NgoJanuwari ka-2022, isivumelwano esibanzi sobudlelwane boqoqosho (RCEP) saqala ukusebenza, sibandakanya amazwe ali-10 e-ASEAN, iTshayina, iJapan, uMzantsi Korea, iOstreliya neNew Zealand. Amazwe angamalungu ali-15 athatha malunga nesinye kwisithathu sabemi behlabathi, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwawo kumazwe angaphandle kumalunga nama-30% ewonke jikelele. Ngo-2021, i-China yathumela ngaphandle i-562.31 yebhiliyoni ye-yuan yempahla kunye nempahla kumazwe angamalungu e-RCEP, ithatha i-27.6% yexabiso le-China lilonke lempahla kunye nempahla. Ngokwelizwe elinye, phakathi kwezona marike zilishumi ziphezulu zokuthumela impahla ngaphandle kwe China kunye nempahla, amazwe angamalungu e-RCEP ajonga amahlanu, angala Japan, Vietnam, South Korea, Australia kunye neMalaysia, kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-129.51 billion yuan, 113.78 billion yuan, 65.02 billion. yuan, 44.07 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan kunye nama-41.93 eebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngokulandelelanayo, ezibalelwa kwi-6.4%, 5.6%, 3.2%, 2.2% kunye ne-2.1% yexabiso lilonke lelaphu nempahla yaseTshayina yokuthumela ngaphandle.
Umzobo ocwangcisiweyo welaphu laseTshayina kunye nempahla ethunyelwa kumazwe angamalungu e-RCEP ngo-2021
Ukuze kuphunyezwe ngcono iimfuno "yokunikela ingqalelo ngakumbi nokufunda amanyathelo orhwebo zobugcisa amazwe angamalungu RCEP" kwiimbono ezikhokelayo zoMphathiswa wezoRhwebo kunye namanye amasebe amathandathu malunga nokuphunyezwa komgangatho ophezulu wesivumelwano ingingqi yentsebenziswano ebanzi kwezoqoqosho. (RCEP), ngoku siqokelela kwaye silungisa imilinganiselo yorhwebo yobugcisa ye-RCEP yempahla kunye nempahla, ngenjongo yokubonelela ngesikhokelo kumashishini endwangu kunye nempahla yokuphuhlisa imarike ye-RCEP.
Japhan
01 igunya lolawulo
Iiarhente zaseJapan ezilawula ukungeniswa kwempahla nempahla zibandakanya ikakhulu ubuPhathiswa bezempilo, abasebenzi kunye nentlalontle (MHLW), iSebe lezoQoqosho, ishishini (METI), iarhente yemicimbi yabathengi (CAA) kunye neBureau yaseJapan kunye neRhafu. 02 imimiselo yobugcisa kunye nemigangatho
Iimfuno jikelele zomgangatho weelebhile zomluko kunye nempahla zichazwe kumthetho weleyibhile yomgangatho wempahla yasekhaya ① kunye nemigaqo yomgangatho weelebhile zomluko ②. Ukufumana iinkcukacha, bona i-JIS L 0001:2014 ukuchongwa kweelebhile zokuhlanjwa kunye nokugcinwa kwempahla ③. Umthetho wolawulo lwezinto ezinobungozi kumanqaku asekhaya ④ kunye nemimiselo yawo yokuphunyezwa ⑤ ulawula izinto ezinobungozi kwimpahla elukiweyo kunye nempahla, kwaye udwelise amagama, iimveliso ezisebenzayo kunye neendlela zokuvavanya izinto ezinobungozi. Ulwandlalo lwemigangatho yolawulo lwezinto ezinobungozi kumanqaku asekhaya ⑥ yongeza iimfuno zomda. Ummiselo wolawulo wohlaziyo oluyinxenye lomyalelo wokunyanzeliswa kuvavanyo kunye nokwenziwa kwezinto zekhemikhali ⑦ umisela ukuba ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwelaphu kunye nempahla equlethe i-perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) kunye neetyuwa zayo akuvumelekanga. Inqaku lesi-8-3 lomthetho wokukhusela umlilo ⑧ lichaza ukusebenza kokutshisa kunye neemfuno zeelebhile zempahla ethile kunye nempahla. Bona imathiriyeli efanelekileyo ⑨ ye-Japan Fire Protection Association ngeenkcukacha. Umthetho wemfanelo yemveliso ⑩ umisela ukuba umvelisi uya kuthwala uxanduva lokufa, ukwenzakala okanye umonakalo wepropathi obangelwe ziziphene zemveliso (ezifana neenaliti ezaphukileyo). Ukongeza, iimpahla ezilukiweyo kunye neempahla ezisebenzisa uboya okanye ufele nazo kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zeNgqungquthela yaseWashington, umthetho wokuzingela ukuze kukhuselwe izilwanyana zasendle, uMthetho woLawulo lweZifo ezosulelayo zemfuyo, kunye nomthetho wokhuseleko lwezilwanyana zasendle ezisengozini.
