Njengomrhwebi wangaphandle obekwishishini iminyaka emininzi, uLiu Xiangyang uye wasungula ngokulandelelana iimveliso ezivela kumabhanti emveliso angaphezulu kwe-10, njengempahla eZhengzhou, ukhenketho lwenkcubeko eKaifeng, kunye neRu porcelain eRuzhou, ukuya kwiimarike zaphesheya. Amakhulu aliqela ezigidi, kodwa ubhubhani owaqala ekuqaleni kuka-2020 uzise ishishini lorhwebo lwangaphandle ekuqaleni ngokukhawuleza.
Ubunzima boshishino kunye nokwehla kwentsebenzo yenkampani kwakha kwenza ukuba uLiu Xiangyang adideke kwaye adideke, kodwa ngoku, yena kunye neqela lakhe baye bafumana indlela entsha, bezama ukusombulula "amanqaku entlungu" kurhwebo lwangaphandle ngokusebenzisa esanda kusekwa " umzi-mveliso wedijithali”.
Ewe, ayingoLiu Xiangyang kuphela oguqula abantu abarhweba bangaphandle. Enyanisweni, oosomashishini abarhweba bamazwe angaphandle abaye bahamba phambili kurhwebo lwangaphandle ixesha elide kwi-Upper Delta kunye ne-Pearl River Delta bayakhawulezisa isantya senguqu.
Kunzima
Idolophu yaseShiling kwiSithili saseHuadu, iGuangzhou yaziwa kakhulu njenge "Leather Capital". Kukho 8,000 okanye 9,000 okanye 9,000 abavelisi bempahla yesikhumba edolophini, uninzi lwabo inamashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, ubhubhane olutsha lwesithsaba luye lwakhokelela ekuthengisweni kwamashishini amaninzi angaphandle kwempahla yesikhumba yangaphandle kuye kwaphazamiseka, imiyalelo yokurhweba kwamanye amazwe iye yehla ngokukhawuleza, kwaye uluhlu lwezinto ezidlulileyo luye lwaba ngumthwalo oxinyiweyo kwindawo yokugcina impahla. Amanye amashishini ekuqaleni ayenabasebenzi abali-1,500, kodwa ngenxa yokuhla kabukhali kwee-odolo, kuye kwafuneka ukuba babeke phantsi abantu abangama-200.
Kwenzeka into efanayo naseWenzhou, eZhejiang. Olunye urhwebo lwangaphandle lwangaphandle kunye neenkampani zezihlangu ze-OEM nazo ziye zadibana neengxaki ezifana nokuvalwa kunye nokungabinamali ngenxa yefuthe lemo engqongileyo yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nobhubhane.
Ekhumbula ifuthe lobhubhani kushishino lwezorhwebo lwangaphandle kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uLiu Xiangyang uthe iindleko zokwenziwa komsebenzi, "ukusuka kwi-3,000 yeedola zaseMelika kwisikhongozeli ngasinye, zinyuke zaya kutsho ngaphezulu kwama-20,000 eedola zaseMelika." Yintoni ebulalayo ngakumbi kukuba kunzima ukwandisa abathengi abatsha phesheya, kunye nabathengi abadala baqhubeka belahlekelwa, ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela ekuhlahleni okuqhubekayo kwishishini lorhwebo lwangaphandle.
Isithethi soMphathiswa wezoRhwebo uShu Jueting wake wathi amanye amashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle achatshazelwa ngubhubhane kwaye ajongana neengxaki ezihleliweyo ezinje ngemveliso evaliweyo kunye nokusebenza kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwezinto kunye nokuhamba. Kwangaxeshanye, iingxaki ezinjengokunyuka kweendleko zemathiriyeli ekrwada, ukungeniswa kakuhle komda wokuwela imida, kunye neebhotile zekhonkco lonikezelo azizange zithotywe ngokusisiseko, kwaye amashishini orhwebo angaphandle, ngakumbi amashishini amancinci naphakathi, ajongene noxinzelelo olukhulu lokusebenza.
