Kungekudala, umenzi esimsebenzelayo wenze amalungiselelo okuba imathiriyeli yabo ingene kuvavanyo lweziyobisi eziyingozi. Nangona kunjalo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-APEO yafunyanwa kwizinto eziphathekayo. Ngesicelo somrhwebi, sabancedisa ekuchongeni imbangela ye-APEO egqithisileyo kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuphucula. Ekugqibeleni, iimveliso zabo zaluphumelela uvavanyo lweziyobisi eziyingozi.
Namhlanje siza kwazisa ezinye iindlela zokuchasana xa izinto ezinobungozi kwizinto zemveliso yezicathulo zidlula umgangatho.
IiPhthalates
I-phthalate esters ligama eliqhelekileyo leemveliso ezifunyenwe ngokusabela kwe-phthalic anhydride kunye ne-alcohols.Iyakwazi ukuthambisa iplastiki, inciphise ukufuma okunyibilika kweplastiki, kwaye yenze kube lula ukusetyenzwa nokumila. Ngokwesiqhelo, iiphthalates zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto zokudlala zabantwana, iiplastiki ze-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), kunye nezinto ezincamathelayo, izinto zokuncamathelisa, izinto zokucoca, izinto zokuthambisa, ukuprintwa kwesikrini, ii-inki zokushicilela ubushushu, ii-inki zeplastiki, kunye neengubo zePU.
I-Phthalates ihlelwa njengezinto ezinobungozi bokuzala yi-European Union, kwaye zineepropathi zehomoni zokusingqongileyo, ezifana ne-estrogen, enokuphazamisana ne-endocrine yabantu, inciphisa umthamo wamadlozi kunye nesidoda, ukuhamba kwedlozi kuphantsi, i-sperm morphology ayiqhelekanga, kwaye iyingozi kakhulu. iimeko ziya kukhokelela kumhlaza wamatyhalarha, “ongunobangela” weengxaki zokuzala kwamadoda.
Phakathi kwezinto zokuthambisa, ipolishi yeenzipho inowona mxholo uphezulu wephthalates, ekwaqulethwe kwizithako ezininzi ezinuka kamnandi zokuthambisa. Le nto kwizithambiso iya kungena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuphefumla yabasetyhini kunye nolusu. Ukuba isetyenziswe kakhulu, iya kwandisa umngcipheko wabasetyhini wokuba nomhlaza wamabele kwaye yenzakalise inkqubo yokuzala yamakhwenkwe abo azayo.
Izinto zokudlala zeplastiki ezithambileyo kunye neemveliso zabantwana ezine-phthalates zinokungeniswa kumazwe angaphandle ngabantwana. Ukuba ishiywe ixesha elaneleyo, inokubangela ukuchithwa kwe-phthalates kudlule amanqanaba akhuselekileyo, ibeka engozini isibindi sabantwana kunye nezintso, kubangele ukufikisa kwangaphambili, kwaye kuchaphazele ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yokuzala yabantwana.
Imilinganiselo echaseneyo yokugqithisa umgangatho we-ortho benzene
Ngenxa yokunganyibiliki kwe-phthalates/esters emanzini, amanqanaba agqithisileyo e-phthalates kwiiplastiki okanye kwiilaphu azinakuphuculwa ngeendlela zokunyanga emva kokunyanga ezifana nokuhlamba amanzi. Endaweni yoko, umenzi angasebenzisa kuphela imathiriyeli ekrwada engenazo iiphthalates ukuvelisa kwakhona kunye nokusetyenzwa.
Alkylphenol/Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (AP/APEO)
I-Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (i-APEO) iseyinxalenye eqhelekileyo kumalungiselelo amaninzi ekhemikhali kuzo zonke ikhonkco lokuveliswa kwempahla kunye nezihlangu.I-APEO kudala isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-surfactant okanye i-emulsifier kwizinto zokucoca, ii-agent zokukhuhla, ii-dipersants zedayi, iipastes zokushicilela, i-oyile ejikelezayo, kunye nee-agent zokumanzisa. Isenokusetyenziswa njengemveliso yokukhutshwa kwesikhumba kwishishini lemveliso yesikhumba.
I-APEO inokuthotywa kancinci kwindawo kwaye ekugqibeleni iboliswe ibe yi-Alkylphenol (AP). Ezi mveliso zokuthotywa zinetyhefu enamandla kwizinto eziphilayo zasemanzini kwaye zineziphumo ezihlala ixesha elide kwindalo esingqongileyo. Iimveliso ezibolile ngokuyinxenye ze-APEO zineehomoni zokusingqongileyo ezifana neepropathi, ezinokuphazamisa imisebenzi ye-endocrine yezilwanyana zasendle kunye nabantu.