03 inkqubo yovavanyo lokuthobela
1. Emva kokuba i-textile ethunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nempahla ihlolwe yi-arhente echongiweyo ukuba ihambelane nemigangatho yoshishino yaseJapan ye-JIS, uphawu lwe-JIS lunokuthi lufakwe kwiimveliso, lubonisa ukuba lufumene isatifikethi se-JIS se-Japan Industrial Standards Investigation Association. Ezi mpawu zilandelayo zisetyenziswa ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene ukubonisa ukuba imveliso ihambelana nemigangatho yemveliso yeJIS; Amanqaku ahambelana nemigangatho yobugcisa; Uphawu oluhambelana nemigangatho ye-JIS echaza iinkalo ezithile ezikhethekileyo ezifana nokusebenza, ukhuseleko, njl.
2. I-textile kunye nempahla yokunxiba nayo inokudityaniswa namanqaku esiqinisekiso sokuzithandela, njengamanqaku e-SIF (isatifiketi somgangatho ophezulu wemveliso ye-textile yaseJapan kunye neZiko leTekhnoloji), uphawu lwesilika (iimveliso eziqinisekiswe ngumbutho we-silk textile wamazwe ngamazwe zenziwe nge-100% yesilika. ), uphawu lwe-hemp (isatifiketi seemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu zelinen yaseJapan, i-ramie kunye ne-jute Textile Manufacturers Association), uphawu lwe-SEK (iimveliso eziqinisekiswe yi-Japan Textile Function Evaluation Association) kunye ne-Q mark (isatifiketi seemveliso eziphezulu ze-Q mark Committee) . 3. UMphathiswa wezoQoqosho, uRhwebo kunye noShishino lwaseJapan uqhuba uhlolo lwemarike ngokuhlolwa kwendawo kunye nokunika ingxelo yoluntu, kwaye uya kwazisa umenzi okanye umboneleli ukuba alungise impahla yokuluka kunye nempahla engafanelekanga okanye engabhalwanga ngokwale migaqo ingasentla. Ukuba umqhubi weshishini uyasilela ukulungisa kwangethuba, umqhubi weshishini uya kugwetywa ixesha elimiselweyo lokuvalelwa entolongweni ixesha elingekho ngaphezu konyaka omnye kunye nesohlwayo esingekho ngaphezu kwe-1 yezigidi zeeyen ngokuhambelana nemigaqo yomthetho wokumiselwa komgangatho woshishino waseJapan.
04 iingcebiso ezifudumeleyo
Amashishini athumela iimpahla ezilukiweyo kunye nempahla kufuneka athathele ingqalelo kulawulo lwezinto eziyingozi zeemveliso zasekhaya eJapan, ngakumbi izinto ezingachazwanga kwimigangatho enyanzelekileyo yelaphu kunye nempahla yaseTshayina, enje ngeeretardants zomlilo, amayeza okubulala izinambuzane, i-fungicide kunye ne-mold proof finishing agents, perfluorooctanoic. iasidi (PFOA) kunye neetyuwa zayo. IJapan ifuna ukuba umxholo we-formaldehyde weemveliso zomntwana ongaphantsi kweenyanga ezingama-24 ubudala kufuneka ube ngaphantsi kwe-16mg / kg, engqongqo kunezibonelelo ze-GB 18401 (20mg / kg) eChina. Ingqalelo nayo kufuneka ihlawulwe. Ukongeza, iJapan ineemfuno ezingqongqo zeenaliti ezaphukileyo, kwaye iimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kufuneka ziphumelele ukuhlolwa kweenaliti ezaphukileyo. Kucetyiswa ukuba amashishini asebenzise oomatshini bokuvavanya inaliti ukuqinisa uhlolo.
