphani tse kholo li eketsa matsete, li ntlafatsa maemo a koetliso, le ho fetola maano a lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele.Khang ea basebetsi ke kotsi ea indasteri ea tlhahiso ea Vietnam.Mokhoa oa ho sebetsana le likamano tsa mosebetsi le moruo ke bothata bo lokelang ho rarolloa molemong oa ho phahama ha indasteri ea tlhahiso ea Vietnam.
5. Vietnam e tla etelletsa pele ntlafatso ea liindasteri tse latelang
1. Indasteri ea mechini le tšepe Ka 2025, e etelletsa pele nts'etsopele ea mechini le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso ea indasteri, likoloi le likarolo tse ling, le tšepe;ka mor'a 2025, beha pele ho nts'etsopele ea kaho ea likepe, litšepe tse se nang ferrous, le lisebelisoa tse ncha.
2. Ka indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale, ka 2025, fana ka pele ho nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale tsa motheo, indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale tsa oli le khase, polasetiki le likarolo tse ling tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa rabara;ka mor'a 2025, beha pele ho nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale tsa meriana.
3. Indasteri ea temo, meru le lihlahisoa tsa metsi Ka 2025, ho tla beoa pele ho ho eketsa tekanyo ea ts'ebetso ea lihlahisoa tse kholo tsa temo, lihlahisoa tsa metsing le lihlahisoa tsa lehong ho latela tataiso ea phetoho ea sebopeho sa indasteri ea temo.Amohela litekanyetso tsa machaba tlhahisong le tšebetsong ho aha lebitso le tlholisano ea lihlahisoa tsa temo tsa Vietnam.
4. Indasteri ea masela le lieta Ka 2025, e tla etelletsa pele nts'etsopele ea thepa ea masela le lieta bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lehae le kantle ho naha;kamora 2025, beha pele ho nts'etsopele ea feshene le lieta tsa maemo a holimo.
5. Lefapheng la likhokahanyo tsa elektroniki, ka 2025, beha pele ho nts'etsopele ea likhomphutha, mehala le likarolo tse ling;ka mor'a 2025, beha pele ho nts'etsopele ea software, lits'ebeletso tsa digital, litšebeletso tsa theknoloji ea puisano le lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa bongaka.6. Matla a macha le matla a ka nchafatsoang Ka 2025, ho nts'etsapele matla a macha le matla a ka nchafatsoang, joalo ka matla a moea, matla a letsatsi, le matla a biomass;ka mor'a 2025, ho hlahisa matla a nyutlelie ka matla, matla a geothermal, le matla a maqhubu.
6. Melao e mecha ea "Made in Vietnam" (tšimoloho) litekanyetso
Ka Phato 2019, Lekala la Indasteri le Khoebo la Vietnam le ile la fana ka litekanyetso tse ncha tsa "Made in Vietnam" (qalong).E entsoe Vietnam e ka ba: lihlahisoa tsa temo le lisebelisoa tse tsoang Vietnam;lihlahisoa tse qetellang li qetiloe Vietnam li tlameha ho kenyelletsa bonyane 30% ea boleng bo ekelitsoeng ba lehae ba Vietnam ho latela maemo a machaba a khoutu ea HS.Ka mantsoe a mang, 100% thepa e tala e tsoang mose ho maoatle e tlameha ho eketsa boleng ba 30% Vietnam pele e ka romelloa ka leibole E entsoe Vietnam.
Nako ea poso: Feb-10-2023