malunga nengxelo yokuhlolwa komgangatho wemveliso, kufuneka uzazi ezi

1. Ingxelo yokuhlolwa komgangatho wemveliso iye

Luxwebhu olubonisa iziphumo zovavanyo nezigqibo. Inika ulwazi malunga neziphumo ezifunyenwe ngamaziko ovavanyo kwiimveliso ezigunyaziswe ngabathengi. Isenokuba liphepha elinye okanye amakhulu aliqela ubude.

Ingxelo yovavanyo iya kuhambelana neemfuno zeNqaku 5.8.2 kunye ne-5.8.3 “yeZikhokelo zoVavanyo lweLabhoratri yoMgangatho” (yeelabhoratri ezivunyiweyo) kunye ne-ISO/IEC17025 “Iikhrayitheriya zokuVunywa koVavanyo kunye neLabhoratri yoCalibration” Amanqaku 5.10. 2 kunye no-5.10. 5.10.3 Iimfuno (zeelabhoratri ezivunyiweyo yiCNAS) ziya kuqulunqwa.

2 Loluphi ulwazi ekufuneka luqulethwe yingxelo yovavanyo?

Ingxelo yovavanyo ngokubanzi kufuneka iqulathe olu lwazi lulandelayo:

1) Isihloko (njengengxelo yovavanyo, ingxelo yovavanyo, isatifikethi sokuhlola, isatifikethi sokuhlolwa kwemveliso, njl.njl.), inombolo yothotho, uphawu lokugunyazisa (i-CNAS/CMA/CAL, njl.) kunye nenombolo yothotho;

2) Igama kunye nedilesi yebhubhoratri, indawo apho uvavanyo luqhutyelwa khona (ukuba luhluke kwidilesi yebhubhoratri); ukuba kuyimfuneko, nika umnxeba welabhoratri, i-imeyile, iwebhusayithi, njl.;

3) Ukuchongwa okukodwa kwengxelo yovavanyo (njengenombolo yengxelo) kunye nokuchongwa kwiphepha ngalinye (inombolo yengxelo + iphepha # lamaphepha #) ukuqinisekisa ukuba iphepha liyinxalenye yengxelo yovavanyo, kunye nokubonisa isiphelo ukuchongwa ngokucacileyo kwengxelo yovavanyo;

4) Igama kunye nedilesi yomxhasi (iqela eliphathisiweyo, iqela elihloliweyo);

5) Ukuchongwa kwendlela esetyenzisiweyo (kubandakanywa nesiseko sesampuli, ukuhlolwa kunye nokugweba) (inombolo eqhelekileyo kunye negama);

6) Inkcazo, imo (entsha kunye endala yemveliso, umhla wokuvelisa, njl.) kunye nokuchongwa okucacileyo (inombolo) yezinto zokuhlola;

7) Umhla wokufumana izinto zovavanyo kunye nomhla apho uvavanyo luqhutywe khona, olubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni nasekusetyenzisweni kweziphumo;

8) inkcazo yesicwangciso sesampulu kunye nemigaqo esetyenziswa yilabhoratri okanye elinye iziko, njengoko kufanelekile ekunyanisekeni okanye ekusetyenzisweni kweziphumo;

9) Iziphumo zovavanyo, apho kufanelekileyo, kunye neeyunithi zokulinganisa;

10) Igama, itayitile, utyikityo okanye isazisi esilinganayo somntu ovuma ingxelo yovavanyo;

11) Xa kufanelekile, ingxelo yokuba isiphumo sihambelana kuphela nento evavanywayo. Iinkcazo eziyimfuneko, ezifana nokubandakanya ulwazi olongezelelweyo olucelwe ngumxhasi, iinkcazo ezongezelelweyo kwimeko yokuhlola, iindlela okanye izigqibo (kubandakanywa nento ecinyiweyo kwi-scope yokuqala yomsebenzi), njl.;

12) Ukuba inxalenye yomsebenzi wokuhlola iphantsi kwekhontrakthi, iziphumo zale nxalenye kufuneka zichazwe ngokucacileyo;

13) Izixhobo, kubandakanywa: umzobo weskimu, umzobo wesiphaluka, ijika, ifoto, uluhlu lwezixhobo zokuvavanya, njl.