Viyethnam
01 igunya lolawulo
Imigangatho yokhuseleko lwelaphu kunye nempahla yaseVietnam yenziwe yi-General Administration yemigangatho, i-metrology kunye nomgangatho (i-stameq) phantsi koMphathiswa wesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe, ojongene nomgangatho, i-metrology, imveliso kunye nokulawula umgangatho. I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezoShishino noRhwebo inoxanduva lokongamela ukhuseleko lwempahla eluka nempahla. Isebe lezeNzululwazi nobuChwepheshe phantsi koMphathiswa linoxanduva lokuphonononga nokuvavanya iifayile zobhaliso lwamashishini amaziko esiqinisekiso, uvavanyo kunye novavanyo, kwaye isebe elibanzi lolawulo lwemalike phantsi koMphathiswa linoxanduva lokuququzelela nokukhokela amacandelo olawulo lwemarike kumaphondo noomasipala ngokuthe ngqo. phantsi korhulumente oyintloko ukuhlola, ukulawula kunye nokujongana nokuphulwa kwemimiselo yomgangatho wemveliso kunye nemveliso. Impahla ezilukiweyo kunye nempahla ziya kukhululwa ngamasiko.
02 imimiselo yobugcisa kunye nemigangatho
Imithetho yobugcisa bempahla yaseVietnam kunye nempahla yobugcisa yi-qcvn: 01 / 2017 / BCT imimiselo yobugcisa kazwelonke kumxholo we-formaldehyde kunye ne-azo dyes ezinokubola zibe ngama-amine amnandi kwiingubo (imimiselo ekhutshwe i-21 / 2017 / tt-bct ⑪ kunye nezilungiso ezilandelayo ze-2017 / 087 / / tt-bct ⑫ kunye ne-20 / 2018 / tt-bct ⑬). Imimiselo yokuleyibhelishwa kwempahla yorhwebo ⑭ ichaza iimfuno zokuleyibhile kwiimveliso ezithengiswa eVietnam. Iilebula kufuneka ibhalwe ngesiVietnam, kubandakanywa ukubunjwa kwefiber, iinkcukacha zobugcisa, ulwazi olulumkiso, imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa, unyaka wokuvelisa, njl.
03 inkqubo yovavanyo lokuthobela
1. Iimveliso kunye neemveliso ezithengiswa kwimarike yaseVietnam kufuneka zihambelane nemimiselo ye-qcvn: 01 / 2017 / BCT imimiselo yezobugcisa kazwelonke kumxholo we-formaldehyde kunye ne-azo dyes ezinokubola kwi-amines enukayo kwiingubo; Ngokuhambelana neSaziso esinguNombolo 28 / 2012 / tt-bkhcn ⑮ kunye neNombolo yeNombolo 02 / 2017 / tt-bkhcn ⑯ yeSebe lezeNzululwazi kunye neTekhnoloji, uphawu lokuhambelana (inqaku leCR) liya kuprintwa. 2. Ukungeniswa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kwemvume yamasiko eVietnam kufuna amaxwebhu ahlukeneyo achazwe kwi-38 / 2015 / tt-btc ⑰, 39 / 2018 / tt-btc ⑱, 60 / 2019 / tt-btc ⑲ kunye ne-06 / 2021 / tt-btc datedc NgoJanuwari 22, 2021. Ukongezelela, ngenxa yokuphunyezwa komthetho omtsha we-customs, ukukhutshwa kwe-electronic customs clearance kufuneka kuqhutywe ngokwemigaqo.
04 iingcebiso ezifudumeleyo
Izithintelo kwizinto ezinobungozi kwilaphu kunye nempahla eVietnam ziphumle ngakumbi kunezo zase China. Ngokomzekelo, iimfuno ze-formaldehyde kumanqaku kwiintsana kunye nabantwana abancinci abangaphantsi kweenyanga ze-36 azikho ngaphezu kwe-30mg / kg (20mg / kg e-China), kunye ne-22 ye-azo izinto azikho ngaphezu kwe-30mg / kg (izinto ezingama-24 ze-azo azikho ngaphezulu. ngaphezu kwe-20mg / kg e-China). Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweVietnam kuya kugxininisa kwiimfuno ze-qcvn: 01 / 2017 / BCT imimiselo yobugcisa besizwe kumxholo we-formaldehyde kunye ne-azo dyes ezinokubola zibe yi-amines enukayo kwimpahla, njengophawu lokuhambelana kunye nokubhengezwa kokuhambelana.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-22-2022