Ukusukela ekuqaleni kukaMatshi kulo nyaka, bekukho iingxabano ezinobundlobongela kumazwe aseMpuma Yurophu, kwaye amashishini asekhaya aye ajongana neenguqu ezintsonkothileyo ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili kunye nefuthe elidityanisiweyo lobhubhani ophindaphindiweyo. Utshintsho oluninzi lwenzekile kwikhonkco lokubonelela kunye nemfuno, kwaye ezinye iinkampani zasekhaya ziye zafumana umngcipheko omkhulu kunye nelahleko kwishishini labo kumazwe aseMpuma Yurophu. Ngokudityaniswa nokuqhambuka okuphindaphindiweyo kwesibetho esitsha sesithsaba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, uninzi lwabasebenzi beshishini abakwazi ukwenza utshintshiselwano oluqhelekileyo lwasekhaya kunye nezangaphandle, ukuhanjiswa kwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuhanjiswa okucacileyo kunye nezinye iindleko zeshishini ziyanyuka kunye nokulibaziseka kwezothutho, kwaye abathengisi baphesheya abakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi. ezinjengokuhlolwa kweefektri, ukuhlolwa, kunye neesampulu, njl. njl. , amashishini ahlangabezane nemiqobo engakumbi kunye nobunzima ekuphuhliseni imarike yamazwe ngamazwe.
Njengoko imeko yamazwe ngamazwe iziswe yingxabano yaseRashiya ne-Ukraine iya isiba nzima, kusenokubakho amathuba okushishina kwiinkampani zasekhaya.
1. Utshintsho kwimeko yonikezelo lwamazwe ngamazwe
1. Ukususela kwingxabano phakathi kwamazwe aseMpuma Yurophu, abanye abathengi baseCentral Asia naseYurophu abaye bathenga iimpahla eRashiya, eUkraine nakwezinye iindawo baye baqala ukujika eChina nakwamanye amazwe ukufumana imithombo yempahla. Umzekelo, abathengi baseYurophu kunye nabanye abathengi abathenge izichumisi kunye ne-chassis yemoto evela eRussia ngoku sele beqalisile ukukhangela abathengisi baseTshayina.
2. Ngokufanayo, ngenxa yokuba iRashiya, iBelarus kunye namanye amazwe aphantsi kohlwayo olubanzi lwezemali, iteknoloji kunye norhwebo ngamazwe aseNtshona, amanye amatyathanga okubonelela ngempahla eRashiya, eBelarus nakwamanye amazwe aphazamisekile, kwaye imithombo emitsha yokubonelela ifuneka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ezi mfuno ziya kunikwa amashishini asekhaya. Zisa amathuba amatsha oshishino. Ngokomzekelo, inani elikhulu leemoto eRashiya yi-BMW, i-Mercedes-Benz, iVolkswagen, i-Peugeot, njl. ezenziwe eYurophu, kwaye ukunikezelwa kwezixhobo ezi zixhobo zichaphazelekayo okwangoku.
3. Urhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseRashiya lulonke ngo-2020 lwaluyi-571.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, phantsi kwe-15.2% ukusuka kwi-2019, apho ixabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle laliyi-US $ 338.2 yezigidigidi, phantsi kwe-20.7% ngonyaka; ixabiso lokungenisa laliyi-US$233.7 yeebhiliyoni, phantsi nge-5.7% unyaka nonyaka. Iimveliso zoomatshini kunye nombane, iimveliso zeekhemikhali, izixhobo zothutho kunye nezinye iintlobo ezintathu zeemveliso zezona mveliso zithunyelwa ngaphandle eRashiya, zibalelwa malunga ne-56% yezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zaseRashiya. IJamani, iUnited States, iPoland, kunye neJapan ngamazwe aphambili athumela iimveliso eRashiya. Ngokukodwa, iinkampani zaseJamani zezona zikhuphisana kakhulu neenkampani zaseTshayina ekuthumeleni izixhobo zoomatshini kunye nezombane, iimveliso ezilula zamashishini, iiplastiki kunye nerabha, iiwotshi zamehlo kunye nezixhobo zonyango eRashiya.
Emva kwengxabano yaseRussia-Ukraine, kunye nesohlwayo kunye nokuvalwa kweRashiya ngamazwe aseNtshona, inani elikhulu leenkampani zaseNtshona ziye zarhoxa eRashiya. Okwangoku, iIndiya, iTurkey, iVietnam kunye namanye amazwe alungiselela kwaye akhawulezisa ukwenza ukurhoxa kweenkampani zaseNtshona kwimarike yaseRussia. isithuba.
4. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu iRashiya ingenisa kwamanye amazwe imveliso yomatshini kunye nombane. Ngo-2018, iRashiya yangenisa iimveliso zoomatshini kunye nombane we-73.42 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US, apho iimveliso zoomatshini kunye nezombane ezivela e-China zazingama-26.45 eebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, zibalelwa kwi-50.7% yokungeniswa kweRashiya evela e-China, echaza ukungeniswa kwe-Russia kwezixhobo zoomatshini nezombane. . I-36% yetotali, ngoko ke isabelo semarike sinokuqikelelwa, iimveliso zelizwe lam kunye neemveliso zombane ezithunyelwa kwimarike yaseRashiya zisenegumbi elikhulu lokukhula.
2021-2022 iRashiya yoPhuculo lweDatha yokungenisa kwi-Electromechanical Equipment
Ukususela ngoJanuwari 2021 ukuya kuJanuwari 2022, kunyaka odlulileyo, phantsi kwekhowudi ye-84, iRashiya yangenisa iimveliso ezinxulumene nazo ezivela kumazwe angama-148 kunye nemimandla. Phakathi kwazo, i-China lelona lizwe likhulu laseRussia elivela kumazwe angaphandle.
Ngo-2021, ukuthunyelwa kwe-China yeemveliso zoomatshini kunye nombane eRashiya kuya kuba yi-268.45 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ukwanda kwe-32.5%, kubalelwa kwi-61.5% yexabiso lilonke lokuthunyelwa kwe-China eRashiya ngaloo nyaka, ukunyuka kwe-3.6 yeepesenti ngaphezu konyaka odlulileyo. . Phakathi kwabo, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle koomatshini jikelele kunye nezixhobo, iinxalenye zemoto kunye neemoto zikhule ngokukhawuleza, zanda nge-82%, 37.8% kunye ne-165% ngokulandelanayo.
5. Imveliso elandelayo ebalulekileyo ethunyelwa ngaphandle yiRashiya yimveliso yeekhemikhali. Ngo-2018, iRashiya yangenisa ngaphandle i-29.81 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika zeemveliso zemichiza.
I-2021-2022 yaseRashiya yeeMveliso zeMchiza zokungenisa uHlahlelo lweDatha
Ukususela kwi-2021.1 ukuya kwi-2022.1, kunyaka odlulileyo, phantsi kwekhowudi ye-29, iRashiya ingenise iimveliso ezinxulumene nazo ezivela kumazwe angama-89 kunye nemimandla. Phakathi kwazo, i-China lelona lizwe likhulu laseRussia elivela kumazwe angaphandle
6. Impahla yesithathu engeniswe yiRashiya zixhobo zokuthutha. Ngo-2018, iRashiya yangenisa izixhobo zokuthutha ezimalunga ne-25.63 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika. Kwizinto zothutho zaseRashiya ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, iimveliso ezivela eChina zibalelwa kwi-8.6%, eyayiphezulu kuneJapan kunye neJamani nge-7.8 kunye ne-6.6 yeepesenti.
2021-2022 eRashiya Uhlalutyo lwedatha yeSixhobo sokuThutha
Ukususela ngoJanuwari 2021 ukuya kuJanuwari 2022, kulo nyaka uphelileyo, phantsi kwekhowudi ye-89, iRashiya yangenisa iimveliso ezinxulumeneyo ezivela kumazwe angama-148 kunye nemimandla. Phakathi kwazo, iNorway lelona lizwe likhulu laseRashiya elingenisa izinto kumazwe angaphandle.
7. Ukongeza, ngo-2021, ukuthengiswa kweRashiya kwesiseko sesinyithi kunye neemveliso, iingubo kunye nezinto eziluhlaza, ifenitshala, iithoyi, iimveliso ezixubileyo, iiplastiki, irabha, izihlangu, iiambrela kunye nezinye iimveliso zoshishino ezikhanyayo, iiwotshi kunye nezixhobo zonyango kunye nezinye izinto eziphambili. ezisuka e-China ziya kuhlala kwakhona izabelo kwimarike ebalulekileyo, ebalwa 23.8%, 34.7%, 47.9%, 17.2%, 53.9% kunye 17.3% yorhwebo eRashiya iyonke yorhwebo efanayo. Ngo-2021, ukuthunyelwa kwe-China yeemveliso ezisebenza ngamandla njengempahla, izihlangu kunye nezinto zendlu eRashiya ziya kufikelela kwi-85.77 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ukwanda kwe-2.5%, kubalelwa kwi-19.7% ye-export yaseChina iyonke.
