Uhlalutyo lwemarike yaseMzantsi Melika amanqaku orhwebo lwangaphandle

1. Iilwimi zaseMzantsi Melika

Ulwimi olusemthethweni lwabantu baseMzantsi Melika ayisosiNgesi

EBrazil: IsiPhuthukezi

IFrench Guiana: IsiFrentshi

Suriname: IsiDatshi

EGuyana: IsiNgesi

UMzantsi Merika uphela: iSpanish

Izizwe zokuqala zaseMzantsi Merika zazithetha iilwimi zomthonyama

Abantu baseMzantsi Melika banokuthetha isiNgesi kwinqanaba elifanayo neTshayina. Uninzi lwabo ngabantu abaselula abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala. Xa uncokola ngezixhobo zokuncokola, kuya kubakho amagama amaninzi angapelwanga kakuhle kunye negrama engekho mgangathweni, kodwa kungcono ukuncokola nabantu baseMzantsi Melika ngokuchwetheza kunefowuni, kuba abantu baseMzantsi Melika bathetha isiNgesi esifana nesiLatini ngenxa yempembelelo yolwimi lwabo lweenkobe.

Ewe, nangona uninzi lwethu lungasiqondi iSpanish kunye nesiPhuthukezi, kuyafuneka ukuba kuthunyelwe ii-imeyile kubathengi ngezi lwimi zimbini, ngakumbi xa uthumela iileta ezivulekileyo, amathuba okufumana impendulo aphezulu kakhulu kunesiNgesi.

2, Iimpawu zobuntu baseMzantsi Melika

Ukuthetha ngoMzantsi Merika, abantu bahlala becinga ngesamba saseBrazil, itango yaseArgentina, ibhom yebhola ephambeneyo. Ukuba kukho igama elinye lokushwankathela umlingiswa wabantu baseMzantsi Melika, "akuthintelwa". Kodwa ekuxoxweni kwezoshishino, olu hlobo "olungenakunqandwa" lunobungane kwaye lubi ngokwenene. “Ukungalawuleki” kwenza abantu baseMzantsi Merika ngokubanzi bangakwazi ukwenza izinto, yaye kuyinto eqhelekileyo ngabantu baseMzantsi Melika ukubeka amahobe. Ngokwembono yabo, ukufika emva kwexesha okanye ukuphosa idinga akuyongxaki. Ngoko ke umonde ubalulekile ukuba ufuna ukwenza ishishini nabantu baseMzantsi Melika. Musa ukucinga ukuba xa bengaphenduli kwi-imeyile iintsuku ezimbalwa, baya kucinga ukuba akukho nqaku. Enyanisweni, kunokwenzeka ukuba baya kubetha iiholide zabo (kukho iiholide ezininzi eMzantsi Melika, eziya kuchithwa ngokweenkcukacha kamva). Xa uthethathethwano nabemi baseMzantsi Melika, vumela ixesha elaneleyo lenkqubo yothethathethwano olude, ngelixa uvumela inkululeko eyaneleyo kwibhidi yokuqala. Inkqubo yothethathethwano iya kuba yinde kwaye ibenzima kuba abantu baseMzantsi Melika balungile kwiingxoxo kwaye kufuneka sibe nomonde. Abantu baseMzantsi Melika abakho ngqongqo njengabanye abantu baseYurophu kwaye bazimisele ukwenza ubuhlobo nawe kwaye bancokole ngezinye izinto ngaphandle kweshishini. Ke ukwazi inkcubeko yaseMzantsi Melika, ukwazi i-percussion encinci, umdaniso kunye nebhola ekhatywayo kuya kukunceda kakhulu xa usebenza nabantu baseMzantsi Melika.

