Umyalelo weVolthage ephantsi Uba sisithintelo soMngcipheko oMkhulu, uPhendula njani kwiiMpahla zoMbane ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ukuze uthintele ukukhumbula

Ngokwezibalo zenkqubo yomnyango wokhuseleko we-EU (EU RAPEX), kwi-2020, i-EU yakhupha i-272 yezaziso zokukhumbula ezingazange zihambelane ne-Low Voltage Directive. Ngo-2021, inani elipheleleyo le-233 lilonke likhutshiwe; Iimveliso ziquka iitshaja ze-USB, iiadaptha zombane, iintambo zombane, izibane zangaphandle, izibane zokuhombisa kunye nezinye iimveliso zombane nezombane. Isizathu kukuba ukukhuselwa kwe-insulation yezi mveliso akwanelanga, abathengi banokuchukumisa iindawo eziphilayo kwaye babangele ukutshatyalaliswa kombane, okungahambelani ne-Low Voltage Directive kunye nemigangatho ye-EU EN62368 kunye ne-EN 60598. I-Low Voltage Directive ibe ngumngcipheko ophezulu. umqobo kwiimveliso zombane ukungena kwi-EU.

"I-Low Voltage Directive" kunye ne "Low Voltage"

"I-Low Voltage Directive" (LVD):Iqale yaqulunqwa ngo-1973 njengoMyalelo 73/23/EEC, iDirective iye yahlaziywa kaninzi kwaye yahlaziywa ngo-2006.

ukuya ku-2006/95/EC ngokuhambelana nemithetho yokulungiselela umthetho we-EU, kodwa into ihlala ingatshintshi. Ngo-Matshi 2014, i-European Union yazisa inguqulelo entsha ye-Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU, eyathatha indawo ye-original 2006/95/EC Directive. Lo myalelo mtsha uqale ukusebenza ngoAprili 20, 2016.

Injongo yoMyalelo weLVD kukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zombane ezithengiswayo kwaye zenziwe ngaphakathi kwiManyano yaseYurophu zikhuselekile kubathengi xa zisebenza kakuhle okanye xa zisilela.“低电压”:

I-LVD Directive ichaza iimveliso "zombane ophantsi" njengesixhobo sombane esinomthamo olinganiselweyo we-50-1000 volts AC okanye i-75-1500 volts DC.

Isaziso:Iimveliso zombane ezinombane ongaphantsi kwe-50 volts AC okanye ngaphantsi kwe-75 volts DC zilawulwa yi-EU General Product Safety Directive (2001/95/EC) kwaye aziweli ngaphakathi kobubanzi boMyalelo weVolthage ephantsi. Iimveliso ezithile ezifana neemveliso zombane kwindawo eqhumayo, izixhobo zemitha nezonyango, iiplagi zasekhaya kunye nesokethi nazo azigqunywanga nguMgaqo weVoltage ePhantsi.

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-2006/95/EC, utshintsho oluphambili lwe-2014/35/EU:

1. Ukuqinisekisa ukufikelela lula kwimarike kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko.

2. Ukucacisa uxanduva lwabavelisi, abarhwebi kunye nabasasazi.

3. Qinisa ukulandeleka kunye neemfuno zokubeka iliso kwiimveliso ezineziphene.

4. Kucacile ukuba umenzi unyanzelekile ukuba enze uvavanyo lokuhambelana yedwa, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuba iqumrhu lesithathu elaziswayo lingenelele kwinkqubo.

Iimfuno zoMyalelo weLVD

Iimfuno zomyalelo we-LVD zinokushwankathelwa njengeenjongo zokhuseleko ezili-10 phantsi kweemeko ezi-3:

1. Iimfuno zokhuseleko phantsi kweemeko jikelele:(1) Ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sombane sinokusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo ngokwenjongo yoyilo, kunye nokusebenza okusisiseko kufuneka kuchongwe kwisixhobo okanye kwingxelo ehamba nalo. (2) Uyilo lwezixhobo zombane kunye namalungu alo luya kuqinisekisa ukuba zinokufakelwa kwaye ziqhagamshelwe ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuchanekileyo. (3) Ukuba isixhobo sisetyenziswe ngokuhambelana nenjongo yoyilo kunye nokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukuyila kunye nokuveliswa kwayo kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokukhusela ingozi kwiimeko ezimbini ezilandelayo.2. Iimfuno zokhuseleko lokhuseleko xa isixhobo ngokwaso sivelisa imingcipheko:(1) Ukukhuselwa okwaneleyo kwabantu kunye nemfuyo kukwenzakala ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ezinye iingozi ezibangelwa kukudibana kombane ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo. (2) Akukho bushushu bunobungozi, i-arcing okanye imitha iya kuveliswa. (3) Ukukhuselwa okwaneleyo kwabantu, imfuyo kunye nepropathi kwiingozi eziqhelekileyo ezingezizo zombane (ezifana nomlilo) ezibangelwa izixhobo zombane. (4) Ukukhuselwa okufanelekileyo kwe-insulation phantsi kweemeko ezibonakalayo.3. Iimfuno zokhuseleko lokhuseleko xa isixhobo sichatshazelwa ziimpembelelo zangaphandle:(1) Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezilindelekileyo zokusebenza koomatshini kwaye akusayi kubeka emngciphekweni abantu, imfuyo kunye nepropathi. (2) Ukumelana neempembelelo ezingezizo ezoomatshini phantsi kweemeko ezilindelekileyo zokusingqongileyo ukuze zingabeki emngciphekweni abantu, imfuyo kunye nepropati. (3) Ukungafaki emngciphekweni abantu, imfuyo kunye nepropathi phantsi komthwalo obonakalayo (ukulayisha ngaphezulu).