2020-2021 Uhlalutyo lweDatha yeMpahla yaBantwana yokuThumela ngaphandle
Ukususela ngo-Oktobha 2020 ukuya ku-Okthobha 2021, kulo nyaka uphelileyo, phantsi kwekhowudi ye-6111, amazwe ali-10 aphezulu kuluhlu lwangaphandle lwempahla yabantwana: i-United States, iJapan, i-Australia, iFransi, i-United Kingdom, iCanada, i-Itali, iJamani, iUnited Arab Emirates, eHong Kong, eChina, njl.
2020-2021 Impahla yaBantwana yaseRashiya eyi-10 ePhakamileyo
Ukususela ngo-Oktobha 2020 ukuya ku-Oktobha 2021, iinkampani ze-389 zaseRashiya zibandakanyeka ekungenisweni kwempahla yabantwana (HS6111). Le tshati ingentla luluhlu lwabarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle abali-10. Isixa sokungenisa elizweni malunga ne-670,000 yeedola zase-US. (Le datha ingentla kuphela idatha yesibhengezo esisemthethweni).
2020-2021 Uhlalutyo lwedatha yezihlangu zaseTshayina zokuthumela ngaphandle
2020-2021 Uhlalutyo lwamazwe aphezulu ali-10 ukusuka kwi-2020.10-2021.10, kulo nyaka uphelileyo, phantsi kweekhowudi ezingama-64, amazwe ali-10 aphezulu athumela ngaphandle kwezihlangu zezi: iUnited States, Japan, South Korea, Australia, France, United Kingdom, Canada, EJamani, eVietnam, eHong Kong, eTshayina, njl.
Ngo-2020-2021 abaThengi abaPhezulu abali-10 baseRashiya beeMveliso zezihlangu
Ukususela ngo-Oktobha 2020 ukuya ku-Oktobha 2021, iinkampani ze-2,000 zaseRashiya zibandakanyeka ekungenisweni kwezihlangu (HS64). Le tshati ingentla luluhlu lwabarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle abali-10. I-TOP 1 yi-ООО МЕРКУРИ МОДА, ixabiso lokungeniswa li malunga ne-4 yezigidigidi ze-ruble, kwaye i-TOP 10 yi-TEMA ООО ГЕОКС РУС, ixabiso lokungenisa li malunga ne-407 yezigidi ze-ruble. (Le datha ingentla kuphela idatha yesibhengezo esisemthethweni).
2020-2021 China Auto Parts Export Uhlalutyo lwedatha
Ukusukela ngo-Okthobha ka-2020 ukuya ku-Okthobha ka-2021, kulo nyaka uphelileyo, phantsi kwekhowudi ye-8708, zizonke iimpahla eziyi-114,864 zathunyelwa kumazwe angama-217 nakwimimandla yehlabathi.
Amazwe ali-10 aphezulu kuluhlu lokuthumela ngaphandle kwezincedisi ngala: iUnited States, Japan, Australia, Germany, South Korea, Mexico, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Russia, njl.
Ngo-2020-2021 abaThengi abaPhezulu abali-10 baseRashiya beeMveliso zezihlangu
Ukususela ngo-Oktobha 2020 ukuya ku-Oktobha 2021, kukho amashishini angaphezu kwe-2,000 eRashiya abandakanyeka ekungenisweni kweengxenye zemoto (HS8708). Le tshati ingentla luluhlu lwabarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle be-TOP10. Malunga nezigidi ezingama-289 zeeyuan. (Le datha ingentla kuphela idatha yesibhengezo esisemthethweni).
2020-2021 Russian Steel Product Import Data Uhlalutyo
Ukususela kwi-2021.1 ukuya kwi-2022.1, kunyaka odlulileyo, phantsi kwekhowudi ye-72, iRashiya iye yangenisa iimveliso ezihambelanayo ezivela kumazwe angama-70 kunye nemimandla, apho i-China yilizwe elikhulu laseRashiya elivela ngaphandle.