3. IBrazil neChile (awona mahlakani amabini amakhulu elizwe lam eMzantsi Melika)

Xa kuziwa kwimarike yaseMzantsi Melika, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kucinga ngeBrazil kuqala. Njengelona lizwe likhulu kuMzantsi Melika, imfuno yemveliso yaseBrazil ikwindawo yesibini. Nangona kunjalo, imfuno enkulu ayithethi umthamo omkhulu wokungenisa. IBrazil inesiseko esomeleleyo seshishini kunye nesakhiwo esivakalayo seshishini. Oko kukuthi, iimveliso ezenziwe eTshayina zinokuveliswa eBrazil, ngoko ke ukuhambelana kweshishini phakathi kweTshayina neBrazil akukhulu kakhulu. Kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kufuneka sigxininise eBrazil, kuba iNdebe yeHlabathi ye-2014 kunye neMidlalo ye-Olimpiki ye-2016 yabanjwa eBrazil. Ngexesha elifutshane, iBrazil isenemfuno enkulu yokubonelela ngehotele, iimveliso zokhuseleko kunye neemveliso zamalaphu. ye. Ukongeza kwiBrazil, iChile lelinye iqabane elinobuhlobo laseTshayina eMzantsi Melika. Inommandla omncinci womhlaba kunye nonxweme olude nolumxinwa, idala iChile enqongopheleyo kwizibonelelo kodwa iphuhlise ngokugqithisileyo urhwebo lwezibuko. I-Chile inokuthengwa kwamanye amazwe, ngokukodwa amashishini amancinci kunye namashishini osapho, kodwa okoko nje sele ibhalisiwe ekuhlaleni ixesha elingaphezu konyaka omnye, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kubakho ulwazi olufanelekileyo kumaphepha aphuzi.

4. Intlawulo yetyala

Ngokuqhelekileyo, isidima sentlawulo kwimarike yaseMzantsi Melika sisalungile, kodwa ilibazisekile kancinane (ingxaki eqhelekileyo kubantu baseMzantsi Melika). Uninzi lwabarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle bakhetha i-L/C, kwaye banokwenza i-T/T emva kokuba beyiqhelile. Ngoku, ngophuhliso lwe-e-commerce, UkuHlawula kwi-Intanethi ngePayPal kuye kwaduma eMzantsi Melika. Zilungiselele ngokwasengqondweni xa usenza ileta yokuhanjiswa kwetyala. Imarike yaseMzantsi Melika idla ngokuba namagatya amaninzi e-L/C, ngokuqhelekileyo amaphepha angama-2-4. Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha izaziso ezinikiweyo zingeSpanish. Ke musa ukuhoya iimfuno zabo, kufuneka nje udwelise izinto ocinga ukuba azikho ngqiqweni kwaye wazise elinye iqela ukuba liyiguqule.

Ezona bhanki zihloniphekileyo eMzantsi Melika zezi:

1) Brazil Bradesco Bank

http://www.bradesco.com.br/

2) HSBC Brazil

http://www.hsbc.com.br

3) HSBC Argentina

ttp://www.hsbc.com.ar/

4) IBhanki yaseSantander yeSebe laseArgentina

http://www.santanderrio.com.ar/

5) I-Santander Bank yasePeru yeSebe

http://www.santander.com.pe/

6) Santander Bank Brazil Branch

http://www.santander.com.br/

7) Santander Chile Private Bank

http://www.santanderpb.cl/

8) I-Santander Bank yeSebe laseChile

http://www.santander.cl/

9) Santander Bank Uruguay Branch

http://www.santander.com.uy/

5. Umlinganiselo womngcipheko weemarike zaseMzantsi Melika

Umngcipheko wemarike eChile naseBrazil uphantsi, ngelixa amazwe afana neArgentina neVenezuela enomngcipheko omkhulu worhwebo.

