Ngaphambi kokuthenga isibane sedesika, ukongeza ekuqwalaseleni iinkcukacha, imisebenzi, kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko, musa ukuluhoya uphawu lwesiqinisekiso kwipakethe yangaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, zininzi kakhulu iimpawu zokuqinisekisa izibane zetafile, zithetha ukuthini?
Okwangoku, phantse zonke izibane ze-LED zisetyenziswa, nokuba ziibhalbhu ezikhanyayo okanye iibhubhu ezikhanyayo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, uninzi lweembonakalo ze-LED zazikwizibane zesalathisi kunye nezibane zendlela yeemveliso ze-elektroniki, kwaye azifane zingene kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko iteknoloji ikhulile kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izibane zedesksi ze-LED kunye nezibane ezikhanyayo ziye zavela, kwaye izibane zesitrato kunye nezibane zemoto ziye zatshintshwa ngokuthe ngcembe zizibane ze-LED. Phakathi kwazo, izibane zedesika ze-LED zineempawu zokonga amandla, ukuqina, ukhuseleko, ulawulo olulumkileyo, kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Zineenzuzo ezininzi kunee-incandescent bulbs zendabuko. Ke ngoko, uninzi lwezibane zedesika kwimarike ngoku zisebenzisa izibane ze-LED.
Nangona kunjalo, izibane ezininzi zedesika kwimarike zithengisa izinto ezinje nge-flicker-free, anti-glare, ukonga amandla, kwaye akukho bungozi bokukhanya okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaba ezi ziyinyaniso okanye bubuxoki? Qinisekisa ukugcina amehlo akho evulekile kwaye ubhekisele kwisatifikethi seleyibhile ukuze uthenge isibane sedesika esinomgangatho oqinisekisiweyo kunye nokhuseleko.
Ngokumalunga ne "Safety Standards for Lamps" uphawu:
Ukuze kukhuselwe amalungelo kunye nomdla wabathengi, okusingqongileyo, ukhuseleko, kunye nococeko, kunye nokuthintela iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophantsi ukuba zingangeni emarikeni, oorhulumente kumazwe ahlukeneyo baneenkqubo zokuleyibheli ezisekelwe kwimithetho nakwimigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Lo ngumgangatho onyanzelekileyo wokhuseleko kwindawo nganye. Akukho mgangatho wokhuseleko ophunyezwa lilizwe ngalinye. UZhang akakwazi ukungena kwindawo ukuze athengise ngokusemthethweni. Ngezi zibane eziqhelekileyo, uya kufumana uphawu oluhambelanayo.
Ngokubhekiselele kwimigangatho yokhuseleko lwezibane, amazwe anamagama ahlukeneyo kunye nemimiselo, kodwa imimiselo ngokubanzi isekwe ngokuhambelana nemigangatho efanayo yamazwe ngamazwe ye-IEC (iKhomishoni ye-Electrotechnical International). Kwi-EU, yi-CE, iJapan yi-PSE, i-United States yi-ETL, kwaye e-China yi-CCC (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-3C) isatifikethi.
I-CCC imisela ukuba zeziphi iimveliso ekufuneka zihlolwe, ngokweziphi iinkcukacha zobugcisa, iinkqubo zokuphunyezwa, ukumakishwa okudibeneyo, njl. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ezi ziqinisekiso aziqinisekisi umgangatho, kodwa zezona zibalulekileyo iilebhile zokhuseleko. Ezi lebhile zimele ukuzichaza komenzi ukuba iimveliso zakhe zithobela yonke imimiselo efanelekileyo.
EUnited States, i-UL (Underwriters Laboratories) ngowona mbutho wabucala mkhulu wehlabathi wovavanyo lokhuseleko kunye nokuchongwa. Izimele, ayinangeniso, kwaye ibeka imigangatho yokhuseleko loluntu. Esi sisiqinisekiso sokuzithandela, asikho isinyanzelo. Isatifikethi se-UL sinokuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nokuqatshelwa okuphezulu kwihlabathi. Abanye abathengi abanolwazi oluluqilima ngokhuseleko lwemveliso baya kuhlawula ingqwalasela eyodwa ukuba ingaba imveliso inaso na isatifikethi se-UL.
Imigangatho malunga nombane:
Ngokuphathelele ukhuseleko lombane lwezibane zedesksi, ilizwe ngalinye linemimiselo yalo. Eyona idumileyo yi-EU LVD Low Voltage Directive, ejolise ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwezibane zedesika xa zisetyenziswa. Oku kukwasekelwe kwimigangatho yobugcisa ye-IEC.
Ngokumalunga nemigangatho esezantsi yokufiphala:
"I-Low flicker" ibhekisa ekunciphiseni umthwalo obangelwa kukuqhwanyaza kwamehlo. I-Strobe kukutshintsha kokukhanya phakathi kwemibala eyahlukeneyo kunye nokuqaqamba ngokuhamba kwexesha. Enyanisweni, ezinye izinto ezikhanyayo, ezifana nezibane zemoto yamapolisa nokucima kwezibane, zinokuqondwa ngokucacileyo kuthi; kodwa eneneni, izibane zedesika ziyafinyaza ngokungenakuthintelwa, ngumbandela nje wokuba umsebenzisi unokuziva na. Ukwenzakala okunokwenzeka okubangelwa kukukhanya okuphezulu okubandakanya: ukuxhuzula kwefoto-photosensitive, intloko ebuhlungu kunye nesicaphucaphu, ukudinwa kwamehlo, njl.
