Nokuba uyi-SQE okanye uyathenga, nokuba ungumphathi okanye uyinjineli, kwimisebenzi yolawulo lwekhonkco lonikezelo lweshishini, uya kuya kumzi-mveliso ukuze uhlolwe okanye ufumane uhlolo kwabanye.
Ngoko yintoni injongo yokuhlolwa komzi-mveliso? Inkqubo yokuhlolwa kwefektri kunye nendlela yokuphumeza injongo yokuhlolwa kwefektri? Yeyiphi imigibe eqhelekileyo eya kusilahlekisa ekugwetyweni kweziphumo zokuhlolwa kwefektri, ukwenzela ukuba sazise abavelisi abangafezekisiyo ifilosofi yoshishino lwenkampani kunye neemfuno zolawulo kwinkqubo yokubonelela ngempahla yenkampani?
2. Inkqubo yokuhlolwa komzi-mveliso kunye nomzi-mveliso unokuhlolwa njani ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo yokuhlolwa komzi-mveliso?
1. Yintoni injongo yokuhlolwa komzi-mveliso?
Omnye wabathengi (abathengi) unethemba lokuqonda ngcono ababoneleli abanokubakho ngokuhlolwa kwefektri, bafumane ulwazi oluthile malunga nezakhono zoshishino, isikali sokuvelisa, ulawulo lomgangatho, umgangatho wobugcisa, ubudlelwane bomsebenzi kunye noxanduva lwentlalo, njl., kwaye uthelekise olu lwazi kunye neyakhe Umda wokungena womthengisi ulinganisiwe kwaye uvandlakanywe ngokubanzi, kwaye ukhetho lwenziwa ngokweziphumo zovavanyo. Ingxelo yokuhlolwa kwefektri ibonelela ngesiseko kubathengi ukuba bagwebe ukuba umthengisi angasebenzisana na ixesha elide.
Uhlolo lwesibini lwefektri lunokunceda abathengi (abathengi) bagcine isidima esihle kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Kuhlala kubonwa ukuba amanye amajelo eendaba angaphandle abhentsisa ukusetyenziswa kwabantwana, ukusebenza entolongweni okanye ukuxhatshazwa ngokunzulu ngumsebenzi odumileyo, (njenge-Apple's sweatshop eVietnam). Ngenxa yoko, ezi mpawu azizange zihlupheke kuphela izohlwayo ezinkulu, kodwa kunye nemigudu edibeneyo evela kubathengi. xhathisa.
Namhlanje, ukuhlolwa kwefektri akuyiyo kuphela iimfuno zenkampani yokuthenga ngokwayo, kodwa kunye nomlinganiselo oyimfuneko phantsi kwemithetho yaseYurophu nase-United States.
Ewe, ezi ngcaciso zibhalwe kancinci kakhulu. Enyanisweni, injongo yoninzi lwethu lokuya kumzi-mveliso ilula kweli nqanaba. Okokuqala, kufuneka sibone enoba ukho umzi-mveliso; okwesibini, kufuneka sibone ukuba imeko yokwenyani yomzi-mveliso inxulumene nezinto zokuthengisa kunye neshishini. Abasebenzi batsho kakuhle.
2. Inkqubo yokuhlolwa komzi-mveliso kunye nomzi-mveliso unokuhlolwa njani ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo yokuhlolwa komzi-mveliso?
1. Unxibelelwano phakathi kwabathengi kunye nababoneleli
Cacisa kwangaphambili ixesha lokuhlolwa komzi-mveliso, ukwakhiwa kwabasebenzi, nezinto ezifuna intsebenziswano yomzi-mveliso ebudeni benkqubo yokuhlola umzi-mveliso.
Abanye abantu abaqhelekileyo bafuna umzi-mveliso ukubonelela ngolwazi lwabo olusisiseko phambi kokuhlolwa kwefektri, njengelayisenisi yeshishini, ukubhaliswa kwerhafu, ukuvula i-akhawunti yebhanki, njl.