6. I-etiquette yoshishino ukuba imarike yaseMzantsi Melika kufuneka inikele ingqalelo

Iindlela zokuziphatha zaseBrazil kunye nezithethe zamasiko. Ngokombono womlinganiswa wesizwe, abantu baseBrazil baneempawu ezimbini eziphambili ekusebenzelaneni nabanye. Kwelinye icala, abantu baseBrazil bathanda ukuya ngqo kwaye bathethe into abayifunayo. Abantu baseBrazil badla ngokusebenzisa ukwanga okanye ukwanga njengembeko yokuhlangana kwiimeko zentlalo. Kuphela kukwimisitho esesikweni apho babexhawulana ngezandla njengesikhahlelo. Ngezihlandlo ezisesikweni, abantu baseBrazil banxiba kakuhle kakhulu. Abanikeli ngqalelo ekunxibeni kakuhle kuphela, kodwa bakwakhuthaza ukuba abantu banxibe ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngezihlandlo ezahlukeneyo. Kwimicimbi karhulumente ebalulekileyo kunye nemisebenzi yezoshishino, abantu baseBrazil bathethelela ukuba iisuti okanye iisuti mazinxitywe. Kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, amadoda kufuneka ubuncinane anxibe iihempe ezimfutshane kunye neebhulukhwe ezinde, kwaye abasetyhini bafanele banxibe iziketi ezide ezinemikhono yeqhina. Abantu baseBrazil badla ngokutya kakhulu ukutya okufana nohlobo lwaseYurophu. Ngenxa yophuhliso lwemfuyo, umlinganiselo wenyama ekutyeni okutyiwa ngabantu baseBrazil mkhulu ngokwentelekiso. Kukutya okusisiseko kwamaBrazilians, iimbotyi ezimnyama zaseBrazil zinendawo. Abantu baseBrazil bathanda ukusela ikofu, iti emnyama kunye newayini. Izihloko ezilungileyo ukuthetha ngazo: ibhola ekhatywayo, amahlaya, amanqaku ahlekisayo, njl. Inqaku elikhethekileyo: Xa usebenzisana nabantu baseBrazil, akucebisi ukubanika iitshefu okanye iimela. Umqondiso othi "KULUNGILE" osetyenziswa yiBritane kunye naseMelika uthathwa njengelinyala kakhulu eBrazil.

Amasiko kunye ne-etiquette yelizwe laseChile AmaChile adla ukuya kumaxesha ama-4 ngosuku. Ukutya kwasekuseni, basela ikofu kwaye badla i-toast, ngokusekelwe kumgaqo wokulula. Malunga no-1:00 emva kwemini, yisidlo sasemini emaqanda, kwaye ubungakanani bulungile. Ngentsimbi yesi-4 emva kwemini, sela ikofu kwaye utye izilayi ezimbalwa ze-toast. Ngentsimbi yesi-9 ebusuku, yiba nesidlo sangokuhlwa esisesikweni. Xa usiya eChile, kungokwemvelo ukuba "ukwenza njengoko abantu bendawo benza", kwaye unokutya ukutya oku-4 ngosuku. Ngokubhekiselele kwishishini, kuyacetyiswa ukuba unxibe iisuti ezibambekayo nangaliphi na ixesha, kwaye kufuneka kuqeshwe kwangethuba utyelelo lukawonke-wonke nolwabucala. Kungcono ukubamba amakhadi eshishini ngesiNgesi, iSpanish kunye nesiTshayina. Amakhadi oshishino asekhaya angaprintwa ngesiNgesi nangeSpanish, kwaye aya kuthathwa kwiintsuku ezimbini. Iitekisi ezinxulumene nentengiso zibhalwe ngcono ngeSpanish. I-posture kufuneka ibe phantsi kwaye ithobeke, kwaye ungabi ngqongqo. Oosomashishini baseSan Diego banovakalelo kakhulu malunga noku. Oosomashishini abaninzi balapha basazi kakuhle isiNgesi nesiJamani. Oosomashishini baseChile basoloko behlekiswa ngabaphambukeli abatyelela eChile okokuqala, kuba aba bantu basemzini bahlala becinga ukuba iChile ikwalilizwe elishinyeneyo, elifumileyo neligqunywe ngamahlathi kuMzantsi Merika. Enyanisweni, indawo yaseChile ifana neYurophu. Ngoko ke, akuphosakelanga ukuba ubeke ingqalelo kwindlela yaseYurophu yayo yonke into. Abantu baseChile babaluleke kakhulu kwindlela yokubulisa xa bedibana. Xa bedibana neendwendwe zasemzini okokuqala, badla ngokuxhawulana baze babulise abahlobo abaqhelekileyo, yaye bakwanga ngokufudumeleyo baze baphuze. Abanye abantu abalupheleyo bakwaqhelile ukuphakamisa izandla okanye ukukhulula iminqwazi xa bedibana. Ezona zihloko zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngabantu baseChile nguMnu noNkskz okanye uNkskz, kwaye abafana abangatshatanga kunye nabasetyhini babizwa ngokuba yi-Master kunye no-Miss ngokulandelelana. Ngamaxesha amiselweyo, kufuneka kongezwe isihloko solawulo okanye isihloko semfundo ephakamileyo phambi kwesibuliso. Abantu baseChile bamenywa kwisidlo okanye umdaniso kwaye bahlala bezisa isipho esincinci. Abantu banomkhuba wokubeka phambili kwabasetyhini, kwaye abantu abancinci bahlala benikezela lula kubantu abadala, abafazi kunye nabantwana kwiindawo zikawonkewonke. I-taboos eChile iphantse yafana neyaseNtshona. Abantu baseChile nabo bajonga inani lesihlanu njengelishwa.