3.Ukuhlelwa kweengxelo zovavanyo

Ubume bengxelo yokuhlola ngokubanzi bubonisa injongo yokuhlolwa, oko kukuthi, kutheni uhlolo lwenziwe. Iipropati zokuhlola eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya uhlolo oluphathisiweyo, uhlolo olugunyazisiweyo, ukuhlolwa kweziqinisekiso, ukuhlolwa kwelayisenisi yemveliso, njl.njl. Uhlolo oluphathisiweyo ngokuqhelekileyo lwenziwa liqela eliphathisiweyo ukuze ligwebe umgangatho wemveliso; ukubeka iliso kunye nokuhlolwa ngokubanzi zicwangciswa zii-arhente zolawulo karhulumente ukubeka esweni umgangatho wemveliso. Kwaye iphunyeziwe; ukuhlolwa kwesiqinisekiso kunye nokuhlolwa kwelayisensi ngokuqhelekileyo luhlolo olwenziwa ngumfaki-sicelo ukufumana isatifikethi.

4. Loluphi ulwazi ekufuneka luqulethwe yingxelo yovavanyo lwesampulu?

Ingxelo yovavanyo lwesampulu iya kuqulatha ulwazi malunga neyunithi yesampulu, umntu othatha iisampulu, ibhetshi emelwe yisampulu, indlela yesampulu (ngokungaqhelekanga), isixa sesampulu, kunye nemeko yokutywinwa kwesampulu.

Ingxelo yovavanyo kufuneka inike igama, imodeli, inkcazo, uphawu lokuthengisa kunye nolunye ulwazi lwesampulu, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, umenzi kunye nemveliso (ukulungiswa) igama kunye nedilesi.

5. Indlela yokuqonda ulwazi lwesiseko sokuhlola kwingxelo yokuhlola?

Ingxelo epheleleyo yovavanyo kufuneka inike imigangatho yesampulu, imigangatho yendlela yovavanyo, kunye nemigangatho yesigwebo seziphumo apho iimvavanyo kule ngxelo zisekelwe khona. Le migangatho inokugxininiswa kumgangatho omnye wemveliso, okanye inokuba yimigangatho eyahlukileyo kwezi ntlobo zingasentla.

6. Ziziphi izinto zokuhlolwa kweemveliso eziqhelekileyo?

Izinto zokuhlolwa kwemveliso ngokubanzi ziquka inkangeleko, uphawu, ukusebenza kwemveliso, kunye nokusebenza kokhuseleko. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuguquguquka kokusingqongileyo, ukuqina (okanye uvavanyo lobomi) kunye nokuthembeka kwemveliso kufuneka kufakwe.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, lonke uhlolo lwenziwa ngokuhambelana nemigangatho echaziweyo. Iimpawu ezihambelanayo zobugcisa kunye neemfuno zichazwe ngokubanzi kwipharamitha nganye kwimigangatho apho ukuhlolwa kusekelwe khona. Ezi zalathisi zifumaneka kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezithile zovavanyo, kwimveliso efanayo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo, iziphumo ezahlukeneyo zinokufunyanwa, kwaye ingxelo epheleleyo yovavanyo kufuneka inike izalathisi zesigwebo somsebenzi ngamnye kunye neendlela zovavanyo ezihambelanayo. Iimeko zokuchongwa kokugqiba iiprojekthi ezinxulumeneyo ngokubanzi ziquka: ubushushu, ukufuma, ingxolo yokusingqongileyo, amandla entsimi ye-electromagnetic, uvavanyo lombane okanye langoku, kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza (ezifana nesantya esolulayo) ezichaphazela iiparamitha zeprojekthi.

