UHlelo kunye neNdlela yoPhicotho loMboneleli kwiiMarike zaseYurophu naseMelika

Ukuhlolwa kwefektri yamashishini aseYurophu naseMelika ngokuqhelekileyo kulandela imigangatho ethile, kwaye ishishini ngokwalo okanye amaziko agunyazisiweyo ophicotho lweqela lesithathu aqhuba uphicotho kunye novavanyo lwababoneleli. Imigangatho yophicotho-zincwadi yamashishini ahlukeneyo kunye neeprojekthi nazo ziyahluka kakhulu, ngoko ke ukuhlolwa kwefektri akuyonto eqhelekileyo, kodwa umda wemigangatho esetyenziswayo uyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko. Kufana neebhloko zokwakha zeLego, ukwakha imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokuhlola indibaniselwano yefektri. La macandelo angohlulwa ngokubanzi abe ziindidi ezine: ukuhlolwa kwamalungelo oluntu, ukuhlolwa kobunqolobi, ukuhlolwa komgangatho, kunye nempilo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokuhlolwa kokhuseleko.

Udidi 1, uHlolo lweFactory yamaLungelo oLuntu

Ngokusemthethweni kwaziwa njengophicotho loxanduva loluntu, uphicotho loxanduva loluntu, uvavanyo lwefektri yoxanduva loluntu, njalo njalo. Yahlulahlulwe ngakumbi kwisatifikethi somgangatho woxanduva lwentlalo (efana ne-SA8000, ICTI, BSCI, WRAP, isatifikethi seSMETA, njl.njl.) kunye nophicotho olusemgangathweni lwabathengi (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-COC yokuhlola umzi-mveliso, njenge-WAL-MART, i-DISNEY, ukuhlolwa kwefektri yaseCarrefour. njl.). Olu hlobo "lokuhlolwa kwefektri" luphunyezwa ngokukodwa ngeendlela ezimbini.

1. Isiqinisekiso soMgangatho woXanduva lweNtlalo yoShishino

Isatifikethi esisemgangathweni soxanduva loluntu sibhekiselele kumsebenzi wokugunyazisa amaziko athile angathathi ntweni ngumphuhlisi wenkqubo yequmrhu lentlalontle ukuphonononga ukuba ngaba inkampani eyenza isicelo somgangatho othile inako ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho emiselweyo. Umthengi ufuna ukuba amashishini aseTshayina afumane izatifikethi zesiqinisekiso ngokusebenzisa iziqinisekiso ezithile zamazwe ngamazwe, zengingqi, okanye zeshishini “loxanduva loluntu” njengesiseko sokuthenga okanye sokubeka iiodolo. Le migangatho ibandakanya ikakhulu i-SA8000, i-ICTI, i-EICC, i-WRAP, i-BSCI, i-ICS, i-SMETA, njl.

2. Uphononongo olusemgangathweni lwabathengi (Umgaqo wokuziphatha)

Phambi kokuthenga iimveliso okanye ukubeka iiodolo zemveliso, iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ziphonononga ngokuthe ngqo ukuphunyezwa koxanduva lwentlalo yoluntu, ubukhulu becala imigangatho yabasebenzi, ziinkampani zaseTshayina ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yoxanduva lwentlalo esekwe ngamaqumrhu ezizwe ngezizwe, aziwa njengeekhowudi zokuziphatha zequmrhu. Ngokubanzi, iinkampani ezinkulu neziphakathi zamazwe ngamazwe zineyazo ikhowudi yokuziphatha, njengeWal Mart, Disney, Nike, Carrefour, BROWNSHOE, PAYLESSS HOESOURCE, VIEWPOINT, Macy's kunye nezinye iimpahla zaseYurophu naseMelika, izihlangu, iimfuno zemihla ngemihla, ukuthengisa. kunye nezinye iinkampani zamaqela. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba bubungqina beqela lesibini.

Umxholo wezo zozibini iziqinisekiso usekelwe kwimigangatho yezabasebenzi yamazwe ngamazwe, efuna ababoneleli-nkonzo bathabathe izibophelelo ezimiselweyo ngokwemigangatho yabasebenzi kunye neemeko zokuphila zabasebenzi. Xa sithelekisa, isatifikethi somntu wesithathu sivele ngaphambili, sinokhuselo olukhulu kunye neempembelelo, ngelixa imigangatho yesatifikethi somntu wesithathu kunye nophononongo lubanzi ngakumbi.