I-etiquette yase-Argentina kunye ne-custous taboo yase-Argentina ekusebenzisaneni kwabo kwemihla ngemihla kunye ne-etiquette ngokubanzi ihambelana namanye amazwe aseYurophu naseMelika, kwaye ifuthe kakhulu yiSpain. Uninzi lwabantu baseArgentina lukholelwa kubuKatolika, ngoko ke ezinye izithethe zonqulo zihlala zibonwa kubomi bemihla ngemihla baseArgentina. Kunxibelelwano, ukubambana ngesandla ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa. Xa udibana neqabane, ama-Argentina akholelwa ukuba inani lezandla kunye nomnye lilula. Kwiimeko zentlalo, ama-Argentines angabizwa ngokubanzi ngokuthi "Mnu.", "Miss" okanye "Nksk". Abantu baseArgentina ngokubanzi bathanda ukutya ukutya kwasentshona kwendlela yaseYurophu, kunye nenyama yenkomo, iigusha kunye nehagu njengokutya kwabo abakuthandayo. Iziselo ezidumileyo ziquka iti emnyama, ikofu kunye newayini. Kukho isiselo esibizwa ngokuba yi "Mate Tea", eyona mpawu yaseArgentina. Xa ibhola lebhola laseArgentina kunye neminye imidlalo, izakhono zokupheka, iimpahla zasekhaya, njl njl. zizihloko ezifanelekileyo ukuthetha ngazo, izipho ezincinci zinokunikwa xa u tyelela ama-Argentina. Kodwa akufanelekile ukuthumela i-chrysanthemums, iitshefu, izibophelelo, iikhati, njl.

I-Columbia Etiquette Abantu baseColombia bathanda iintyatyambo, kwaye ikomkhulu laseSanta Fe, eBogota, lithe phithi ziintyatyambo. Iintyatyambo zinxiba esi sixeko sikhulu saziwa ngokuba yi "Athene yaseMzantsi Melika" njengegadi enkulu. Abantu baseColombia bazolile, abangxamanga, kwaye bayathanda ukuthatha izinto kancinci kancinci. Ukucela abantu basekuhlaleni ukuba bapheke isidlo kudla ngokuthatha iyure. Xa bebiza abantu, isenzo esithandwayo sisandla phantsi, iminwe ishukuma ngesandla sonke. Ukuba unethamsanqa, sebenzisa umnwe wakho wesalathisi kunye nomnwe omncinci ukwenza imilo yephondo. Xa abantu baseColombia bedibana neendwendwe zabo, bahlala bexhawula izandla. Xa amadoda edibana okanye ehamba, aqhele ukuxhawula wonke umntu okhoyo. Xa amaIndiya akwiintaba zePhondo laseCauca eKholombiya edibana neendwendwe zawo, akaze abatyhalele bucala abantwana bawo, ukuze abavumele bazuze ukuqonda baze bafunde indlela yokuhlalisana nabantu bangaphandle kwasebuncinaneni babo. Elona xesha lilungileyo lokwenza ishishini eColombia ukusukela ngoMatshi ukuya kuNovemba minyaka le. Amakhadi oshishino angaprintwa ngesiTshayina nangeSpanish. Imiyalelo yokuthengisa imveliso kufuneka nayo iprintwe ngeSpanish ukuze ithelekiswe. Oosomashishini baseColombia basebenza ngesantya esiphantsi, kodwa babe nokuzithemba okuqinileyo. Ke ngoko, yiba nomonde kwimisebenzi yeshishini, kwaye elona xesha lilungileyo lokupha izipho sisihlandlo sokuphumla esiphumlileyo emva kothethathethwano lwezoshishino. Uninzi lwabantu baseColombia lukholelwa kubuKatolika, kwaye abambalwa bakholelwa kubuKristu. Abemi balapha ngabona bangathandekiyo nge-13 nangoLwesihlanu, kwaye abayithandi into emfusa.

