Iphepha, iWikipedia iyichaza njengento engalukwanga eyenziwe ngemicu yezityalo enokusongwa ngokuthanda kwaye isetyenziswe ekubhaleni.
Imbali yephepha yimbali yempucuko yabantu. Ukususela ekuveleni kwephepha kwi-Western Han Dynasty ukuya kwi-technology ephuculweyo ye-papermaking ye-Cai Lun kwi-Eastern Han Dynasty, kwaye ngoku, iphepha alisekho nje umthwali wokubhala, kodwa lingasetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo ezifana nokushicilela, ukupakisha, ishishini. , kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla.
01 Ubungakanani besicelo
Iimveliso ezisebenzayo ziquka: iphepha lenkcubeko, iphepha lobugcisa kunye nezolimo, iphepha lokupakisha kunye nephepha lendlu.
iphepha lelizwe lam elingeniswa kumazwe angaphandle ikakhulu libandakanya iphepha lenkcubeko (ushicilelo lweendaba, iphepha eligqunyiweyo, i-offset paper, iphepha lokubhala) kunye nephepha lokupakisha (iphepha le-kraft, iphepha lebhodi emhlophe, iphepha elisisiseko, ikhadibhodi emhlophe, i-cellophane, njl.).
02 Amanqaku aphambili oHlolo
Imbonakalo
Gxininisa: Imbonakalo
Egudileyo, ecocekileyo, njl.
Ukubonakala kwephepha yinto ebalulekileyo ekunqumeni umgangatho wephepha. Ayichaphazeli nje ubuhle bephepha, kodwa ezinye iziphene zokubonakala ziya kuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwephepha.
Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yembonakalo yephepha ikakhulu kusetyenziswa ukuhlolwa kokukhanya, ukuhlolwa kokukhanya kweflethi, ukuhlolwa kwe-squint kunye nokuhlolwa kwesandla. Umphezulu wephepha ufuneka ukuba ugudiswe kwaye ucoceke, kwaye akukho migoqo, imibimbi, umonakalo, iibhloko ezinzima, amabala okuhambisa ukukhanya, amabala eentlanzi, ukungafani kombala, amabala ahlukeneyo kunye namanqaku acacileyo avumelekileyo.
Qaphela: Ukuhlolwa komgangatho wembonakalo yephepha elingeniswa kwamanye amazwe lwenziwa ngokuhambelana ne-ZBY32033-90.
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo
Ukugxila: ngokwahlulahlulo
Amaphepha ahlukeneyo aneemfuno ezahlukeneyo
I-Newsprint: I-Newsprint ifuna iphepha elithambileyo nelicinezelekayo, kwaye umphezulu wephepha kufuneka ufunxe kakhulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-inki yokushicilela inokoma ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lenkqubo yokushicilela. Iphepha lifuneka ukuba libe ligudileyo kumacala omabini, lihambelana nobukhulu, kunye nokungafihli kakuhle, akukho lint okanye i-smear ngexesha lokushicilela, iipateni ezicacileyo, kwaye akukho ziphene zembono. Iphepha lokuqengqeleka lifuna ukuqina okungaguquguqukiyo kuzo zombini iziphelo zomqulu, amalungu ambalwa, kunye nokuqina okuhle kokuziqhelanisa neemfuneko zokuprinta koomatshini bokushicilela abajikelezayo besantya esiphezulu.
Iimfuno zomgangatho wephepha eligqunyiweyo: ukuguda. Umphezulu wephepha kufuneka ugudiswe kakhulu ukuze ube nokunxibelelana ngokupheleleyo nomphezulu weplate yobhedu yesikrini ngexesha loshicilelo, ngaloo ndlela ufumane ipateni ethambileyo necacileyo yomgca ocolekileyo onemilo eyinyani kunye nokuqaqamba okukholisayo.