Ngokutsho kwe-Intanethi, i-flicker inokuvavanywa ngekhamera yefowuni ephathwayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwengxelo ye-Beijing yeSizwe soMbane woMbane woMgangatho woMgangatho woMgangatho kunye neZiko lokuHlola, ikhamera yefowuni ephathwayo ayikwazi ukuvavanya i-flicker / stroboscopic yeemveliso ze-LED. Le ndlela ayiyonzululwazi.
Ke ngoko, kungcono ukubhekisa kumgangatho wehlabathi jikelele we-IEEE PAR 1789 low-flicker certification. Izibane zedesika eziphantsi-flicker ezidlula umgangatho we-IEEE PAR 1789 zezona zilungileyo. Kukho izibonakaliso ezibini zokuvavanya i-strobe: Ipesenti ye-Flicker (umlinganiselo we-flicker, ixabiso eliphantsi, elingcono) kunye ne-Frequency (izinga le-flicker, ixabiso eliphezulu, lingcono, liqondwa lula ngeliso lomntu). IEEE PAR 1789 ineseti yeefomyula zokubala rhoqo. Ingaba i-flash ibangela ingozi, kuchazwa ukuba ukukhanya okuphumayo kudlula i-3125Hz, kwinqanaba elingenabungozi, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokubona umlinganiselo we-flash.
(Esona sibane silinganisiweyo sisezantsi-stroboscopic kwaye asinabungozi. Kuvela ibala elimnyama kulo mfanekiso ungasentla, nto leyo ethetha ukuba nangona isibane singenayo ingozi edanyazayo, sikufutshane noluhlu oluyingozi. Kumfanekiso ongezantsi, akukho mabala amnyama abonakalayo abonakalayo. konke, okuthetha ukuba isibane singaphakathi ngokupheleleyo kuluhlu olukhuselekileyo lwe-strobe.
Isiqinisekiso malunga neengozi zokukhanya okuluhlaza
Ngokuphuhliswa kwee-LED, umba weengozi zokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ufumene ingqwalasela eyongeziweyo. Kukho imigangatho emibini efanelekileyo: IEC/EN 62471 kunye ne-IEC/TR 62778. I-IEC/EN 62471 yeManyano yaseYurophu luludwe olubanzi lovavanyo lwengozi yokusasazeka ngemitha kwaye ikwayimfuno esisiseko yesibane sedesika esifanelekileyo. I-International Electrotechnical Commission ye-IEC/TR 62778 igxile kuvavanyo lwengozi yokukhanya okuluhlaza kwezibane kwaye yahlulahlulwe iingozi zokukhanya okuluhlaza zibe ngamaqela amane ukusuka kwi-RG0 ukuya kwi-RG3:
I-RG0 - Akukho mngcipheko we-photobiohazard xa ixesha lokuvezwa kwe-retinal lidlula imizuzwana eyi-10,000, kwaye akukho mbhalo uyimfuneko.
RG1- Akucebisekanga ukujonga ngokuthe ngqo kumthombo wokukhanya ixesha elide, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 ~ 10,000 imizuzwana. Akukho kuphawulwa kuyimfuneko.
I-RG2-Ayifanelekanga ukujonga ngokuthe ngqo kumthombo wokukhanya, ubuninzi be-0.25 ~ 100 imizuzwana. Izilumkiso zesilumkiso kufuneka ziphawulwe.
I-RG3-Ukujonga ngqo kumthombo wokukhanya nokuba ngokufutshane (<0.25 imizuzwana) kuyingozi kwaye isilumkiso kufuneka siboniswe.
Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uthenge izibane zedesika ezithobela zombini i-IEC/TR 62778-free-free and IEC/EN 62471.
Ileyibhile malunga nokhuseleko lwezinto eziphathekayo
Ukhuseleko lwezixhobo zesibane sedesika lubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba izinto zokwenza izinto zineentsimbi ezinzima ezifana nelothe, i-cadmium, kunye ne-mercury, ziya kubangela ukwenzakala kumzimba womntu. Igama elipheleleyo le-EU RoHS (2002/95/EC) yi "Directive on the Prohibition and Restriction of Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Products". Ikhusela impilo yabantu ngokukhawulelana nezinto eziyingozi kwiimveliso kwaye iqinisekisa ukulahlwa ngokufanelekileyo kwenkunkuma ukukhusela okusingqongileyo. . Kucetyiswa ukuba uthenge izibane zedeski ezigqithisa lo myalelo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokucoceka kwezinto.
Imigangatho kwimitha ye-electromagnetic
Imimandla ye-Electromagnetic (EMF) inokubangela ukuba nesiyezi, ukuhlanza, i-leukemia yabantwana, izicubu zengqondo ezinobungozi kunye nezinye izifo emzimbeni womntu, ezichaphazela kakhulu impilo. Ngoko ke, ukwenzela ukukhusela intloko yomntu kunye ne-torso evezwe kwisibane, izibane ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-EU kufuneka zihlolwe ngokunyanzeliswayo kuvavanyo lwe-EMF kwaye kufuneka zihambelane ne-EN 62493 ehambelanayo.
Uphawu lwesatifikethi samazwe ngamazwe lolona qinisekiso lungcono. Nokuba zingaphi izibhengezo ezikhuthaza imisebenzi yemveliso, ayinakuthelekiswa nokuthembeka kunye namanqaku esiqinisekiso esisemthethweni. Ke ngoko, khetha iimveliso ezinamanqaku esiqinisekiso samazwe ngamazwe ukuthintela ukukhohliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa ngendlela engafanelekanga. Uxolo oluninzi lwengqondo kunye nempilo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-14-2024