Eli nqaku lishwankathela ukuhlelwa kweendlela zokuhlola umgangatho we-11, kwaye lazisa uhlobo ngalunye lokuhlola. I-coverage iphelele, kwaye ndiyathemba ukuba inokunceda wonke umntu.
01 Hlela ngokolandelelwano lwenkqubo yemveliso
1. Uhlolo olungenayo
Inkcazo: Uhlolo olwenziwa lishishini kwizinto ezithengiweyo zekrwada, iinxalenye ezithengiweyo, iinxalenye ezithengiweyo, iindawo ezixhasayo, izixhobo ezincedisayo, iimveliso ezixhasayo kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo ngaphambi kokugcinwa. Injongo: Ukuthintela iimveliso ezingafanelekanga ukuba zingene kwindawo yokugcina impahla, ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezingafanelekanga ukuba zichaphazele umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuchaphazela umyalelo wemveliso oqhelekileyo. Iimfuno: Abahloli abafikayo bexesha elizeleyo baya kuqhuba uhlolo ngokuhambelana neenkcukacha zokuhlola (kubandakanywa nezicwangciso zokulawula). Ulwahlulo: Kubandakanya ibhetshi yokuqala (yeqhekeza) yesampulu yohlolo olungenayo kunye nohlolo oluninzi olungenayo.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo
Ingcaciso: Ekwabizwa ngokuba luhlolo lwenkqubo, luhlolo lweempawu zemveliso eziveliswa kwinkqubo nganye yokuvelisa ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso. Injongo: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso ezingafanelekanga kwinkqubo nganye aziyi kuhamba kwinkqubo elandelayo, ukuthintela ukuqhutyelwa phambili kweemveliso ezingafanelekanga, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukucwangciswa kwemveliso eqhelekileyo. Idlala indima yokuqinisekisa inkqubo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa kweemfuno zenkqubo. Iimfuno: Abasebenzi bokuhlola inkqubo yexesha elizeleyo baya kuqhuba uhlolo ngokwenkqubo yokuvelisa (kubandakanywa nesicwangciso solawulo) kunye neenkcukacha zokuhlola. Ukuhlelwa: uhlolo lokuqala; ukuhlolwa kwamapolisa; uhlolo lokugqibela.
3. Uvavanyo lokugqibela
Ingcaciso: Ekwabizwa ngokuba kukuhlolwa kwemveliso egqityiweyo, ukuhlolwa kwemveliso egqityiweyo luhlolo olupheleleyo lweemveliso emva kokuphela kwemveliso nangaphambi kokuba iimveliso zibekwe kwindawo yokugcina. Injongo: Ukuthintela iimveliso ezingafanelekanga ukuba zihambe ziye kubathengi. Iimfuno: Isebe lokuhlola umgangatho weshishini lijongene nokuhlolwa kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo. Ukuhlolwa kufuneka kuqhutywe ngokuhambelana nemimiselo kwisikhokelo sokuhlola iimveliso ezigqityiweyo. Ukuhlolwa kweebhetshi ezinkulu zeemveliso ezigqityiweyo ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhutyelwa ngokuhlola isampuli yamanani. Kwiimveliso ezidlula ukuhlolwa, iworkshop inokusingatha iinkqubo zokugcina kuphela emva kokuba umhloli ekhupha isatifikethi sokuthotyelwa. Zonke iimveliso ezigqityiweyo ezingafanelekanga kufuneka zibuyiselwe kwiworkshop ukuze ziphinde zisebenze, zilungiswe, zehliselwe phantsi okanye zilahlwe. Iimveliso ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezihlaziywayo kufuneka zihlolwe kwakhona kuzo zonke izinto, kwaye abahloli kufuneka benze iirekhodi zokuhlola ezilungileyo zeemveliso ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezilungisiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wemveliso uyalandeleka. Ukuhlolwa kwemveliso eqhelekileyo: ukuhlolwa kobukhulu obupheleleyo, ukuhlolwa kwembonakalo yemveliso egqityiweyo, i-GP12 (iimfuno ezizodwa zabathengi), uvavanyo lohlobo, njl.