Ngokomzekelo, ndandidla ngokusebenza kumzi-mveliso oxhaswa ngemali yiTaiwan, yaye uSony weza kwinkampani yethu eze kuhlola umzi-mveliso. Ngaphambi kokuba kuhlolwe umzi-mveliso, bakhupha ingxelo yokuhlolwa komzi-mveliso wabo. Umxholo uneenkcukacha kakhulu. Kukho amakhulu eeprojekthi ezincinci. Imveliso yenkampani, ukuthengisa, ubunjineli, umgangatho, indawo yokugcina impahla, abasebenzi kunye namanye amakhonkco anezinto zokuphonononga ezihambelanayo.
2. Intlanganiso yokuqala yokuhlolwa komzi-mveliso
Intshayelelo emfutshane kumaqela omabini. Lungiselela abakhaphi kunye neshedyuli yokuhlola umzi-mveliso. Le yinkqubo efanayo nophononongo lwe-ISO
3. Uphononongo lwenkqubo yoxwebhu
Ingaba inkqubo yoxwebhu lwenkampani igqityiwe. Umzekelo, ukuba inkampani inesebe lokuthenga, ngaba kukho uxwebhu malunga nemisebenzi yokuthenga? Umzekelo, ukuba inkampani inoyilo kunye nophuhliso, ngaba kukho inkqubo yoxwebhu ukwenza amaxwebhu enkqubo yoyilo kunye nemisebenzi yophuhliso? Ukuba akukho fayile ibalulekileyo, yeyona nto ilahlekileyo.
4. Uphononongo kwisiza
Ubukhulu becala ukuya kwindawo yesiganeko ukubona, ezifana workshop, warehouse 5S, izixhobo zokukhusela umlilo, ukuchongwa kwempahla eyingozi, ukuchongwa izinto, isicwangciso umgangatho kunye nokunye. Umzekelo, ingaba ifomu yogcino lomatshini izaliswe ngokunyanisekileyo. Ngaba kukho nabani na osayinileyo njl.
5. Udliwano-ndlebe lwabasebenzi, udliwano-ndlebe lwabaphathi
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zodliwano-ndlebe nabasebenzi kunokukhethwa ngokungenamkhethe kuluhlu lwenkampani, okanye kunokukhethwa ngokuthanda kwabo, njengokukhetha ngabom abasebenzi abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-16 ukuya kweli-18 ubudala, okanye abo amanani abo emisebenzi abhalwe ngabaphicothi-zincwadi ngexesha loku- Ukuhlolwa kwendawo Umsebenzi.
Umxholo wodliwano-ndlebe ngokusisiseko unxulumene nomvuzo, iiyure zokusebenza kunye nendawo yokusebenza. Ukuze kukhuselwe amalungelo nezilangazelelo zabasebenzi, inkqubo yodliwano-ndlebe igcinwa iyimfihlo engqongqo ngumzi-mveliso, akukho basebenzi bolawulo lomzi-mveliso abavumelekanga ukuba babekho, yaye abavumelekanga ukuba bahlale kwindawo ekufutshane negumbi lodliwano-ndlebe.
Ukuba awukayiqondi imibuzo ethile ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwefektri, unokunxibelelana nabaphathi benkampani kwakhona ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngale meko.
6. Intlanganiso yesishwankathelo
Uncedo kunye nokungangqinelani okubonwa ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwefektri kushwankathelwa. Esi sishwankathelo siya kuqinisekiswa kwaye sisayinwe ngumzi-mveliso ngoko nangoko ngencwadi ebhaliweyo. Izinto ezingangqinelaniyo kufuneka zitshintshwe, ziphuculwe nini, ngubani na oya kuzigqiba, yaye enye ingcaciso iya kuthunyelwa kumhloli womzi-mveliso ukuze ingqinwe ngexesha elithile. Ukuba nokwenzeka kokuhlolwa kwefektri yesibini neyesithathu akuthintelwa.