U-Xia Chun kunye no-Luo Weihan, iingcali zezoqoqosho ze-Yinke Holdings, babhale inqaku kwi-Yicai.com, bechaza ukuba phantsi kwempembelelo yobhubhane, ikhonkco lezoshishino lwehlabathi kunye nokubonelela okuthe kwayilwa ngononophelo kwaye kwakhiwa ngabantu amashumi eminyaka. ethe-ethe ngakumbi. Amashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle, ingakumbi amashishini amancinci naphakathi agxile kumashishini aphakathi ukuya kwelisezantsi, anovakalelo ngakumbi, kwaye nawuphi na umothuko obonakala umncinci unokuzisa isibetho esibi kuwo. Kwimeko yobunzima bemeko yangaphakathi neyamazwe ngamazwe, ukuchuma kwamashishini orhwebo lwangaphandle kukude.
Ngoko ke, xa idatha yokungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kweChina kwisiqingatha sokuqala se-2022 yakhululwa ngoJulayi 13, uLiu Xiangyang wafumanisa ukuba nangona ixabiso lilonke lokungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kweChina kwisiqingatha sokuqala se-2022 yi-19.8 yetriliyoni ye-yuan, unyaka-on. -ukunyuka konyaka nge-9.4%, kodwa Ukwanda okuninzi kugalelwe ngamandla kunye neemveliso ezininzi. Ngokukodwa, kwishishini lorhwebo lwangaphandle lwamashishini amancinci naphakathi, nangona amanye amashishini ebuyela kwimeko entle, kusekho amashishini amancinci naphakathi kunye namashishini angaphandle asatsala nzima kule ngxaki.
Idatha yakutshanje evela kwi-General Administration of Customs ibonisa ukuba ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuJuni kulo nyaka, imiyalelo yokurhweba kwamanye amazwe yawela kumashishini empahla yabathengi kuquka izixhobo zasekhaya kunye neefowuni eziphathwayo. Phakathi kwabo, izixhobo zasekhaya zehla nge-7.7% ngonyaka, kwaye iifowuni eziphathwayo zehla nge-10.9% ngonyaka.
Kwimarike yempahla encinci yaseYiwu, eZhejiang, ethumela ikakhulu izinto ezincinci kumazwe angaphandle, ezinye iinkampani zorhwebo zangaphandle ziye zanikela ingxelo yokuba ukungaqiniseki okwahlukeneyo okubangelwa ngubhubhani ophindaphindiweyo kubangele ilahleko yee-odolo ezinkulu, kwaye ezinye iinkampani zade zaceba ukuvala.
Amanqaku entlungu
"Iimveliso zaseTshayina, emehlweni oosomashishini bamanye amazwe, banomdla kakhulu 'kwindleko esebenzayo'." U-Liu Jiangong (igama elingephi), iqabane likaLiu Xiangyang, uthe ngenxa yoko, oosomashishini bangaphandle abathenga iimveliso eTshayina baya kuthelekisa amaxabiso kuyo yonke indawo. Jonga ukuba ngubani onelona xabiso liphantsi. Ucaphula i-30, ucaphula i-20, okanye i-15. Ekupheleni kwexabiso, xa usomashishini wangaphandle ebala, kwanexabiso lempahla ekrwada ayonelanga, ngoko inokuveliswa njani? Akunjalo nje ukuba banomdla "kwindleko-ngempumelelo", kodwa banexhala lokuba bangabikho. Ukuze ugweme ukukhohliswa, baya kuthumela abantu okanye baphathise umntu wesithathu ukuba "afake" kwiworkshop. .
Oku kwenza kube nzima ukufumana ukuthembana phakathi koosomashishini bamazwe angaphandle kunye neefektri zasekhaya. Oosomashishini bamanye amazwe banenkxalabo malunga nomgangatho wemveliso. Ezinye iifektri zasekhaya, ukuze zifumane iiodolo, nazo ziya “kunxiba kwaye zinxibe”. Yixhome kwiworkshop ebonakala inkulu.