02 Ihlelwa ngokwendawo yokuhlolwa
1. Ukuhlolwa okubekwe kwindawo enye Iimveliso ezihloliweyo zigxininiswe kwindawo esisigxina ukuze zihlolwe, ezifana nezikhululo zokuhlola. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuhlolwa kokugqibela kwamkela indlela yokuhlola okuphakathi.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwesiza Ukuhlolwa kwendawo, okwakwaziwa njengokuhlolwa kwendawo, kubhekiselele ekuhlolweni kwindawo yemveliso okanye kwindawo yokugcina imveliso. Ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo ngokubanzi okanye ukuhlolwa kokugqibela kweemveliso ezinkulu kwamkela ukuhlolwa kwendawo.
3. Ukuhlolwa okuhambahambayo (ukuhlola) Abahloli kufuneka baqhube uhlolo lomgangatho wokujikeleza kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso kwindawo yemveliso. Abahloli baya kuqhuba uhlolo ngokuhambelana nokuphindaphinda kunye nobuninzi bokuhlolwa okuchazwe kwisicwangciso solawulo kunye nemiyalelo yokuhlola, kunye nokugcina iirekhodi. Amanqaku okulawula umgangatho wenkqubo kufuneka abe yingqwalasela yohlolo olujikelezayo. Abahloli kufuneka bamakishe iziphumo zohlolo kwitshathi yolawulo lwenkqubo. Xa uhlolo lokutyelela lufumanisa ukuba kukho ingxaki ngomgangatho wenkqubo, kwelinye icala, kuyimfuneko ukufumanisa imbangela yenkqubo engaqhelekanga kunye nomsebenzisi, ukuthatha amanyathelo okulungisa asebenzayo, kwaye ubuyisele inkqubo kwindawo elawulwayo. urhulumente Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, zonke ii-workpieces ezicutshungulwayo zihlolwa nge-100% kwakhona ukuthintela iimveliso ezingafanelekanga ukuba zingene kwinkqubo elandelayo okanye ezandleni zabathengi.
03 Ihlelwa ngokwendlela yokuhlola
1. Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye neekhemikhali Ukuhlolwa komzimba kunye neekhemikhali kubhekiselele kwindlela yokuxhomekeka ikakhulu kwizixhobo zokulinganisa, izixhobo, iimitha, izixhobo zokulinganisa okanye iindlela zeekhemikhali zokuhlola iimveliso kunye nokufumana iziphumo zokuhlola.
2. Uvavanyo lwe-Sensory Ukuhlolwa kwe-Sensory, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-sensory inspection, ixhomekeke kumalungu omntu we-sensory ukuvavanya okanye ukugweba umgangatho weemveliso. Umzekelo, imilo, umbala, ivumba, isiva, iqondo lokuguga, njl. njl hayi. Uvavanyo lweemvakalelo lunokwahlulwa lube: Uvavanyo loluvo olukhethwayo: Okufana nokungcamla iwayini, ukungcamla iti kunye nokuchongwa kwenkangeleko yemveliso kunye nesimbo. Kuxhomekeke kumava atyebileyo asebenzayo abahloli ukwenza izigwebo ezichanekileyo nezisebenzayo. Uvavanyo loluvo lokuhlalutya: Okufana nokuhlola indawo kaloliwe kunye nokuhlolwa kwendawo yezixhobo, kuxhomekeke kwimvakalelo yezandla, amehlo, kunye neendlebe ukugweba ubushushu, isantya, ingxolo, njl. njl. isiphumo semveliso. Ngosetyenziso okanye uvavanyo lwemveliso, jonga ukusebenza kweempawu zokusetyenziswa kwemveliso.
04 Ihlelwa ngokwenani leemveliso ezihloliweyo
1. Uvavanyo olupheleleyo
Ukuhlolwa okupheleleyo, okukwabizwa ngokuba yi-100% yokuhlola, kukuhlolwa okupheleleyo kwazo zonke iimveliso ezingeniswe ukuze zihlolwe ngokwemigangatho echaziweyo nganye nganye. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nangona konke ukuhlolwa ngenxa yokuhlolwa okungalunganga kunye nokuhlolwa okulahlekileyo, akukho siqinisekiso sokuba bafanelekile i-100%.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwesampulu
Ukuhlolwa kwesampulu kukukhetha inani elichaziweyo leesampuli ukusuka kwibhetshi yokuhlola ngokwesicwangciso sangaphambili sesampulu sokwenza isampulu, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetshi ifanelekile okanye ayifanelekanga ngokuhlolwa kwesampulu.