Iingcebiso zokuhlangabezana:Ukulandela imigangatho engqinelanisiweyo yindlela esebenzayo yokujongana ne-LVD Directive. "Imigangatho ehambelanayo" yiklasi yeenkcukacha zobuchwepheshe kunye nefuthe lomthetho, eziqulunqwe yimibutho yemigangatho yaseYurophu efana ne-CEN (iKomiti yaseYurophu yokuMisela) ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ze-EU, kwaye ipapashwa rhoqo kwi-Official Journal ye-European Union. Imigangatho emininzi engqinelanisiweyo iyahlaziywa ngokubhekiselele kwimigangatho ye-IEC yeKhomishini yezoMbane yeHlabathi. Umzekelo, umgangatho osebenzayo ohambelanayo weetshaja ze-USB, EN62368, utshintshwa ukusuka kwi-IEC62368. Isahluko sesi-3, iCandelo le-12 loMyalelo we-LVD licacisa ukuba, njengesiseko esisisiseko sovavanyo lokuthotyelwa, iimveliso zombane ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ehambelanayo ziya kuthathwa ngokuthe ngqo ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zokhuseleko ze-Low Voltage Directive. Iimveliso ezingakhange zipapashe imigangatho ehambelanayo kufuneka zivavanywe ngokubhekisele kwimigangatho ye-IEC okanye imigangatho yelungu lelizwe ngokwemigaqo ehambelanayo.

Usenza njani isicelo sesiqinisekiso se-CE-LVD

Ngokutsho kwe-LVD Directive, abavelisi beemveliso zombane banokulungiselela amaxwebhu obugcisa, benze uvavanyo lokuthobela, kunye nokuqulunqa izibhengezo ze-EU zokuthobela ngokwabo, ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwee-arhente zeqela lesithathu. Kodwa ukufaka isicelo sesatifikethi se-CE-LVD kuhlala kulula ukubonwa yintengiso kwaye kuphuculwe lula urhwebo kunye nokujikeleza.

Ezi nkqubo zilandelayo zilandelwa ngokubanzi: 1. Ngenisa izixhobo zesicelo kwiqumrhu leziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo, njengamaxwebhu ezicelo aqulethe ulwazi olusisiseko lwabafaki-zicelo kunye neemveliso. 2. Ngenisa incwadana yemiyalelo yemveliso kunye namaxwebhu obugcisa emveliso (afana nemizobo yoyilo lwesekethe, uluhlu lwamacandelo kunye nezixhobo zokuqinisekisa icandelo, njl. njl.). 3. Iqumrhu lesatifikethi liqhuba uvavanyo lwemveliso ngokwemigangatho efanelekileyo, kwaye likhupha ingxelo yovavanyo emva kokuba imveliso iphumelele uvavanyo. 4. Iqumrhu lezatifikethi likhupha isatifikethi se-CE-LVD ngokolwazi olufanelekileyo kunye nengxelo yovavanyo.

Iimveliso ezifumene isatifikethi se-CE-LVD kufuneka zigcine ukuhambelana kokhuseleko lwemveliso, kwaye azikwazi ukutshintsha ngokungekho mthethweni isakhiwo semveliso, umsebenzi, kunye namacandelo abalulekileyo, kunye nokugcina idatha yobugcisa ehambelanayo yokulawula kunye nokuhlolwa.

Amanye amacebiso: Enye kukuqinisa ukulandelwa okuguquguqukayo kwemiyalelo. Landela ngokusondeleyo iintsingiselo zemigaqo kunye nemigangatho engqinelanisiweyo efana ne-EU LVD Directive, hlala unolwazi ngeemfuno zobugcisa zamva nje, kwaye uphucule imveliso kunye noyilo kwangaphambili. Okwesibini kukuqinisa ukuhlolwa kokhuseleko lwemveliso. Kwiimveliso ezinemigangatho ehambelanayo, ukulawulwa komgangatho kunikwa kuqala kwimigangatho ehambelanayo, kwaye iimveliso ezingenayo imigangatho ehambelanayo zinikwa kuqala ukubhekisela kwimigangatho ye-IEC, kwaye uvavanyo lokuthobela umbutho wesithathu lwenziwa xa kuyimfuneko. Okwesithathu kukuqinisa uthintelo lomngcipheko wekhontrakthi. I-LVD Directive ineemfuno ezicacileyo kuxanduva lwabavelisi, abarhwebi kunye nabasasazi.