7. IiHolide kuMzantsi Merika

Iiholide zaseBrazil

NgoJanuwari 1 Usuku loNyaka oMtsha

NgoMatshi 3 Carnival

Ngomhla wesi-4 kwiCarnival

Ngomhla wesi-5 kwiKhanivali (phambi kwe-14:00)

Ngomhla we-18 kuTshazimpuzi Usuku lokubethelwa emnqamlezweni

Ngomhla wama-21 kuTshazimpuzi uSuku lweNkululeko

Ngomhla woku-1 kuCanzibe uSuku lweHlabathi lwezaBasebenzi

NgoJuni 19 Umthendeleko

NgoSeptemba 7 uSuku lweNkululeko yaseBrazil

I-28 ye-Oktobha yabasebenzi baseburhulumenteni kunye nosuku loosomashishini

NgoDisemba 24 ngaphambi kobusuku beKrisimesi (emva kwe-14:00)

NgoDisemba 25 iKrisimesi

Ngomhla wama-31 kuDisemba ngo-Eva woNyaka oMtsha (emva kwentsimbi ye-14:00)

Iiholide zaseChile

NgoJanuwari 1 Usuku loNyaka oMtsha

Ngomhla wama-21 kuMatshi ngePasika

Ngomhla we-1 kaMeyi Usuku lwaBasebenzi

Ngomhla wama-21 kuCanzibe weNavy Day

NgoJulayi 16 Usuku lweSanta Carmen

Agasti 15 Assumption of Our Lady

NgoSeptemba 18 Usuku lweSizwe

NgoSeptemba 19 Usuku loMkhosi

NgoDisemba 8th ngosuku lokukhawulwa kweNtombi Enyulu uMariya

NgoDisemba 25 iKrisimesi

Iiholide eArgentina

NgoJanuwari 1 uNyaka oMtsha

Matshi-Aprili ngolwesihlanu (inguquko) Good Friday

Ngomhla we-2 kuTshazimpuzi iFalklands War Days Day

Ngomhla we-1 kaMeyi Usuku lwaBasebenzi

Meyi 25 Usuku lwenguquko

NgoJuni 20 Usuku lweflegi

Ngomhla we-9 kaJulayi uSuku lweNkululeko

Ngomhla we-17 ka-Agasti uSuku lweSikhumbuzo sikaSan martin (Ootata abaSekiyo)

Ngomhla we-12 ku-Okthobha Ukufunyanwa koSuku lweHlabathi eNtsha (uSuku lukaColumbus)

Ngomhla wesi-8 kaDisemba uMthendeleko wokuKhuleka okungaPheleleyo

NgoDisemba 25 Usuku lweKrisimesi

Columbia umthendeleko

NgoJanuwari 1 uNyaka oMtsha

Ngomhla woku-1 kuCanzibe uSuku lweHlabathi lwezaBasebenzi

Ngomhla wama-20 kweyeKhala yeNkululeko (uSuku lweSizwe) Usuku

Ngomhla we-7 ka-Agasti uSuku lweSikhumbuzo seMfazwe yaseBhoyaka

Ngomhla wesi-8 kuDisemba uSuku lokuMisa ngokuNgagqibelelanga

NgoDisemba 25 iKrisimesi

8. Amaphepha amaNe atyheli aseMzantsi Melika

Ajentina:

http://www.infospace.com/?qc=local

http://www.amarillas.com/index.html (Spanish)

http://www.wepa.com/ar/

http://www.adexperu.org.pe/

Brazil:

http://www.nei.com.br/

Tshile:

http://www.amarillas.cl/ (Spanish)

http://www.chilnet.cl/ (Spanish)

Kholambiya:

http://www.quehubo.com/colombia/ (Spanish)

9. Iireferensi kwezinye zeemveliso ezithengiswa kakhulu eMzantsi Melika

(1) Umatshini wombane

Amandla ombane kunye namaxesha eChile ayafana nalawo aseTshayina, ke ngoko iinjini zaseTshayina zinokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo eChile.