U-Liu Xiangyang uthe xa "abasemzini" bebuza malunga nokuthenga iimpahla, baya kubuza malunga nazo zonke iifektri abanokwazi kwaye bathenge ngeenxa zonke. Ibe yimali embi ekhupha imali entle, kwaye noosomashishini bangaphandle bavakalelwa kukuba “iphantsi ngokungenakuthenjwa”. Ixabiso sele liphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ukuba kukho inzuzo, inokwenziwa kuphela xa iindlela zokuvavanya ezikhoyo zingakwazi ukuzibona. Nciphisiwe.
Ngenxa yoko, abanye oosomashishini bamazwe angaphandle abangaqinisekanga bacinga ukuba "iifektri ze-squatting", kodwa akunakwenzeka ukujonga iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, akunakwenzeka ukubamba ngokuchanekileyo izinga lempazamo yeemveliso.
“Into ebesiyenza thina (amashishini amashishini) ngaphambili yayikukulahla imveliso okanye sinxibelelane ngokuthe ngqo nomthengi, sinciphise isaphulelo, kwaye sibize imali encinci,” utshilo uLiu Jiangong. Kukwakho nezinye iifektri ezizifihlayo. Ukuba i-shoddy, ukuba awumxeleli (usomashishini wangaphandle) ukuba angayisebenzisa ngaphandle kweengxaki, ngoko thina (amashishini amashishini) siya kuphuncula kwintlekele. "Le yindlela eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa kwimveliso yemveli."
Ngenxa yoko, oosomashishini bamanye amazwe boyika ngakumbi ukuthemba imizi-mveliso.
U-Liu Xiangyang wafumanisa ukuba emva komjikelo onoburhalarhume, indlela yokufumana ukuthenjwa nokuthenjwa iye yaba ngowona mqobo mkhulu kushishino lwangaphandle. Ukuhlolwa kwendawo kunye nokuhlolwa kwefektri phantse kube linyathelo elingenakuthintelwa ukuba oosomashishini bangaphandle bathenge eTshayina.
Nangona kunjalo, ubhubhani owaqala ekuqaleni kuka-2020 wenze olu hlobo lobudlelwane beshishini olubona kunzima ukulufikelela.
U-Liu Xiangyang, osebenza kakhulu kurhwebo lwangaphandle, ngokukhawuleza wafumanisa ukuba inkanyamba ebangelwa yibhabhathane ebangelwa ngubhubhane yabangela ilahleko kuye - umyalelo onexabiso elipheleleyo eliphantse libe yi-200 yezigidi zeedola zase-US; Izicwangciso zokuthenga ziye zarhoxiswa ngenxa yalo bhubhani.
"Ukuba lo myalelo unokugqitywa ngelo xesha, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kubakho inzuzo yamashumi ezigidi zeeyuan." U-Liu Xiangyang uthe ngalo myalelo, uye wanxibelelana nelinye iqela ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sonyaka, kwaye elinye iqela liye labhabha laya e-China amaxesha amaninzi. , Bephelekwa nguLiu Xiangyang nabanye, baya kumzi-mveliso ukuze bahlole lo mzi-mveliso izihlandlo ezininzi. Ekugqibeleni, la maqela mabini atyikitya isivumelwano ekupheleni kuka-2019.
Umyalelo wokuqala wokuvavanya inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamasiko wakhutshwa ngokukhawuleza, kunye nesixa samakhulu amawaka eedola. Okulandelayo, ngokwesicwangciso, ilizwe liya kuthumela abantu ukuba baye ku-squat kumzi-mveliso ukuhlangabezana nokuveliswa kweeodolo ezilandelayo. Qikelela ntoni, ubhubhane ufikile.
Ukuba awukwazi ukubona ukufika kwezinto eziluhlaza ngamehlo akho, kwaye awukwazi ukubona ukuveliswa komyalelo ngamehlo akho, elinye iqela lingathanda ukuthenga. Ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-2020 ukuya kuJulayi ka-2022, lo myalelo ulibazisekile kwakhona kwaye kwakhona.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, noLiu Xiangyang khange akwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba elinye iqela liya kuqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili umyalelo ophantse ube zizigidi ezingama-200 zeedola zaseMelika.
