Abathengi kuluntu lwanamhlanje bahlawula ingqalelo ngakumbi nangakumbi kwingqikelelo yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, kwaye uninzi lwabathengi benkcazo yomgangatho wemveliso itshintshile ngokuzolileyo.Imbono eqondakalayo 'yevumba' lemveliso ikwayenye yezalathi ezingundoqo kubathengi ukuba bavavanye umgangatho wemveliso.Ngokuqhelekileyo abathengi baphawula nje ngemveliso enjengale: "Xa uvula ipakethe, kukho iphunga leplastiki elinamandla, elibukhali kakhulu" okanye "Xa uvula ibhokisi yezihlangu, kukho iphunga elinamandla leglue, kwaye imveliso ivakalelwa. ngaphantsi".Impembelelo ayinyamezeleki kubavelisi abaninzi.Ukunuka yeyona mvakalelo intuitive yabathengi.Ukuba ubungakanani obuchanekileyo bufuneka, kufuneka siqonde ingqikelelo yee-VOCs.
1. Yintoni ii-VOCs kunye nokuhlelwa kwazo?
IiVOCs sisishunqulelo segama lesiNgesi elithi "Volatile Organic Compounds" leekhompawundi eziguquguqukayo zezinto eziphilayo.Zombini iikhompawundi zaseTshayina eziguquguqukayo kunye neekhompawundi eziguquguqukayo zesiNgesi zinde, ngoko kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukusebenzisa iiVOCs okanye iVOC ngokufutshane.TVOC(I-Total Volatile Organic Compounds) ichazwa ngokwemigangatho ethile: isampuli kunye ne-Tenax GC kunye ne-Tenax TA, ihlalutywe ngekholamu ye-chromatographic engekho-polar (isalathisi se-polarity esingaphantsi kwe-10), kwaye ixesha lokugcinwa liphakathi kwe-n-hexane kunye ne-n-hexadecane. Igama eliqhelekileyo leekhompawundi eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo.Ibonisa inqanaba elipheleleyo le-VOCs kwaye ngoku lelona lixhaphakileyoimfuneko yovavanyo. I-SVOC(Ii-Semi Volatile Organic Compounds): Iikhompawundi zezinto eziphilayo ezikhoyo emoyeni azikho nje ii-VOCs.Ezinye iikhompawundi eziphilayo zinokubakho ngaxeshanye kwimeko yegesi kunye nenxalenye yento kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, kwaye umlinganiselo kwizigaba ezibini uya kutshintsha njengoko ubushushu buguquka.Iikhompawundi ezinjalo ze-organic zibizwa ngokuba yi-semi-volatile organic compounds, okanye ii-SVOCs ngokufutshane.I-NVOCKukwakho nezinye iikhompawundi eziphilayo ezikhoyo kuphela kwi-particulate matter kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, kwaye ayizizo iikhompawundi ze-organic ezingaguqukiyo, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-NVOCs.Ingaba i-VOCs, i-SVOCs okanye i-NVOCs emoyeni, bonke bathatha inxaxheba kwiikhemikhali ze-atmospheric kunye neenkqubo zomzimba, kwaye ezinye zazo zinokubeka engozini impilo yabantu ngokuthe ngqo.Bazisa iziphumo zokusingqongileyo kubandakanya ukuchaphazela umgangatho womoya, ukuchaphazela imozulu kunye nemozulu, njl.
2. Zeziphi izinto eziqulethwe ikakhulu kwii-VOCs?
Ngokutsho kolwakhiwo lwemichiza yeekhompawundi eziguquguqukayo ze-organic (VOCs), zinokuphinda zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezisi-8: ii-alkanes, ii-hydrocarbons ezinuka kamnandi, ii-alkenes, i-halogenated hydrocarbons, i-esters, i-aldehydes, i-ketones kunye nezinye iikhompawundi.Ukusuka kwimbono yokhuselo lwendalo esingqongileyo, ikakhulu ibhekisa kuhlobo lweekhompawundi eziguquguqukayo ze-organic ezineempawu zekhemikhali ezisebenzayo.IiVOC eziqhelekileyo ziquka ibenzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, trichlorethylene, chloroform, trichloroethane, diisocyanate (TDI), diisocyanocresyl, njl.
Iingozi zeeVOCs?
(1) Ukucaphuka kunye netyhefu: Xa ii-VOCs zidlula uxinaniso oluthile, ziya kucaphukisa amehlo kunye nepheshana lokuphefumla labantu, okubangela ukungahambi kakuhle kwesikhumba, umqala obuhlungu kunye nokukhathala;I-VOCs inokudlula ngokulula kwisithintelo segazi-ingqondo kwaye yonakalise inkqubo ye-nervous central;Ii-VOCs zinokwenzakalisa isibindi somntu, izintso, ingqondo kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
(2) I-Carcinogenicity, i-teratogenicity kunye netyhefu yenkqubo yokuzala.Njenge-formaldehyde, i-p-xylene (PX), njl.