Inkqubo yokuhlolwa kwefektri yabathengi ngokusisiseko iyafana naleyo yokuhlolwa kwefektri ye-ISO, kodwa kukho umahluko. I-ISO yokuphicotha umzi-mveliso kukuhlawulisa imali yenkampani, ukunceda inkampani ifumane iintsilelo kunye nokuphucula iziphene kwaye ekugqibeleni ihlangabezane neemfuno.
Xa abathengi beza kuphicotha umzi-mveliso, bajonga ikakhulu ukuba inkampani iyahlangabezana na neemfuno zabo nokuba ukufanele na ukuba ngumboneleli wabo ofanelekileyo. Akakuhlawulisi mali, ngoko kungqongqo kunophicotho lwe-ISO.
3.Ewona mava okulwa ashwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1. Amaxwebhu anamafu
Ngokusisiseko, awudingi ukujonga iifayile zenkqubo ezininzi kakhulu. Iifayile zenkqubo zilula kakhulu ukwenza. Ungadlula i-ISO factory. Ngokusisiseko akukho ngxaki kulo mba. Njengomhloli, khumbula ukufunda amaxwebhu amancinci kunye neerekhodi ezininzi. Jonga ukuba bayawalandela na amaxwebhu.
2. Irekhodi enye ayinantsingiselo
Ukuphononongwa ngomsonto. Umzekelo, ngaba ubuza isebe lokuthenga ukuba kukho uluhlu lwababoneleli abafanelekileyo? Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ubuza isebe lokucwangcisa ukuba kukho ishedyuli yokuvelisa, umzekelo, ukuba ubuza isebe lezoshishino ukuba kukho ukuhlaziywa komyalelo?
Umzekelo, ngaba ubuza isebe lomgangatho ukuba kukho naluphi na uhlolo olungenayo? Ukuba baceliwe ukuba bafumane ezi mathiriyeli zomntu ngamnye, banokuzibonelela ngokuqinisekileyo. Ukuba abanakuzibonelela, loo mzi-mveliso awusayi kufuna ukujongwa kwakhona. Hamba nje ugoduke uyolala ukuze ufumane enye.
Ifanele igwetywe njani? Ilula kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, umyalelo womthengi ukhethwe ngokungenamkhethe, isebe lezoshishino lifuneka ukuba linike ingxelo yokuphononongwa kwalo myalelo, isebe lokucwangcisa lifuneka ukuba linike isicwangciso sezinto eziphathekayo ezihambelana nalo myalelo, kwaye isebe lokuthenga lifuneka ukuba libonelele ngokuthenga. umyalelo ohambelana nalo myalelo, Cela isebe lokuthenga ukuba libonelele ukuba ngaba abavelisi kwezi odolo zokuthenga bakuluhlu lwababoneleli abaqeqeshiweyo, cela isebe lomgangatho ukuba linike ingxelo yokuhlola engenayo yezi zinto, cela isebe lobunjineli ukuba unikeze i-SOP ehambelanayo, kwaye ucele isebe lemveliso ukuba linike ingxelo yemihla ngemihla yemveliso ehambelana nesicwangciso semveliso, njl. Linda.
Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana naziphi na iingxaki emva kokujonga yonke indlela, oko kuthetha ukuba loo mzi-mveliso uthembekile.
3. Uphononongo lwendawo yindawo ephambili, kwaye eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ngaba kukho izixhobo zokuhlola izixhobo zokuvelisa eziphambili.
Amaxwebhu anokubhalwa kakuhle ngabantu abaliqela, kodwa akukho lula ukukopela kwindawo leyo. Ingakumbi iindawo ezifileyo. Ezifana nezindlu zangasese, ezifana nezitebhisi, ezifana nemvelaphi yomzekelo kumatshini kunye nezixhobo, njl. Ukuhlolwa okungachazwanga kusebenza ngcono.