Iphepha lebhodi elimhlophe: Iphepha lebhodi elimhlophe ngokubanzi lifuna ukuthungwa okuqinileyo, indawo egudileyo, ubukhulu obuhambelanayo, i-lint-free paper surface, i-absorbency efanelekileyo kunye nesantya esincinci sokwandisa ukulungelelanisa neemfuno zokugqithisa imibala emininzi. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokwenza ibhokisi, iphepha lebhodi emhlophe kufuneka libe neempawu zokuqina okuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugoqa okunamandla.
Iphepha le-Kraft: Iphepha le-Kraft yikhadibhodi esetyenziselwa ngokukodwa ukupakishwa kwemveliso, ngoko ke ukuthungwa kwephepha kufuneka kube nzima, kunamandla aphezulu aqhumayo, amandla okutyumza umsesane kunye namandla okukrazula. Ukongezelela, kufuneka ibe nokuchasana kwamanzi aphezulu ukwenzela ukuba ngexesha lokuthuthwa kolwandle okanye ukugcinwa okubandayo, amandla awayi kuncitshiswa kakhulu ngenxa yobuninzi bokufunxa umswakama, okubangela umonakalo kwibhokisi. Iphepha le-kraft elifuna ukusetyenziselwa ukuprinta kufuneka libe nokuguda okuthile.
Iphepha lesiseko elibotshiweyo: Iphepha lesiseko elibotshiweyo lifuna ukomelela okulungileyo kwefayibha, umphezulu wephepha ogudileyo, kunye nokuqina okuphezulu kunye nokuqina. Iqondo elithile lokunwebeka liyafuneka ukuze kugcinwe amandla okumelana nokothuka kunye noxinzelelo lweekhathoni ezenziweyo. Ke ngoko, amandla agqabhukileyo kunye namandla okutyumza umsesane (okanye amandla okutyumza okusicaba) zezona zalathisi zibonakalisa ukomelela kwesiseko sephepha. Ukongeza, isalathisi sokufuma kufuneka silawulwe. Ukuba isiqulatho sokufuma sincinci kakhulu, iphepha liya kuba brittle kwaye lingaphuka ngexesha lokulungiswa kwamalahle. Ukufuma okugqithisileyo kuya kubangela ubunzima ekusebenzeni. Ngokubanzi, umthamo wokufuma kufuneka ube malunga ne-10%.
I-Cellophane: I-Cellophane iyabonakala ngombala, iqaqambile kumphezulu, iyunifomu yobukhulu, ithambile kwaye iyanwebeka. Iyakudumba kwaye ithambile emva kokuntywiliselwa emanzini, kwaye iya kucutheka ngokwendalo emva kokoma. Ifunxa kakhulu amanzi kwaye ithanda ukuba nemibimbi kwaye incamathele xa isesichengeni sokufuma. Ukongezelela, ngenxa yokulungelelaniswa kwe-cellulose microcrystals kwi-longitudinal direction, amandla e-longitudinal ephepha likhulu kwaye ulwalathiso olunqamlekileyo luncinci. Ukuba kukho iintanda, iya kwaphuka phantsi kwamandla amancinci. I-Cellophane ayinamoya, i-oyile-iqinile kwaye ayinamanzi.
Iphepha lokuprinta le-Offset: Iphepha le-offset lisetyenziselwa ukuprinta ngemibala emininzi. Ukongeza kubumhlophe obuhle kunye nothuli oluncinci, ineemfuno eziphezulu zokuqina kwephepha, ukomelela kwe-tensile, kunye nokumelana nokusonga. Ngexesha lokushicilela, umphezulu wephepha awuphalazi i-lint, umgubo, okanye uprinte. Iimfuno ziyafana nezo zephepha eligqunyiweyo.