7.Ukuqonda njani ulwazi kwiziphumo zovavanyo kunye nezigqibo kunye neentsingiselo zazo?

Ingxelo yovavanyo kufuneka inike iziphumo zovavanyo lweeparamitha zovavanyo ezigqitywe yilabhoratri. Ngokubanzi, iziphumo zovavanyo zenziwe ngeeparamitha zovavanyo (igama), iyunithi yokulinganisa esetyenziselwa iiparamitha zovavanyo, iindlela zovavanyo kunye neemeko zovavanyo, idatha yovavanyo kunye neziphumo zeesampulu, njl.njl. Ngamanye amaxesha ilabhoratri inika idatha. ehambelana neeparamitha zovavanyo kunye nezigwebo zesiqinisekiso sento enye ngokweemfuno zabathengi abathembekileyo. ukuququzelela ukusetyenziswa kwengxelo.

Kwezinye iimvavanyo, ilabhoratri kufuneka yenze isigqibo solu vavanyo. Indlela yokusivakalisa isigqibo sovavanyo ngumbandela wokulumka okugqithisileyo kwilabhoratri. Ukuze uchaze ngokuchanekileyo nangokucacileyo isigqibo sovavanyo, izigqibo zengxelo yovavanyo ezinikwe yilabhoratri zinokubonakaliswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Izigqibo zokuhlolwa zibandakanya: imveliso eqinisekisiweyo, ukutshekishwa kwendawo yemveliso kufanelekileyo, izinto ezihloliweyo ezifanelekile, ezihambelana nemigangatho, njl. njl. Umsebenzisi wengxelo kufuneka aziqonde ngokuchanekileyo iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo zezi zigqibo, kungenjalo ingxelo yokuhlola ingasetyenziswa gwenxa. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba izinto ezihloliweyo zifanelekile, kuthetha kuphela ukuba izinto ezihloliweyo kwingxelo zihlangabezana neemfuno eziqhelekileyo, kodwa akuthethi ukuba yonke imveliso ifanelekile, kuba ezinye izinto azizange zihlolwe ngokupheleleyo, ngoko akunakwenzeka. ukugweba ukuba bafanelekile na okanye akunjalo.

8.Ngaba kukho umda wexesha lexesha lokuqinisekisa "iNgxelo yoHlolo loMgangatho weMveliso"?

Iingxelo zokuhlolwa komgangatho wemveliso ngokubanzi azinamhla wokuphelelwa. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzisi wengxelo unokugweba ukuba ingxelo efunyenweyo isenokwamkelwa kwaye ibhekiselele ngokolwazi olunjengobomi beshelufu kunye nobomi benkonzo yemveliso. Ukubekw' esweni nokuhlolwa okungacwangciswanga kwesebe lolawulo lomgangatho ngokuqhelekileyo kucwangciswa kanye ngonyaka. Ngoko ke, kungcono ukuba ungamkeli ingxelo yokuhlola kunye nokuhlolwa okungaphezu konyaka omnye. Kwiingxelo zovavanyo oluphathisiweyo jikelele, kukho imiqondiso okanye imiyalelo kwingxelo: "Kuphela uxanduva lweesampuli", ngoko ke, ukuthembeka kwezo ngxelo zovavanyo kufuneka kube ngaphantsi kwaye ixesha kufuneka libe lifutshane.

9.Indlela yokuqinisekisa ubunyani bengxelo yokuhlolwa komgangatho wemveliso?

Ukuqinisekiswa kwengxelo yokuhlolwa komgangatho wemveliso kufuneka kubuzwe yi-arhente yokuhlola ekhuphe ingxelo. Okwangoku, ii-arhente zokuhlola ezinkulu ngokubanzi ziye zaseka iiwebhusayithi, kwaye zibonelela ngolwazi lombuzo kubasebenzisi be-intanethi kwiwebhusayithi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba i-arhente yokuhlola inoxanduva lokugcina ulwazi lomgangatho wemveliso yeshishini elihloliweyo liyimfihlo, ulwazi olunikezelwa ngokubanzi kwiwebhusayithi lulinganiselwe.