4. Udliwano-ndlebe lwabasebenzi, udliwano-ndlebe lwabaphathi
Udliwano-ndlebe nabaphathi lunokufumana iimpendulo kwiimpendulo zabo. Udliwano-ndlebe nabasebenzi lumalunga nokuphulaphula kunokubuza. Umhloli akafuni inkampani yomzi-mveliso ukuba ikukhaphe. Kusebenza ngakumbi ukuya kwindawo yokutyela yabasebenzi kwaye ukhethe indawo yokutya kunye nabasebenzi kwaye uncokole nje ngokukhululekileyo kunokuba ucele usuku.
4. Yiyiphi imigibe eqhelekileyo eya kulahlekisa isigwebo sethu kwiziphumo zokuhlolwa komzi-mveliso:
1. Inkunzi ebhalisiweyo.
Abahlobo abaninzi bacinga ukuba imali eninzi ebhalisiweyo ithetha ukuba umzi-mveliso unamandla. Enyanisweni, akunjalo. Ingaba kukho i-100w okanye i-1000w e-China, inkampani ene-capital ebhalisiweyo ye-100w okanye i-1000w ingabhaliswa e-China, kodwa kuyimfuneko kuphela ukuchitha imali eninzi kwinkampani ebhaliswe yi-arhente. Akukho mfuneko yokuba akhuphe i-100w okanye i-1000w ukuze abhalise konke konke.
2. Iziphumo zokuphononongwa komntu wesithathu, njengokuphononongwa kwe-ISO, uphononongo lwe-QS.
Kulula kakhulu ukufumana isatifikethi se-ISO e-China ngoku, kwaye ungathenga enye emva kokuchitha i-1-2w. Ke ukunyaniseka, andivumi ngenene eso isatifikethi se-iso esitshiphu.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho kwakhona iqhinga elincinci apha. Ubukhulu besatifikethi se-ISO somzi-mveliso, kokukhona siluncedo ngakumbi, kuba abaphicothi-zincwadi be-ISO abafuni ukuyophula ezabo iimpawu. Ngokusisiseko banokuthengisa izatifikethi ze-iso.
Kukwakho nezatifikethi zesatifikethi se-ISO zeenkampani zezatifikethi ezaziwayo kumazwe ngamazwe, njenge-CQC yaseTshayina, iSaibao, kunye neTUV yaseJamani.
3. Inkqubo yefayile egqibeleleyo.
Amaxwebhu abhalwe kakuhle kakhulu kwaye ukuphunyezwa kuyanyaza. Kwanefayile kunye nokusebenza kwangempela zizinto ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Kwezinye iifektri, ukwenzela ukujamelana nokuphononongwa, kukho abantu abakhethekileyo abenza iifayile ze-ISO, kodwa akukho mntu uyazi ukuba bangakanani aba bantu abahlala eofisini kwaye babhale iifayile bayazi malunga nokusebenza kwangempela kwenkampani.
4. Masiqonde ukuhlelwa kunye neendlela zokuhlolwa kwefektri yeenkampani zaseYurophu nezaseMelika:
Uphicotho lwefektri yeenkampani zaseYurophu nezaseMelika zihlala zilandela imigangatho ethile, kwaye iinkampani ngokwazo okanye amaziko agunyazisiweyo ophicotho lweqela lesithathu enza uphicotho kunye novavanyo kubaboneleli.
Iinkampani ezahlukeneyo zinemigangatho yophicotho eyahlukeneyo yeeprojekthi ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke ukuhlolwa kwefektri akuyona indlela yokuziphatha eqhelekileyo, kodwa ububanzi bemigangatho eyamkelweyo iyahluka ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Kanye njengeebhloko zeLego, imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokuhlolwa kwefektri iyakhiwa.
La macandelo angohlulwa ngokubanzi abe ngamacandelo amane: uphicotho lwamalungelo oluntu, uphicotho oluchasene nobunqolobi, uphicotho lomgangatho, kunye nophicotho lwemekobume, lwezempilo nokhuseleko.