Bekuya kuba kuhle ukuba bekukho umzi-mveliso apho oosomashishini bamanye amazwe bebenokuhlala eofisini baze 'bagqume umzi-mveliso' kwi-Intanethi." U-Liu Xiangyang wacinga ngako, waza waqalisa ukubuza ngeenxa zonke, efuna ukususa ingxaki yangoku yorhwebo lwemveli lwangaphandle. Into awayecinga ngayo yayiyindlela yokufumana ngakumbi ukuthenjwa koosomashishini bamanye amazwe, ukuphucula urhwebo lwemveli lwangaphandle, nokuguqula iifektri zemveli zibe “ziifektri zedijithali”.
Ke ngoko, uLiu Xiangyang kunye noLiu Jiangong, obefunda iifektri zedijithali iminyaka eyi-10, badibana baza baseka ngokudibeneyo iYellow River Cloud Cable Smart Technology Co., Ltd. oku "njengemfihlelo" yokuphonononga ukuguqulwa kwentambo yombane yorhwebo lwangaphandle. iingalo”.
Inguqu
U-Liu Xiangyang uthe kurhwebo lwemveli lwangaphandle, kukho iindlela ezimbini zokufumana abathengi, kwi-intanethi, ngamaqonga afana ne-Ali International, ngaphandle kwe-intanethi, ngokusebenzisa abasasazi bamazwe angaphandle, kodwa kwiintengiselwano ze-odolo, zombini iindlela zinokubonisa iimveliso kwi-intanethi kuphela. Idatha yefektri yexesha langempela ayinakuboniswa kubathengi.
Nangona kunjalo, kwi-Yellow River Cloud Cable, ayinakuvula kuphela imveliso yedijithali kubathengi ngexesha langempela, kodwa ibonise idatha yexesha langempela lee-node ezingaphezu kwe-100 kwinkqubo yokuvelisa intambo, yeyiphi inkcazo, izixhobo kunye nezinto eziluhlaza. zisetyenziswe, kunye nexesha ekufuneka sisetyenziswe ngalo isixhobo. Ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa, ixesha elingakanani de umyalelo ugqitywe ekugqibeleni, unokuboniswa ngexesha langempela ngemvelaphi yekhompyutheni.
“Phambili phaya oosomashishini bamanye amazwe bekufuneka baye kwindawo yokusebenzela ukuze babone iinkcukacha. Ngoku, xa bevula ikhompyuter, banokubona idatha yexesha lokwenyani yesixhobo sethu ngasinye. ” U-Liu Jiangong wasebenzisa isifaniso esicacileyo ukuba ngoku, abathengi babona Inkqubo yokuvelisa imveliso ifana nomjikelo wobomi bomntu. Ukususela ekuzalweni komntwana ukuya ekuphuhliseni nasekukhuleni, kunokubonwa ngokujonga nje: ukuqala kwimfumba yobhedu, imvelaphi kunye nokubunjwa kwale mfumba, kwaye emva koko ukuya kumanqaku ahambelanayo emva kwe-node nganye. Idatha yemveliso, iiparamitha, kunye nevidiyo yexesha langempela kunye nemifanekiso, abathengi banokujonga ngexesha lokwenyani ngemvelaphi yekhompyuter. “Kwanokuba yimveliso ekumgangatho ophantsi, inokuqondwa ngokujikwa, ukuba ibangelwa yintoni na, enoba bubushushu besixhobo, okanye ukusebenza ngokungekho mthethweni kwabasebenzi, okanye izinto ezikrwada ezingasifanelanga ngokwabo.”