3. Ukukhululwa
Ikakhulu kukukhulula iimveliso eziphumelele isiqinisekiso somgangatho wemveliso yesebe eligunyazisiweyo lesizwe okanye iimveliso ezithembekileyo xa zithengiwe, kwaye nokuba zamkelwe okanye azivunyelwanga zisekwe kwisatifikethi somthengisi okanye idatha yokuhlola. Xa ukhululwe ekuhlolweni, abathengi basoloko kufuneka babeke iliso kwinkqubo yemveliso yababoneleli. Ukongamela kunokuqhutywa ngokuthumela abasebenzi okanye ukufumana iitshathi zolawulo lwenkqubo yokuvelisa.
05 Ukuhlelwa kweempawu zedatha ngeempawu zomgangatho
1. Ukuhlolwa kwexabiso lomlinganiselo
Ukuhlolwa kwexabiso lokulinganisa kufuneka kulinganiswe kwaye kubhalwe ixabiso elithile leempawu zekhwalithi, ukufumana idatha yexabiso lokulinganisa, kwaye ugwebe ukuba ngaba imveliso ifanelekile ngokwentelekiso phakathi kwexabiso ledatha kunye nomgangatho. Idatha yekhwalithi efunyenwe ngokuhlolwa kwexabiso lokulinganisa inokuhlalutywa ngeendlela zezibalo ezifana ne-histograms kunye neetshathi zokulawula, kunye nolwazi oluninzi olusemgangathweni lunokufumaneka.
2. Bala uvavanyo lwexabiso
Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, iigeyiji zomda (ezifana ne-plug gauges, snap gauges, njl. njl.) zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuhlolwa. Idatha yekhwalithi efunyenweyo yidatha yexabiso lokubala njengenani leemveliso ezifanelekileyo kunye nenani leemveliso ezingafanelekanga, kodwa amaxabiso athile eempawu zekhwalithi ayinakufunyanwa.
06 Ukuhlelwa ngokwemeko yesampulu emva kokuhlolwa
1. Ukuhlolwa okutshabalalisayo
Ukuhlolwa okutshabalalisayo kuthetha ukuba iziphumo zokuhlola (ezifana nokukwazi ukuqhushumba kweegobolondo, amandla ezinto zetsimbi, njl. njl.) zinokufumaneka kuphela emva kokuba isampulu yokuhlolwa itshatyalaliswe. Emva kovavanyo olutshabalalisayo, iisampuli ezivavanyiweyo zilahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo ixabiso lazo lokusetyenziswa kwasekuqaleni, ngoko ke ubungakanani besampula buncinci kwaye umngcipheko wokuvavanya uphezulu. 2. Ukuhlolwa okungonakalisi Ukuhlolwa okungonakalisi kubhekiselele ekuhlolweni ukuba imveliso ayonakaliswanga kwaye umgangatho wemveliso awutshintshi kakhulu ngexesha lokuhlolwa. Uhlolo oluninzi, olufana nomlinganiselo wenxalenye yemilinganiselo, luhlolo olungonakalisi.
07 Ukuhlelwa ngokwenjongo yokuhlola
1. Ukuhlolwa kwemveliso
Ukuhlolwa kwemveliso kubhekiselele kuhlolo olwenziwa lishishini lemveliso kwinqanaba ngalinye layo yonke inkqubo yemveliso yokwenziwa kwemveliso, ngenjongo yokuqinisekisa umgangatho weemveliso eziveliswa lishishini lemveliso. Ukuhlolwa kwemveliso kusebenzisa imigangatho yokuhlola imveliso yombutho.
2. Ukuhlolwa kokwamkelwa
Ukuhlolwa kokuvunywa kukuhlolwa okwenziwa ngumthengi (icala lemfuno) ekuhloleni nasekuvunyweni kweemveliso ezibonelelwa lishishini lokuvelisa (umthengisi). Injongo yokuhlolwa kokwamkelwa kukuba abathengi baqinisekise umgangatho weemveliso ezamkelweyo. Iikhrayitheriya zokwamkelwa emva kokuhlolwa kokuvunywa kuqhutywe kwaye kuqinisekiswe ngumthengisi.