Udidi lokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwamalungelo oluntu
Ngokusemthethweni olwaziwa njengophicotho loxanduva loluntu, uphicotho loxanduva loluntu, uvavanyo lwefektri yoxanduva loluntu njalo njalo. Yahlulahlulwe kwakhona ibe yisatifikethi somgangatho woxanduva loluntu (esifana ne-SA8000, ICTI, BSCI, WRAP, isatifikethi seSMETA, njl.njl.) kunye nophicotho lwecala lomxhasi (olwaziwa ngokuba luhlolo lweCOC kwifektri efana ne-WAL-MART, DISNEY, Carrefour ukuhlolwa kwefektri, njl.).
Olu "phicotho lwasefektri" luphunyezwa ikakhulu ngeendlela ezimbini.
1. ISiqinisekiso soMgangatho woXanduva loLuntu lweNtlalo
Isiqinisekiso somgangatho woxanduva lwentlalontle sibhekiselele kumsebenzi apho umqambi wenkqubo yoxanduva lwentlalo yoluntu egunyazisa imibutho engathathi ntweni yomntu wesithathu ukuba iphonononge ukuba ngaba amashishini afaka isicelo sokuphumelela umgangatho othile anokufikelela kwimigangatho echaziweyo.
Ngumthengi ofuna ukuba amashishini aseTshayina aphumelele isiqinisekiso esithile sehlabathi, sommandla okanye soshishino "soxanduva loluntu" kwaye afumane izatifikethi zesiqinisekiso njengesiseko sokuthenga okanye sokubeka iiodolo.
Loo migangatho ikakhulu ibandakanya i-SA8000, i-ICTI, i-EICC, i-WRAP, i-BSCI, i-ICS, i-SMETA, njl.
2. Uphicotho olusemgangathweni lwecala lomThengi (Umgaqo wokuziphatha)
Ngaphambi kokuthenga iimveliso okanye ukubeka ii-odolo zemveliso, iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zihlola ngokuthe ngqo ukuphunyezwa koxanduva lwentlalo yoluntu, ngokukodwa imigangatho yabasebenzi, yamashishini aseTshayina ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yoxanduva lwentlalo eyenziwe ziinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe, ezibizwa ngokuba yimigaqo yokuziphatha yenkampani.
Ngokubanzi, iinkampani ezinkulu neziphakathi zamazwe ngamazwe zineendlela zazo zokuziphatha, ezifana neWal-Mart, Disney, Nike, Carrefour, BROWNSHOE, PAYLESSS HOESOURCE, VIEWPOINT, Macy kunye namanye amazwe aseYurophu naseMelika. Iinkampani zeqela kwimpahla, izihlangu, iimfuno zemihla ngemihla, ukuthengisa kunye namanye amashishini. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba bubungqina beqela lesibini.
Umxholo wezo zombini iziqinisekiso usekelwe kwimigangatho yemisebenzi yamazwe ngamazwe, efuna ababoneleli ukuba bathathe izibophelelo ezithile ngokwemigangatho yabasebenzi kunye neemeko zokuphila zabasebenzi.
Xa kuthelekiswa, isatifikethi somntu wesibini sivele ngaphambili kwaye sineempembelelo ezinkulu kunye nefuthe, ngelixa imigangatho kunye nokuphononongwa kwesatifikethi somntu wesithathu kubanzi ngakumbi.
Udidi lwesibini, ukuhlolwa kwefektri yokulwa nobunqolobi
Enye yemilinganiselo yokujongana nemisebenzi yobuphekula evele emva kwesiganeko se-9 / 11 e-United States kwi-2001. Kukho iindlela ezimbini ze-C-TPAT kunye ne-GSV eqinisekisiweyo. Okwangoku, eyona nto yamkelwe ngokubanzi ngabathengi sisiqinisekiso se-GSV esikhutshwe yi-ITS.