03Inkcazo yesiphene kunye nesigwebo
| Ukupakishwa kweentengiso
Ukugxila: ukupakisha
Ukupakisha
Iziphene kunye neendlela zokugweba ezinxulumene nokupakishwa kweemveliso zephepha zilandelayo:
| Inkcazo yesiphene | Okubalulekileyo | Enkulu | Mncinci |
| Ukupakishwa kwemveliso engafanelekanga | / | * | / |
| Ukuleyibhela/uchazo/uShicilelo
Ukugxila: iilebhile, ukuprinta
Ukupakishwa kwentengiso ekujoliswe kuyo kunye neemveliso
| Inkcazo yesiphene | Okubalulekileyo | Enkulu | Mncinci |
| Iimveliso ezithengiswa eYurophu nase-United States: Akukho lwazi lwesithako | * | / | / |
| Iimveliso ezithengiswa eUnited States: Akukho lizwe lolwazi lwemvelaphi | * | / | / |
| Iimveliso ezithengiswa eUnited States: Akukho gama lomenzi/inombolo yobhaliso | * | / | / |
| Iinkqubo zemveliso
Gxininisa: Ngaba iyafaneleka?
Iphepha elonakeleyo, njl.
Iziphene kunye neendlela zokugweba ezinxulumene nenkqubo yemveliso zezi zilandelayo:
| Inkcazo yesiphene | Okubalulekileyo | Enkulu | Mncinci |
| Iphepha elonakeleyo, njl. | / | * | / |
| indawo | / | * | * |
| imingxuma/imingxuma | / | * | / |
| imibimbi/ imibimbi | / | * | * |
| Yaphula ibhanki | / | * | / |
| umsantsa | / | * | / |
| onendlebe yenja | / | * | * |
| Umdaka | / | * | * |
| seesucker | / | * | * |
| Iibhloko zePulp kunye nezinye iibhloko ezinzima | / | * | * |
| Ukuhlolwa kwemveliso emva kokushicilela
Ukugxila: Iimveliso zasemva kokushicilela
Amabala, imibimbi, njl.
Iziphene kunye neendlela zokugweba ezinxulumene neemveliso zasemva koshicilelo zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
| Inkcazo yesiphene | Okubalulekileyo | Enkulu | Mncinci |
| piebald | / | * | * |
| Imibimbi | / | * | * |
| Ioli yeekhemikhali kunye namanzi | / | * | * |
| Amaphepha aphukileyo | * | / | / |
| Amaphepha ambalwa | * | / | / |
Umphandle
Gxininisa: Imbonakalo
Amanqaku okuziva, njl.
Iziphene ezinxulumene nenkangeleko kunye neendlela zokugweba zezi zilandelayo:
| Inkcazo yesiphene | Okubalulekileyo | Enkulu | Mncinci |
| Iimpawu zokuziva | / | * | * |
| Roll amanqaku ethunzi | / | * | * |
| imivimbo yeglosi | / | * | * |
04 uvavanyo kwisiza
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhlolwa kweemveliso zephepha, olu vavanyo lulandelayo kwisiza luyafuneka:
| Ukuhlolwa kobunzima bemveliso
Ukugxila: ukuhlolwa kobunzima
Ngaba ubunzima banele?
Ubungakanani bovavanyo: ubuncinci iisampulu ezi-3 kwisitayile ngasinye.
Iimfuno zokuhlola:
Yenza umlinganiselo wemveliso kwaye urekhode idatha yokwenyani;
Jonga ngokuchasene neemfuno zobunzima obunikiweyo okanye ulwazi lobunzima kunye nokunyamezelana kwimathiriyeli yokupakisha imveliso.
| Ukujonga ubukhulu bephepha
Ukugxila: Ukutyeba
iyafikelela kwimfuno
Ubungakanani bovavanyo: ubuncinci iisampulu ezi-3 kwisitayile ngasinye.
Iimfuno zokuhlola:
Yenza imilinganiselo yobukhulu bemveliso kwaye urekhode idatha yokwenyani;
Qwalasela ngokuchasene neemfuno zokutyeba ezinikiweyo okanye ulwazi lobuninzi kunye nokunyamezelana kwimathiriyeli yokupakisha imveliso.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-23-2024