Esinye isiphelo sidibanisa kwiifektri ezihlakaniphile, kwaye esinye isiphelo siphuhlisa urhwebo lwedijithali. U-Liu Xiangyang uthe iqonga labo elitsha lineefektri ze-OEM ezingaphezu kwe-10, inkqubo yokuhlola kunye nokuhlola ngokupheleleyo, inkqubo epheleleyo yokulawula umgangatho, kunye nenkqubo epheleleyo ye-IoT yokulandela umkhondo. Ke ngoko, nangona ikwi-Intanethi ngaphezulu kwenyanga kuphela, iye yatsala umdla phakathi koosomashishini bangaphandle. Abanye babathengi bakudala abaye basebenzisana iminyaka emininzi nabo baye bavakalisa injongo yabo yokusebenzisana. "Okwangoku, inani lemibuzo lifikelele kwi-100 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika." U-Liu Xiangyang uxelele iYicai.com.
Nangona kunjalo, uLiu Jiangong naye uvumile ukuba umsebenzi wabo we-Intanethi osekelwe kwiifektri zedijithali useyinto "phezulu kwaye iphantsi", "Abanye oogxa beza kum ngasese bathi ukhulule 'ibhulukhwe yangaphantsi' yomzi-mveliso wakho, kwaye kwixesha elizayo, unako. 'dlala amaqhinga ukuba uyafuna,' elinye iqela lade latsho ku-Liu Jiangong liqhula, idatha yakho icace kakhulu, lumka xa isebe lerhafu lisiza kuwe.
Kodwa uLiu Xiangyang usazimisele, “Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwiifektri ngokuqinisekileyo yinto engenakuthintelwa. Kuphela kungokwamkela utyekelo esinokusinda. Khangela, asikubonanga na ukuphuma kwelanga ngoku?
Kwaye abanye oogxa babo borhwebo lwangaphandle sele beqalisile ukuphuhlisa i-e-commerce enqumla imida ukuze basuse le ngxaki.
Inkampani yezihlangu eWenzhou, kwiPhondo laseZhejiang enembali yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwezihlangu ezinegama elingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20, yabona ukuba oontanga bayo bakwingxaki yokuvala kunye nokubhanga, kwaye yaqala ukuqonda ukuba ukuze uphile, akufuneki kuphela. bathembele kwingeniso encinci yorhwebo lwangaphandle, kodwa kufuneka bandise amajelo okuthengisa angaphakathi, babambe amajelo okuthengisa kunye neemveliso ezandleni zabo.
“Ishishini lokurhweba kumazwe angaphandle libonakala likhulu kwaye lizinzile, kodwa eneneni, inzuzo incinci kakhulu. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba isiganeko sequbuliso siya kulahlekelwa yiminyaka embalwa yokonga.” UMnu Zhang, umntu ophethe inkampani, wathi ngenxa yesi sizathu, base-Alibaba, eDouyin, njl.
"Utshintsho lwedijithali lundinike ithemba elitsha lokukhula." Wathi kwixesha elidlulileyo, xa wenza urhwebo lwangaphandle, umyalelo omnye wafumana izigidi zezibini zezicathulo, kodwa inzuzo yayiphantsi kakhulu kwaye ixesha le-akhawunti lide kakhulu. Ngoku, ngokuzisa "ii-odolo ezincinci" Indlela yokuvelisa "i-reverse ekhawulezayo" yaqala ukusuka kumyalelo wamakhulu amawaka ezibini zezicathulo, kwaye ngoku unokuvulwa umgca we-2,000 yezicathulo. Indlela yokuvelisa ibhetyebhetye ngakumbi, engathinteli kuphela umngcipheko wokusilela kwe-inventri, kodwa inemida yengeniso ephezulu kunangaphambili. .
“Sineminyaka engaphaya kwamashumi amabini sisenza urhwebo lwangaphandle. Emva kobhubhane, saqala ukukhangela imarike yasekhaya. ” UNksz Xie, umntu ophethe inkampani kwiPhondo laseGuangdong ejongene nemveliso yeenkampu zangaphandle, uthe nangona ubhubhani ubangele ubunzima kwishishini lenkampani yorhwebo lwangaphandle, xa inkampani iguqulwa ibe yintengiso yasekhaya, Ukukhwela nje umoya wasempuma ukukhempisha, ngoku, intengiso yenyanga yohlobo lwenkampani phantse iphindwe kabini ngonyaka.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-18-2022