Amanyathelo okuphendula ngokugqitha imigangatho ye-APEO
I-APEO inyibilika ngokulula emanzini kwaye inokususwa kwizinto ezilukiweyo ngokuhlamba ngamanzi obushushu obuphezulu. Ngaphezu koko, ukongeza inani elifanelekileyo lokungena kunye ne-ejenti yesepha ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhlamba kunokususa ngokufanelekileyo i-APEO eseleyo kwizinto ezilukiweyo, kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izongezo ezisetyenzisiweyo akufanele ziqulathe i-APEO ngokwazo.
Ukongezelela, i-softener esetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokuthambisa emva kokuhlamba akufanele iqulethe i-APEO, ngaphandle koko i-APEO inokubuyiselwa kwizinto eziphathekayo.Emva kokuba i-APEO idlula umgangatho kwiplastiki, ayinakususwa. Izongezo kuphela okanye izinto eziluhlaza ngaphandle kwe-APEO zingasetyenziswa ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa ukuphepha i-APEO edlula umgangatho kwizinto zeplastiki.
Ukuba i-APEO idlula umgangatho kwimveliso, kucetyiswa ukuba umenzi aqale aphande ukuba ngaba inkqubo yokuprinta kunye nokudaya okanye izongezo ezisetyenziswe kwishishini lokuprinta kunye nokudaya ziqulethe i-APEO. Ukuba kunjalo, zibuyisele endaweni yazo ngezongezo ezingaqulathanga i-APEO.
Amanyathelo okuphendula ngokugqitha imigangatho ye-AP
Ukuba i-AP kwi-textiles idlula umgangatho, ingaba ngenxa yomxholo ophezulu we-APEO kwizongezo ezisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kunye nokucubungula, kwaye ukubola sele kwenzeke. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba i-AP ngokwayo ayinyibiliki ngokulula emanzini, ukuba i-AP idlula umgangatho kwimpahla, ayinakususwa ngokuhlamba kwamanzi. Inkqubo yokushicilela kunye nokudaya okanye amashishini angasebenzisa kuphela izongezo ngaphandle kwe-AP kunye ne-APEO yokulawula. Emva kokuba i-AP kwiplastiki idlula umgangatho, ayikwazi ukususwa.Inokuphetshwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa izongezo okanye izinto eziluhlaza ezingenayo i-AP kunye ne-APEO ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa.
I-Chlorophenol (PCP) okanye i-organic chlorine carrier (COC)
I-Chlorophenol (PCP) ibhekisa ngokubanzi kuthotho lwezinto ezifana ne-pentachlorophenol, i-tetrachlorophenol, i-trichlorophenol, i-dichlorophenol, kunye ne-monochlorophenol, ngelixa i-organic chlorine carriers (COCs) iqulethe i-chlorotoluene kunye ne-chlorotoluene.
I-Organic chlorine carriers isetyenziswe ngokubanzi njenge-solvent esebenzayo kwi-polyester yokudaya, kodwa ngophuhliso kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezixhobo zokuprinta kunye nokudaya kunye neenkqubo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-organic chlorine carriers kuye kwaba yinto enqabileyo.I-Chlorophenol idla ngokusetyenziswa njengesigcini seempahla ezilukiweyo okanye idayi, kodwa ngenxa yetyhefu eyomeleleyo, ayifane isetyenziswe njengesithinteli.
Nangona kunjalo, i-chlorobenzene, i-toluene eklorini, kunye ne-chlorophenol nazo zingasetyenziswa njengeziphakathi kwinkqubo yokudibanisa idayi. Iidayi eziveliswe ngale nkqubo zihlala ziqulathe iintsalela zezi zinto, kwaye nokuba ezinye iintsalela azibalulekanga, ngenxa yeemfuno zolawulo oluphantsi, ukubhaqwa kwale nto kwiilaphu okanye idayi kusengadlula imigangatho. Kuxelwa ukuba kwinkqubo yokuvelisa idayi, iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zingasetyenziselwa ukususa ngokupheleleyo ezi ntlobo zintathu zezinto, kodwa ziya kwandisa iindleko ngokuhambelanayo.
Amanyathelo okunqanda i-COC kunye ne-PCP egqitha imigangatho
Xa izinto ezifana ne-chlorobenzene, i-chlorotoluene, kunye ne-chlorophenol kwizinto zemveliso zigqithise umgangatho, umenzi unokuphanda kuqala ukuba izinto ezinjalo zikhoyo kwinkqubo yokushicilela kunye nokudaya okanye kwiidayi okanye izongezo ezisetyenziswa ngumenzi wokushicilela nokudaya. Ukuba zifunyenwe, iidayi okanye izongezo ezingenazo izinto ezithile kufuneka zisetyenziswe endaweni yemveliso elandelayo.
Ngenxa yokuba izinto ezinjalo azikwazi ukususwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokuhlamba ngamanzi. Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuyiphatha, inokwenziwa kuphela ngokususa zonke iidayi kwilaphu kwaye emva koko udaye izinto kwakhona ngeedayi kunye nezongezo ezingenazo ezi ntlobo zintathu zezinto.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-14-2023