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(4) Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe<em>ozone: Ngaphantsi kokukhanya kwelanga nobushushu, ithatha inxaxheba ekuphenduleni kwee<em>nitrogen oxides ukwenza i<em>ozone, nto leyo ekhokelela kumgangatho ophantsi womoya kwaye iyeyona nxalenye iphambili ye<em>photochemical smog nenkungu yasezidolophini ehlotyeni.
(5) PM2.5, ii-VOCs ezikwiatmosfera zithatha malunga ne-20% ukuya kwi-40% ye-PM2.5, kwaye inxalenye ye-PM2.5 itshintshwe ukusuka kwii-VOCs.
Kutheni iinkampani kufuneka zilawule ii-VOCs kwiimveliso?
- 1. Ukunqongophala kwezinto eziphambili zemveliso kunye namanqaku okuthengisa.
- 2. I-Homogenization yeemveliso kunye nokhuphiswano oluqatha.Imfazwe yamaxabiso ibangele ukuba ingeniso yenkampani yehle, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ingazinzanga.
- 3. Izikhalazo zabathengi, ukuphononongwa kakubi.Le nto inempembelelo enkulu kwishishini leemoto.Xa abathengi bekhetha imoto, ngaphezu kweemfuno zokusebenza, isalathisi sephunga eliphuma ngaphakathi kwemoto sanele ukutshintsha ukhetho lokugqibela.
4. Umthengi uyala kwaye uyayibuyisela imveliso.Ngenxa yexesha elide lokugcinwa kwindawo evaliweyo yesikhongozeli semveliso yasekhaya, ivumba libi kakhulu xa isitya sivulwa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba umsebenzi wezothutho ala ukukhulula imveliso, umthengi ayigatye, okanye afune ngokucokisekileyo. uphando lwemvelaphi yevumba, uvavanyo lwengozi, njl njl.
5. Iimfuno zemithetho nemigaqo.Uphuculo lwamva nje lwe-EU lweIimfuno zokukhutshwa kwe-formaldehydekwiSihlomelo XVII se-REACH (iimfuno ezisinyanzelo) sibeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zokuthunyelwa kwemveliso yeshishini kumazwe angaphandle.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimfuno zelizwe lam zolawulo lwee-VOCs ziye zaxhaphaka, nokuba ziphambili kwihlabathi.Umzekelo, emva kwesiganeko "somgaqo weenqwelo-moya onetyhefu" esatsalela ingqalelo ngokubanzi kuluntu, kwaqaliswa imigangatho enyanzelekileyo yelizwe yeendawo zeplastiki zezemidlalo.IBlue Sky Defense yasungula uthotho lweiimfuno ezisisinyanzelokwiimveliso zemathiriyeli ekrwada njalo njalo.
TTSkudala uzibophelele kuphando kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yobhaqo yeVOC, ineqela lobuchwephesha lobuchwephesha kunye neseti epheleleyouvavanyoizixhobo, kwaye inokubonelela abathengi ngeenkonzo zokumisa enye ukusuka kulawulo lomgangatho wemveliso ukuya ekulandeleleni imveliso yokugqibela ye-VOC.Nye.Malunga novavanyo lwe-VOCInkonzo yokuvavanya i-VOC inokwamkela iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezijoliswe kuzo kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye neenjongo ezahlukeneyo: 1. Izinto ezisetyenziswayo: indlela yesikhwama se-micro-cage (i-sampling bag yovavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-VOC), indlela yokuhlalutya kwe-thermal 2. Imveliso egqityiweyo: isikhwama Indlela eqhelekileyo ye-VOC yendawo yokugcina impahla ( iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zihambelana nobukhulu obuhlukeneyo beemveliso) zisebenza: iimpahla, izihlangu, iithoyi, izixhobo zombane ezincinci, njl. njl. , njl.) okanye ukuvavanywa ngokubanzi kwezixhobo zekhaya ezinkulu (iifriji, iifriji zomoya).Kwizixhobo zombane zasekhaya, ukuvavanywa kabini kwendlela yokusebenza kunye nokungaqhubeki komatshini wonke kunokuqhutywa ukulinganisa ukukhutshwa kwe-VOC kwemveliso kwindawo yokuthutha okanye yokusetyenziswa kwegumbi.Eyesibini: Uvandlakanyo lwevumba TTSsele ibandakanyeka kwiinkonzo zovavanyo lwe-VOC ixesha elide, kwaye ineqela layo lovavanyo "impumlo yegolide", enokubonelela.ichanekile, injongokwayekulungileiinkonzo ivumba rating iimveliso.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-07-2023