8. Ishishini leoli negesi yendalo, engumthombo obalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseRashiya, nalo liye lavunyelwa namazwe aseNtshona. I-Russia ngokuqinisekileyo iya kwandisa ukuthunyelwa kwe-oyile kunye negesi yendalo kumazwe asahlumayo kwinyathelo elilandelayo, kwaye iya kukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa kokuphononongwa kwe-oyile negesi, ukusetyenzwa, ukuthutha kunye nezinye izibonelelo. Izixhobo kunye netekhnoloji zikhulile ngokwentelekiso, kwaye amashishini asekhaya anokwandisa iinzame zawo zokukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwezixhobo kunye nobuchwepheshe obufana nokutsalwa kweoyile negesi, ukucokiswa, ukusetyenzwa, ukuthuthwa kunye nemibhobho.
9. Amayeza kunye neemveliso zezixhobo zonyango nazo zinamandla amakhulu emarike eRashiya naseBelarus. Phambi kongquzulwano, iRussia yangenisa amayeza amaninzi kunye nezixhobo zonyango zivela eNtshona, kwaye iRussia neUkraine nazo zathumela amayeza kuMbindi weAsia, eMpuma Yurophu nakwamanye amazwe. Emva kohlwayo lwaseNtshona, iRussia yakhulula okwethutyana ukhuseleko lwepropathi yobukrelekrele yamayeza aseNtshona kunye nezinye iimveliso, kwaye yenza lula ukupakishwa kunye neemfuno zoqinisekiso lwamayeza angeniswa kumazwe angaphandle kunye neemveliso zesixhobo zonyango. Imarike ibonelela ngamathuba angcono oshishino.
2. Iingcebiso kumashishini okuphuhlisa iimarike eRashiya, kuMbindi we-Asiya naseMpuma Yurophu:
1. Ukuchatshazelwa lutshintsho kwimeko yezizwe ngezizwe, amashishini asekhaya kufuneka enze kakuhle kwangaphambili isicwangciso sophuhliso, ingxowa yetalente, ulungiselelo lolungiselelo kunye nolwakhiwo lwehabhu yorhwebo, kunye nokwakhiwa kothungelwano lwentengiso kwiimarike zaseRashiya, kuMbindi Asia, naseMpuma Yurophu. 2. Sifanele sithathe inxaxheba ngamandla kwimiboniso kunye nemisebenzi yoshishino eRashiya, kuMbindi Asia nakwamanye amazwe, siqinise ngamandla uqhagamshelwano nabathengi baseRashiya, e-Asia Ephakathi, naseMpuma Yurophu, senze utshintshiselwano oluqhelekileyo lwezoshishino, kwaye sikhulise ngamandla kwaye sidlule kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla kunye nemiboniso. kule mimandla ingasentla. Imijelo kunye nezibonelelo ezifana neenkomfa, iiholo zemiboniso kunye neeprojekthi zolungiselelo kunye nokusabalalisa ziya kuphuhlisa iimarike ezikhankanywe ngasentla. 3. Kwamanye amashishini asekhaya avelisa iimveliso ezisetyenziswa kabini, ukuze kuthintelwe izohlwayo ezidibeneyo ezivela eUnited States kunye nezinye izigaba zamva, kufuneka bazame ukusebenzisa amazwe esithathu anjengoMbindi Asia kunye neMpuma Yurophu ukwenza urhwebo kunye neRussia kunye neBelarus. , kwaye ucinge ngokuqhuba ishishini kuMbindi Asia, eRashiya, naseMpuma Yurophu. Ukuveliswa, ukusetyenzwa kunye norhwebo lweemveliso ezinxulumeneyo. 4. Kufuneka sikhuthaze ngamandla amashishini anenzuzo yasekhaya ukuya kuMbindi Asia, eRashiya, naseMpuma Yurophu. Ezi mveliso azikho izinto eziyimfuneko kuphela, kodwa kunye nezinye izinto ezifunekayo ukuba iRashiya, iBelarus kunye namanye amazwe zifumane ngokukhawuleza emva kweengxabano kunye nezohlwayo, ezinje: iinxalenye zemoto, izixhobo zoomatshini kunye nombane, iimveliso zombane, oomatshini bezolimo, oomatshini bemigodi, izixhobo zonyango, i-biomedicine, izixhobo zepetroleum, iimveliso zekhemikhali, njl. njl womnatha kuMbindi Asia, kwaye uya kuthatha inzuzo yokuqala kukhuphiswano lwemarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokuphuhlisa ishishini eRashiya nakuMbindi weAsia, amashishini asekhaya akakwazi nje ukukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwemveliso kumazwe angaphandle kwaye athabathe ngokukhawuleza imarike yomhlaba enkulu egubungela iYurophu neAsia, kodwa anokudibanisa ekwakhiweni kwamakhonkco amahlanu eBelt kunye neNdlela yeSilk Road, akhuthaze. kunye nokuzinzisa intsebenziswano yengingqi neyengingqi. uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho. 6. Ngezohlwayo zexesha elide neziqhubekayo ngokuchasene neRashiya kunye neBelarus yiNtshona kunye nokwanda kwesabelo semarike yeemveliso zaseTshayina kwiimarike ezikhankanywe ngasentla kwixesha elizayo, eRashiya, eBelarus, kunye namazwe ayesakuba yiSoviet Union achaphazelekayo. yiRashiya, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweemveliso zaseTshayina, imigangatho yaseTshayina kunye nesatifikethi, i-RMB Kuya kubakho amathuba amaninzi ekuhlalweni, ukurhweba, kunye nokwakhiwa komhlaba, umoya, ukuthutha kunye nokuhanjiswa.