10. Indlela yokuchonga uphawu kwingxelo yokuhlolwa komgangatho wemveliso?

CNAS (Laboratory National Accreditation Mark) ingasetyenziswa ziilabhoratri ezivunyiweyo yi-China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment ngokuhambelana nemithetho kunye nezikhokelo zokuvunywa kwe-CNAS; I-CMA (i-Laboratory Qualification Accreditation Metrology Accreditation Mark) ngokuhambelana nokuvunywa kwebhubhoratri (isiqinisekiso sokulinganisa) izikhokelo IiLabhoratri ezigqithise ukuhlolwa kokuvunywa zingasetyenziswa (umthetho wokulinganisa ufuna: zonke ii-arhente zokuhlola ezikhupha idatha enobulungisa kuluntu kufuneka zigqithise isatifikethi sokulinganisa, ngoko ingxelo yovavanyo kunye nale logo kufuneka isetyenziswe njengovavanyo lokuqinisekisa);

Ukongeza, i-arhente yokuhlola nganye iphinda isebenzise isimboli sayo sokuzazisa kwingxelo, ngakumbi ii-arhente zokuhlola zamazwe angaphandle zinezazisi zazo.

11. Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukwenza isicelo sokuhlolwa ukuya ekufumaneni ingxelo yokuhlola?

Ixesha lokugqiba umsebenzi wokuhlola kunye nengxelo lichongwa ngenani leeparamitha zokuhlola ezinqunywe yimigangatho yobugcisa apho imveliso ihlolwe khona kunye nexesha lokuhlola ipharamitha nganye. Ngokubanzi, sisimbuku sexesha elifunekayo ukugqiba zonke iiparamitha zokuhlola, kunye nolungiselelo kunye nokukhutshwa kweengxelo zohlolo. ixesha, isixa la maxesha mabini lixesha lokuhlola. Ngoko ke, xa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye nemveliso efanayo ihlolwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, ixesha lokuhlola ngokubanzi lihlukile. Olunye uhlolo lwemveliso luthatha kuphela iintsuku ezi-1-2 ukugqiba, ngelixa uhlolo lwemveliso luthatha inyanga okanye iinyanga ezininzi (ukuba kukho izinto zeparamitha zokuhlola ixesha elide ezifana novavanyo lobomi, uvavanyo lokuguga, uvavanyo lokuthembeka, njl. njl.). (Umhleli: Izinto zovavanyo lwesiqhelo zimalunga ne-5-10 yeentsuku zokusebenza.)

12.Ziziphi izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela umgangatho weengxelo zokuhlolwa komgangatho wemveliso?

Le ngxaki inkulu kakhulu, kwaye kunzima ukuyicacisa ngezivakalisi ezimbalwa ezilula. Ngokombono wee-arhente zokuhlola, ulawulo lwethu lwebhubhoratri lusekelwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezilawula umgangatho weengxelo zokuhlola. Ezi zinto zenziwa ngamakhonkco okuhlola ahlukeneyo (ukwamkelwa kweshishini, isampuli, ukulungiswa kwesampulu, ukuhlolwa, ukurekhoda kunye nokubalwa kwedatha, kunye nengxelo yeziphumo zokuhlolwa). Ngokuqhelekileyo kuqwalaselwa ukuba ezi zinto zibandakanya: abasebenzi, amaziko kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo, izixhobo, ukulandelwa kobuninzi, iindlela zokuvavanya, isampuli kunye nokulawulwa kweesampuli zokuvavanya, ulawulo lweerekhodi zovavanyo kunye neengxelo, njl.