Uhlobo lwesibini, ukuhlolwa kwefektri yokulwa nobunqolobi

Enye yemilinganiselo yokujongana nemisebenzi yobuphekula eyavela emva kokuhlaselwa kwe-9 / 11 e-United States kwi-2001. Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuhlola i-anti-terrorism plant: C-TPAT kunye ne-GSV eqinisekisiweyo. Okwangoku, isatifikethi se-GSV esikhutshwe yi-ITS samkelwa ngokubanzi ngabathengi.

1. C-TPAT counter-terrorism

I-Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) ijonge ukusebenzisana namashishini afanelekileyo ukuseka inkqubo yolawulo lonikezelo lokhuseleko ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezothutho, ulwazi lokhuseleko, kunye nokuhamba kwempahla ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni kwekhonkco lokubonelela, ngaloo ndlela. ukuthintela ukungena kwabanqolobi.

2. GSV counter-terrorism

I-Global Security Verification (GSV) yinkqubo yenkonzo yezorhwebo ehamba phambili kumazwe ngamazwe ebonelela ngenkxaso yophuhliso kunye nokuphunyezwa kwezicwangciso zokhuseleko lokubonelela ngehlabathi jikelele, ezibandakanya ukhuseleko lwefektri, ukugcinwa kwempahla, ukupakishwa, ukulayishwa kunye nokuthunyelwa. Injongo yenkqubo ye-GSV kukusebenzisana nabanikezeli behlabathi kunye nabathumeli abavela kwamanye amazwe, ukukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwehlabathi jikelele, ukunceda onke amalungu aqinise ukhuseleko kunye nokulawulwa komngcipheko, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwekhonkco lokubonelela, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko. I-C-TPAT / GSV ifaneleka ngokukodwa kubakhiqizi kunye nabanikezeli abathumela ngaphandle kuwo onke amashishini kwiimarike zase-US, ukuvumela ukungena ngokukhawuleza e-US ngokusebenzisa iziteshi ezikhawulezayo, ukunciphisa iinkqubo zokuhlola izithethe; Ukwandisa ukhuseleko lweemveliso ukusuka kwimveliso ukuya kwindawo yazo, ukunciphisa ilahleko, kwaye uphumelele abathengisi abaninzi baseMelika.

Udidi lwesithathu, ukuhlolwa kwemveliso esemgangathweni

Ikwaziwa njengokuhlolwa komgangatho okanye uvavanyo lwamandla emveliso, ibhekisa kuphicotho lomzi-mveliso olusekwe kwimigangatho yomgangatho womthengi othile. Umgangatho udla ngokungabi "umgangatho jikelele", owahlukileyo kwisiqinisekiso senkqubo ye-ISO9001. Ukuphindaphinda kokuhlolwa komgangatho awuphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nokuhlolwa koxanduva loluntu kunye nokuhlolwa okuchasene nobunqolobi. Kwaye ubunzima bophicotho bungaphantsi kunohlolo lwefektri yoxanduva loluntu. Thatha iWal Mart's FCCA njengomzekelo.

Igama elipheleleyo lokuhlola umzi-mveliso omtsha we-FCCA we-Wal Mart yiFactory Capacity&Capacity Assessment, esisisiphumo somzi-mveliso kunye novavanyo lomthamo. Injongo yayo kukuphonononga ukuba imveliso yefektri kunye nomthamo wemveliso iyahlangabezana nomthamo weWal Mart kunye neemfuno zomgangatho. Imixholo yayo ephambili ibandakanya le miba ilandelayo:

1. IZibonelelo zefektri kunye nokusiNgqongileyo

2. Ukulungiswa komatshini kunye noLondolozo

3. Inkqubo yoLawulo loMgangatho

4. Ukulawulwa kwezinto ezingenayo

5. Inkqubo kunye noLawulo lweMveliso

6. Kwi-House Lab Testing

7. Ukuhlolwa kokugqibela

Udidi lwesi-4, uHlolo lweFactory yeMpilo yokuSingqongileyo kunye noKhuseleko

Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, impilo nokhuseleko, lushunqulelwe njenge-EHS ngesiNgesi. Ngokwandiswa kwengqalelo yoluntu lonke kwimpilo yokusingqongileyo kunye nemiba yokhuseleko, ulawulo lwe-EHS lutshintshile ukusuka kumsebenzi oncedisayo kuphela wolawulo lweshishini ukuya kwicandelo eliyimfuneko lemisebenzi yoshishino oluzinzileyo. Okwangoku, iinkampani ezifuna uphicotho lwe-EHS ziquka uMbane Jikelele, iMifanekiso yeUniversal, iNike, kunye nezinye.