3. Uhlalutyo lweemveliso ezingena kwiimarike zaseRashiya nakuMbindi weAsia kusetyenziswa iholo yemiboniso ye-Uzbek yaphesheya:
I-1.IRiphabhlikhi yase-Uzbekistan iyonwabele uzinzo lwezopolitiko, uphuhliso loqoqosho olukhawulezayo kunye nozinzo lwentlalo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-China-Uzbekistan bunobubele kakhulu, kwaye intsebenziswano yamazwe amabini inamandla amakhulu ophuhliso. 2. United Iron and Steel International Uzbekistan GOODY Overseas Warehouse and Exhibition Centre ibekwe ecaleni kweyona marike inkulu yeSabra emnyama kunye nehoseyile kuMbindi Asia eTashkent, ikomkhulu laseUzbekistan. Liziko lojikelezo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla, kwaye iholo yemiboniso yendlu yokugcina impahla yaphesheya inokuhanjiswa kweemveliso ezizodwa I-Advantage. 3. IUzbekistan inabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2 abenza amashishini nabasebenza eRashiya, eMpuma Yurophu nakwezinye iindawo unyaka wonke. Oosomashishini base-Uzbekistan banesithethe eside sokudibanisa urhwebo norhwebo lwaseMpuma kunye neNtshona, kwaye banetalente, ulwimi, ijografi, i-visa kunye nezinye iingenelo zokuqhuba urhwebo oluwela imida. 4. I-Uzbekistan lilungu le-Commonwealth of Independent States kwaye inandipha unyango oluthandwa kakhulu lunikezelwa yiYurophu, i-United States, iRashiya kunye namanye amazwe. Iimpahla ezivela e-Uzbekistan zingena kumazwe e-Eurasian Economic Union, i-Asia Ephakathi, iYurophu kunye ne-United States nakwamanye amazwe, bonwabele iingenelo zokuququzelela urhwebo kunye nokunciphisa irhafu. 5. I-Tashkent, i-capital yase-Uzbekistan, iyindawo ebalulekileyo yokuthengisa kunye ne-logistics hub kwi-Asia Ephakathi. Izinto ezithengiswayo zinokusasazwa ngokukhawuleza ukusuka e-Uzbekistan ukuya eRashiya, eMpuma Yurophu, kuMbindi Asia, eMzantsi Asia, eNtshona Asia nakwezinye iindawo. Ngokunyuka kwezohlwayo ze-EU ngokuchasene neRussia kunye nokuvalwa kwamazibuko okuhamba, oololiwe bokuthutha i-China-Europe banokuchaphazeleka ngokupheleleyo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhanjiswa kwempahla eRashiya, ukuhanjiswa kweendlela kunye nomzila kaloliwe osuka kuMbindi Asia, e-Uzbekistan, eKazakhstan nakweminye imimandla kuya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo. 6. I-Uzbekistan ityebile kwimithombo yamaminerali kunye nemithombo yezolimo, kodwa isiseko sayo soshishino sibuthathaka. I-Uzbekistan ineziseko ezingundoqo ezifanelekileyo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wezinto ezisetyenziswa ngabantu. Ukuhambelana kwezoqoqosho phakathi kweTshayina neUzbekistan kucace gca.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-12-2022