Iphepha, iWikipedia iyichaza njengelaphu elingalukwanga elenziwe ngemicu yezityalo enokusongwa ngokwentando yokubhalwa kwayo.
Imbali yephepha yimbali yempucuko yabantu. Ukususela ekuveleni kwephepha kwi-Western Han Dynasty, ekuphuculweni kwephepha le-Cai Lun kwi-Eastern Han Dynasty, kwaye ngoku, iphepha alisekho nje umthwali wokubhala, kodwa lingasetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo ezifana nokushicilela, ukupakishwa, ishishini, kunye nobomi.
Kulo mba, makhe sijonge kuhlolo jikelele/ukuhlola amanqaku aphambili kunye nezigwebo eziqhelekileyo zesiphene seemveliso zephepha.
Ubungakanani besicelo
Iimveliso esisebenza kuzo esi sikhokelo zibandakanya: iphepha lenkcubeko, iphepha lobugcisa kunye nezolimo, iphepha lokupakisha kunye nephepha lendlu. Iphepha lelizwe lam elisuka kumazwe angaphandle liphepha lenkcubeko ubukhulu becala (ushicilelo lweendaba, iphepha eligqunyiweyo, ioffset paper, iphepha lokubhala) kunye nephepha lokupakisha (ikhadibhodi yekrafti, amakhadibhodi amhlophe, amazinki asisiseko, ikhadibhodi emhlophe, iseli, njl. njl.).
02 Ujoliso kuhlolo
| Imbonakalo
Ukubonakala kwephepha yinto ebalulekileyo ekunqumeni umgangatho wephepha. Ayichaphazeli nje ukubonakala kwephepha, kodwa ezinye iziphene ezibonakalayo zichaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwephepha.
Isikhokelo sokuHlola ngokuBanzi kwiiMveliso zePhepha
Ukuhlolwa komgangatho wenkangeleko yephepha kwamkela ikakhulu iindlela zokuhlola ubuso ngobuso, ukuhlolwa kweflethi, ukuhlolwa kwe-squint kunye nokuhlolwa kwesandla. Umphezulu wephepha ufuneka ukuba ube mcaba kwaye ucoceke, kwaye akukho ukugoba, imibimbi, umonakalo, iibhloko ezinzima, amabala okuhambisa ukukhanya, amabala eentlanzi, i-chromatic aberration, amabala ahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zoboya ezicacileyo zivumelekile. Qaphela: Ukuhlolwa komgangatho wembonakalo yephepha elingeniswa kwamanye amazwe lwenziwa ngokuhambelana nemimiselo ye-ZBY32033-90.
| Iipropati Zomzimba
Inqaku eliphambili: Iimfuno zephepha ezahlukeneyo zahlukile ngokohlelo
I-Newsprint: I-Newsprint ifuna ukuba iphepha lithambile kwaye licinezeleke, kwaye umphezulu wephepha kufuneka ube ne-absorbency enkulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-inki yokushicilela inokoma ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lenkqubo yokushicilela. Kuyimfuneko ukuba amacala amabini ephepha agudileyo, ubukhulu buhambelana, i-opacity ilungile, ukuprintwa kukhululekile kwi-lint, ayinamathiseli ipleyiti, ipateni icacile, kwaye akukho siphene sombono. Kwiphepha lokuqengqeleka, iziphelo ezimbini zomqulu kufuneka zibe nokuqina okufanayo, amalungu ambalwa, kunye nokuqina okuhle kokuqina, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokuprinta koomatshini bokushicilela obujikelezayo obukhawulezayo.
Iimfuno zomgangatho wephepha eligqunyiweyo: ukuguda. Umphezulu wephepha kufuneka ube mtyibilizi kakhulu, ukuze udibane ngokupheleleyo nomphezulu wepleyiti yobhedu yesikrini ngexesha loshicilelo, ukuze ufumane iipateni ezicolekileyo nezicacileyo zomgca obhityileyo, ezinokwenyani ngokwemilo kwaye zithandeke emehlweni.
Iphepha lebhodi emhlophe: Iphepha lebhodi emhlophe ngokubanzi lifuna ukuthungwa okuqinileyo, umphezulu ogudileyo, ubukhulu obungaguqukiyo, akukho lint kumphezulu wephepha, i-absorbency elungileyo kunye nesantya esincinci sokwelula ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuprintwa kwemibala emininzi. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokwenza ibhokisi, iphepha lebhodi emhlophe kufuneka libe neempawu zokuqina okuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugoqa okunamandla.
Ikhadibhodi ye-Kraft: Ikhadibhodi ye-Kraft yikhadibhodi esetyenziselwa ngokukodwa ukupakishwa kwangaphandle kwempahla, ngoko ke ukuthungwa kwephepha kufuneka kube nzima, kwaye amandla agqabhukayo, amandla okucinezela umsesane kunye neqondo lokukrazula kufuneka libe phezulu. Ukongezelela, kufuneka ibe nokuchasana kwamanzi aphezulu, ukwenzela ukuba amandla angayi kuncitshiswa kakhulu ngenxa yobuninzi bokufunxa ukufuma, okubangela umonakalo kwibhokisi ngexesha lokuthutha ulwandle okanye ukugcinwa okubandayo. Kwakhona kufuneka ibe nokuguda okuthile kwikhadibhodi ye-kraft efuna ukusetyenziselwa ukushicilela.