3. Ukubeka iliso kunye nokuhlolwa
Ukongamela kunye nokuhlola kubhekiselele kulawulo lokuhlola olungenamkhethe lwemarike kunye nokuhlolwa olwenziwa zii-arhente zokuhlola ezizimeleyo ezigunyaziswe ngamasebe afanelekileyo karhulumente kuwo onke amanqanaba, ngokwesicwangciso esiqulunqwe lisebe lolawulo lomgangatho, ngokuthatha iisampulu zeemveliso ezivela kwimarike okanye ngokuthe ngqo isampuli. iimveliso ezivela kubavelisi. Injongo yokubeka iliso kunye nokuhlola kukulawula umgangatho weemveliso ezibekwe kwimarike kwinqanaba elikhulu.
4. Uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa
Uhlolo lokuqinisekisa lubhekiselele kuhlolo lokuba i-arhente yokuhlola ezimeleyo egunyaziswe ngamasebe karhulumente anobuchule kuwo onke amanqanaba ithatha iisampulu kwiimveliso eziveliswe lishishini, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba ngaba iimveliso eziveliswe lishishini ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zemigangatho yomgangatho ophunyeziweyo ngokuhlola. Umzekelo, uhlobo lovavanyo kwisiqinisekiso somgangatho wemveliso lolovavanyo lokuqinisekisa.
5. Uvavanyo lolamlo
Ukuhlolwa kolamlo kuthetha ukuba xa kukho imbambano phakathi komthengisi kunye nomthengi ngenxa yomgangatho wemveliso, i-arhente yokuhlola ezimeleyo egunyaziswe ngamasebe karhulumente anobuchule kuwo onke amanqanaba iya kuthatha iisampulu ukuze zihlolwe kwaye ibonelele i-arhente yolamlo njengesiseko sobugcisa sokugweba. .
08 Ukuhlelwa ngokobonelelo nangemfuno
1. Ukuhlolwa kweqela lokuqala
Ukuhlolwa komntu wokuqala kubhekiselele kuhlolo olwenziwa ngumenzi ngokwakhe kwiimveliso azivelisayo. Ukuhlolwa kweqela lokuqala ngokwenene kukuhlolwa kwemveliso okwenziwa ngumbutho ngokwawo.
2. Ukuhlolwa kweqela lesibini
Umsebenzisi (umthengi, icala lemfuno) ubizwa ngokuba liqela lesibini. Ukuhlolwa okwenziwa ngumthengi kwiimveliso ezithengiweyo okanye izinto ezikrwada, iindawo ezithengiweyo, iinxalenye ezithengiweyo kunye neemveliso ezixhasayo kuthiwa luhlolo lweqela lesibini. Ukuhlolwa kweqela lesibini ngokwenene kukuhlolwa kunye nokwamkelwa komthengisi.
3. Ukuhlolwa komntu wesithathu
Ii-arhente zokuhlola ezizimeleyo ezigunyaziswe ngamasebe karhulumente kuwo onke amanqanaba zibizwa ngokuba ngamaqela esithathu. Uhlolo lomntu wesithathu lubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwesophavayiza, ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa, ukuhlolwa kwe-arbitration, njl.
09 Ihlelwa ngumhloli
1. Ukuzivavanya
Ukuzihlola kubhekiselele ekuhlolweni kweemveliso okanye iinxalenye eziqhutywe ngabasebenzisi ngokwabo. Injongo yokuzihlola kukuba umqhubi aqonde umgangatho womgangatho weemveliso ezicutshungulwayo okanye iinxalenye ngokuhlola, ukuze ulungelelanise ngokuqhubekayo inkqubo yokuvelisa ukuvelisa iimveliso okanye iindawo ezihlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zomgangatho.
2. Ukuhlolwa okufanayo
Ukuhlolwa okufanayo kukuhlolwa okufanayo kweemveliso ezicutshungulwayo ngabaqhubi bohlobo olufanayo lomsebenzi okanye iinkqubo eziphezulu nezisezantsi. Injongo yokuhlola okufanayo kukufumanisa kwangexesha iingxaki ezisemgangathweni ezingahambelani nemigaqo yenkqubo ngokuhlola, ukuze kuthathwe amanyathelo okulungisa kwangethuba ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho weemveliso ezicutshungulwayo.
3. Ukuhlolwa okukhethekileyo
Uhlolo olukhethekileyo lubhekiselele kuhlolo olwenziwa ngabasebenzi abakhokelwa ngokuthe ngqo yi-arhente yokuhlola umgangatho weshishini kwaye basebenza ngokusisigxina ekuhloleni umgangatho.