1. C-TPAT Anti-Terrorism
I-Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) ijolise ukusebenzisana namashishini afanelekileyo ukuseka inkqubo yolawulo lokhuseleko lokubonelela ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezothutho, ulwazi lokhuseleko kunye neemeko zomthwalo ukusuka kwimvelaphi ukuya kwindawo yokubonelela. ukujikeleza, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwa ukungena kwabanqolobi.
2. GSV anti-ubunqolobi
I-Global Security Verification (GSV) yinkqubo yenkonzo yeshishini ehamba phambili kumazwe ngamazwe ebonelela ngenkxaso yophuhliso kunye nokuphunyezwa kwezicwangciso zokhuseleko lokubonelela ngehlabathi jikelele, ezibandakanya ukhuseleko lwefektri, iindawo zokugcina iimpahla, ukupakishwa, ukulayishwa kunye nokuthunyelwa kunye nokunye.
Injongo yenkqubo ye-GSV kukusebenzisana nabanikezeli behlabathi kunye nabathumeli kumazwe angaphandle ukukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwehlabathi, ukunceda onke amalungu omeleze uqinisekiso lokhuseleko kunye nokulawulwa komngcipheko, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwekhonkco lokubonelela, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.
I-C-TPAT / GSV ifaneleka ngokukodwa kubavelisi kunye nabanikezeli abathumela ngaphandle kuwo onke amashishini kwiimarike zase-US, kwaye banokungena e-US ngokusebenzisa umzila okhawulezayo, ukunciphisa amakhonkco okuhlola amasiko; Ukwandisa ukhuseleko lweemveliso ukusuka ekuqaleni kwemveliso ukuya kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo, ukunciphisa ilahleko kwaye uphumelele abathengisi abaninzi baseMelika.
Udidi lwesithathu, uphicotho lomgangatho
Ekwaziwa njengophicotho lomgangatho okanye uvavanyo lwamandla emveliso, ibhekisa kuphicotho lwefektri olusekwe kwimigangatho yomgangatho womthengi othile. Imigangatho yayo kaninzi ayi "imigangatho jikelele", eyahlukileyo kwi-ISO9001 inkqubo yesatifikethi.
Xa kuthelekiswa nophicotho loxanduva loluntu kunye nophicotho oluchasene nobunqolobi, uphicotho lomgangatho aluxhaphakanga. Kwaye ubunzima bophicotho-zincwadi bukwangaphantsi kunophicotho loxanduva loluntu. Thatha iWalmart's FCCA njengomzekelo.
Igama elipheleleyo le-Wal-mart yophicotho-zincwadi olusandula ukuphehlelelwa kwi-FCCA yefektri yile: UkuXhotyiswa kweFactory & Capacity Assessment, esisisiphumo somzi-mveliso kunye novavanyo lwamandla. Kubandakanya le miba ilandelayo:
1. IZibonelelo zefektri kunye nokusiNgqongileyo
2. Ukulungiswa komatshini kunye noLondolozo
3. Inkqubo yoLawulo loMgangatho
4. Ukulawulwa kwezinto ezingenayo
5. Inkqubo kunye noLawulo lweMveliso
6. In-House Lab-Uvavanyo
7. Ukuhlolwa kokugqibela
Inqanaba lesine, uphicotho lwezempilo nokukhuseleka kokusingqongileyo
Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, impilo kunye nokhuseleko, isishunqulelo sesiNgesi EHS. Njengoko uluntu luphela lunika ingqwalasela ngakumbi nangakumbi kwimiba yempilo nokukhuseleka kokusingqongileyo, ulawulo lwe-EHS lutshintshile ukusuka kumsebenzi oncedisayo kuphela wolawulo lwamashishini ukuya kwinxalenye eyimfuneko yokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwamashishini.
Iinkampani ngoku ezifuna uphicotho lwe-EHS ziquka: uMbane ngokuBanzi, iMifanekiso yeUniversal, iNike, njl.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-07-2022