Iphepha lesiseko eligutyungelweyo: Iphepha lesiseko elibotshiweyo lifuna ukomelela kwefayibha elungileyo, umphezulu wephepha ogudileyo, kunye nokuqina okuphezulu kunye nokuqina. Iqondo elithile le-elasticity liyafuneka ukuze kugcinwe amandla okumelana nokothuka kunye noxinzelelo lwekhathoni evelisiweyo. Ke ngoko, amandla agqabhukileyo kunye namandla oxinzelelo lweringi (okanye amandla oxinzelelo olucaba) zezona zalathisi zibonakalisa amandla esiseko sephepha. Ukongezelela, isalathisi sokufuma kufuneka siphinde silawulwe. Ukuba umxholo womswakama uncinci kakhulu, iphepha liya kuba lukhuni, kwaye ukuqhekeka kuya kwenzeka ngexesha lenkqubo ye-corrugating. Isiqulatho samanzi esigqithisileyo siya kuzisa ubunzima ekusebenzeni. Ngokubanzi, umthamo wokufuma kufuneka ube malunga ne-10%.
I-Cellophane: I-Cellophane iyabonakala ngombala, iqaqambile kumphezulu wephepha, iyunifomu yobukhulu, ithambile kwaye iyanwebeka. Iyakudumba kwaye ithambile emva kokuba ifakwe emanzini, kwaye inciphe ngokwendalo emva kokoma. Ukongezelela, ngenxa yokulungelelaniswa kwe-cellulose microcrystals kwi-longitudinal direction, amandla e-longitudinal ephepha likhulu, kwaye ulwalathiso olunqamlekileyo luncinci, kwaye ukuba kukho ukuqhekeka, kuya kwaphulwa ngamandla amancinci kakhulu. I-Cellophane ineempawu zokungabi namanzi, ukunyanzeliswa kweoli kunye nokungabi namanzi.
Iphepha lokuprinta le-Offset: Iphepha le-offset lisetyenziselwa ukuprinta ngemibala emininzi. Ukongeza kokufuna ubumhlophe obuhle kunye nothuli oluncinci, ineemfuno eziphezulu zokuqina kwephepha, ukomelela kunye nokunyamezela ukusonga. Ngexesha lokushicilela, umphezulu wephepha awuphalazi i-lint, umgubo, okanye uprinte. Ineemfuno ezifanayo njengephepha eligqunyiweyo.
03
Inkcazo yesiphene kunye nesigwebo
| Intengiso yokuPakisha
Ukugxila: Iindlela zokupakisha kunye nokupakisha
Iziphene kunye nemigangatho yokugweba enxulumene nentengiso kunye nokupakishwa kweemveliso zephepha zilandelayo:
Inkcazo yesiphene ibulala kakhulu imveliso encinci yokupakishwa ngokungafanelekanga /*/
| Ukuphawula/ukuMakisha/Ukushicilela
Ugxininiso: Iileyibhile, ukuprinta ukupakishwa kweentengiso kunye neemveliso
Inkcazo yesiphene iFatal Serious Serious Minor Product ethengiswayo eYurophu nase-US: Akukho lwazi lwesithako *// Imveliso ethengiswa e-US: Akukho lizwe lolwazi lwemvelaphi *// Imveliso ethengiswa e-US: Akukho gama lomenzi / inombolo yokubhalisa * //
| Inkqubo yokuvelisa
Inqaku eliphambili: Ingaba iphepha eliqeqeshiweyo lonakaliswe, njl.
Iziphene kunye neendlela zokugweba ezinxulumene nenkqubo yemveliso zezi zilandelayo:
Inkcazo yesiphene UFatal Kakhulu kaNcinci Umonakalo wePhepha njl./*/amabala/**imingxuma/imingxuma/*/imibimbi/imibimbi/**ikhefu/*/iikrophu/*/iikona ezisongekileyo/**amabala amdaka/**seesucker /** Iibhloko zePulp kunye nezinye iibhloko ezinzima/**
| Ukuhlolwa kwemveliso emva kokushicilela
Ugxininiso: amabala emveliso emva kokushicilela, imibimbi, njl.
Iziphene kunye nemigangatho yokugweba enxulumene neemveliso zasemva koshicilelo zezi zilandelayo:
Inkcazo yesiphene ebulalayo kakhulu encinci ene-mottled /** eshwabeneyo/**i-carbureted kunye namanzi/**iphepha elaphukileyo*//iphepha elincinane*//
| Imbonakalo
Amanqaku aphambili: Imbonakalo yeempawu zoboya, njl.
Iziphene ezinxulumene nenkangeleko kunye neendlela zokugweba zezi zilandelayo:
INkcazelo yesiphene iFatal Emabi Kakhulu Amanqaku aVakeleyo amaNcinci/**ICouch Roll Amanqaku esithunzi/**Igloss Streaks/**
04
Uvavanyo kwalapho
Ngexesha lokuhlolwa kweemveliso zephepha, olu vavanyo lulandelayo kwisiza luyafuneka:
| Ukukhangela ubunzima bemveliso
Isikhokelo sokuHlola ngokuBanzi kwiiMveliso zePhepha
Inqaku eliphambili: ubunzima begram bujonga ukuba ubunzima begram banele
Ubungakanani boVavanyo: Ubuncinci iisampulu ezi-3 kwisitayile ngasinye.
Iimfuno zokuhlola: Yenza umlinganiselo wemveliso kwaye urekhode idatha yokwenyani; khangela ngokweemfuno zobunzima obunikiweyo okanye ulwazi lobunzima kunye nokunyamezelana kwizinto zokupakisha imveliso.
| UkuJonga ukutyeba kwePhepha
Inqaku eliphambili: Ingaba ubukhulu buhlangabezana neemfuno
Ubungakanani boVavanyo: Ubuncinci iisampulu ezi-3 kwisimbo ngasinye.
Iimfuno zokuhlola: yenza imilinganiselo yobukhulu bemveliso kwaye urekhode idatha yangempela; khangela ngokweemfuno zokutyeba ezinikiweyo okanye ulwazi lokutyeba kunye nokunyamezelana kwizinto zokupakisha imveliso.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-04-2022