10 Ukuhlelwa ngokwamacandelo enkqubo yokuhlola
1. Ukuhlolwa kwebhetshi ngebhetshi Ukuhlolwa kwebhetshi ngebhetshi kubhekiselele kuhlolo lwebhetshi nganye kwibhetshi nganye yeemveliso eziveliswe kwinkqubo yokuvelisa. Injongo yokuhlolwa kwe-batch-by-batch kukugweba ukuba ibhetshi yeemveliso ifanelekile okanye ayikho.
2. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo
Ukuhlolwa kwamaxesha ngamaxesha luhlolo olwenziwa kwisithuba sexesha elithile (ikota okanye inyanga) ukusuka kwibhetshi ethile okanye iibhetshi ezininzi ezithe zadlula uhlolo lwebhetshi ngebhetshi. Injongo yokuhlolwa kwamaxesha ngamaxesha kukugweba ukuba ngaba inkqubo yokuvelisa kumjikelo izinzile.
3. Ubudlelwane phakathi kokuhlolwa kwamaxesha athile kunye nokuhlolwa kwebhetshi ngebhetshi
Ukuhlolwa kwamaxesha athile kunye nokuhlolwa kwebhetshi Yenza inkqubo yokuhlola epheleleyo yeshishini. Ukuhlolwa kwamaxesha ngamaxesha kukuhlola isiphumo sezinto zenkqubo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, ngelixa ukuhlolwa kwebhetshi ngebhetshi kukuhlola ukufumanisa umphumo wezinto ezingahleliwe. Ezi zimbini ziyinkqubo yokuhlola epheleleyo yokuqalisa nokugcina imveliso. Ukuhlolwa kwamaxesha ngamaxesha sisiseko sokuhlolwa kwebhetshi ngebhetshi, kwaye akukho kuhlolwa kwebhetshi ngebhetshi kwinkqubo yemveliso ngaphandle kokuhlolwa ngamaxesha athile okanye ukungaphumeleli kokuhlolwa kwamaxesha athile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-batch-by-batch kukuncedisa ukuhlolwa kwexesha, kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-batch-by-batch kukuhlola ukulawula imiphumo yezinto ezingahleliwe ngesiseko sokuphelisa imiphumo yenkqubo yezinto ngokuhlolwa kwexesha. Ngokubanzi, ukuhlolwa kwe-batch-by-batch kuhlola kuphela iimpawu eziphambili zomgangatho wemveliso. Ukuhlolwa kwamaxesha kukuvavanya zonke iimpawu zomgangatho wemveliso kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo (ubushushu, ukufuma, ixesha, uxinzelelo lomoya, amandla angaphandle, umthwalo, imitha, ukungunda, izinambuzane, njl. njl.) ukwaluphala okukhawulezileyo kunye novavanyo lobomi. Ngoko ke, izixhobo ezifunekayo ekuhlolweni kwamaxesha ziyinkimbinkimbi, umjikelo ude, kwaye iindleko ziphezulu, kodwa ukuhlolwa kwamaxesha akumele kwenziwe ngenxa yoko. Xa ishishini lingenazo iimeko zokuqhuba uhlolo ngamaxesha athile, linokunika ii-arhente zokuhlola kuwo onke amanqanaba ukuba zenze uhlolo lwamaxesha athile egameni lalo.
11 Ihlelwa ngokwesiphumo sovavanyo
1. Uvavanyo oluqinisekileyo Ukuhlolwa okuqinisekileyo kusekelwe kumgangatho womgangatho wemveliso, kwaye sisigwebo sokuthotyelwa kokugweba ukuba ngaba imveliso ifanelekile okanye hayi ngokuhlola.
2. Uvavanyo olunika ulwazi
Ukuhlola ulwazi yindlela yokuhlola yanamhlanje esebenzisa ulwazi olufunyenwe ekuhloleni ulawulo lomgangatho.
3. Uvavanyo lwe-Causality
Uvavanyo lokufumana unobangela kukufumana izizathu ezinokwenzeka ezingafanelekanga (ukufuna isizathu) ngokuqikelelwa ngokwaneleyo kwinqanaba loyilo lwemveliso, ukuyila nokuvelisa isixhobo sokuqinisekisa iimpazamo ngendlela ekujoliswe kuyo, kwaye siyisebenzise kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso. imveliso ukuphelisa ukuveliswa kwemveliso engafanelekanga.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-29-2022