(2) Ifenitshala, amalaphu kunye nehardware

Ifenitshala, ihardware kunye namalaphu anentengiso eninzi eChile. I-Hardware kunye namalaphu phantse onke amaTshayina. Imarike yefenitshala inamandla amakhulu. Kukho amaziko amabini amakhulu okuthengisa ifanitshala eSan Diego, kwaye iFranklin yeyona inkulu kuwo. Ngokubhekiselele kumabakala, iimfuno zemihla ngemihla ezithengiswa eChile zezemveliso yasekhaya yesibini kunye neyesithathu, kunye nomgangatho ophakathi, kwaye baye balawula imarike ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu. Kodwa ndihlala ndisiva abantu baseChile bekhuza umgangatho weemveliso zamaTshayina. Enyanisweni, ezinye iimveliso zasekhaya zisemgangathweni olungileyo, kodwa inqanaba lokusetyenziswa kweChile lilinganiselwe. Ukuba uthenge iimveliso zeklasi yokuqala, ixabiso ngokubanzi linyuswe ngama-50% -100%. Ngokusisiseko, akukho mntu waseChile onokufikelela kuzo. Ukuba ufuna ukuthumela ngaphandle ifenitshala, kungcono ukuhambisa ifektri yokulungisa ukuya eChile. Zininzi iiplanti zokulungisa iilog kumazantsi eChile, kwaye iimbumbulu zininzi. yetyiswe ngokuthe ngqo ekuhlaleni. Ukuba ithunyelwa ngaphandle ngokuthe ngqo, iindleko zokuthumela ziphezulu, kwaye ukufuma kunye nokumelana nokubola nazo ziyingxaki.

(3) Izixhobo zokuzilolonga

Amagumbi amaninzi eChile axhotyiswe ngamaziko okuzilolonga, kwaye iindawo zokuzilolonga zikwadumile eChile. Ngoko kufuneka kuthiwe kukho imarike ethile. Nangona kunjalo, ilizwe laseChile linabemi abambalwa kunye negunya elilinganiselweyo lokuchitha. Kucetyiswa ukuba abahlobo abenza izixhobo zokufaneleka bangasebenzisa iBrazil njengendawo yokungena. Ngenxa yokuba iimveliso ezininzi zamashishini ziphuma eBrazil zisiya kuwo wonke uMzantsi Melika.

(4) Iimoto kunye namalungu emoto

Imakethi yemoto yaseMzantsi Melika iyeyesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni emva koMntla Melika, iAsia kunye neYurophu. Ukuba abavelisi beemoto baseTshayina bafuna ukungena ngempumelelo kwimakethi yaseBrazil, baya kujongana nobunzima obubonakalayo obufana nenzuzo yokukhuphisana yemarike yokuqala yeenkampani zakudala zemoto eYurophu, eMelika, eJapan naseSouth Korea, imithetho entsonkothileyo kunye nemimiselo, kunye nokhuseleko olungqongqo kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. iimfuno.

Zingaphezulu kwama-460 iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkampani zamalungu emoto eBrazil. Uninzi lweenkampani zaseBrazil kunye neenkampani zigxile kakhulu kwingingqi yaseSao Paulo kunye nonxantathu ophakathi kweSao Paulo, iMinas kunye neRio de Janeiro. IRodobens lelona qela likhulu lokuthengisa iimoto kunye nenkonzo eBrazil; ngembali engaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50, inabasasazi abangaphezu kwama-70 eBrazil, eArgentina nakweminye imimandla, ikakhulu ejongene neToyota, GM, Ford, Volkswagen kunye nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe zeemoto zabakhweli kunye nezixhobo zayo; Ukongeza, iRodobens ngoyena msasazi omkhulu weMichelin eBrazil. Nangona iBrazil ivelisa iimoto ezizizigidi ezi-2 ngonyaka, isiseko soboneleli sendawo sisebuthathaka kwaye asiphelelanga, kwaye iindawo ezifunwa ngabavelisi bokuqala zisenokungafumaneki eBrazil, zibangela ukuba bangenise iindawo ezifana ne-die-casting, iziqhoboshi kunye namatayara. amazwe