Isiqinisekiso sokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle luqinisekiso lwentembeko yorhwebo, kwaye imeko yangoku yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe intsonkothile kwaye isoloko itshintsha. Iimarike ekujoliswe kuzo kunye neendidi zeemveliso zifuna izatifikethi ezahlukeneyo kunye nemigangatho.
Izatifikethi zamazwe ngamazwe
1. ISO9000
I-International Organisation for Standardization ngowona mbutho ubalaseleyo kwihlabathi jikelele ongekho phantsi kukarhulumente wokubekwa emgangathweni, kwaye unendawo ephambili ekubekweni emgangathweni wamazwe ngamazwe.
Umgangatho we-ISO9000 ukhutshwe yi-International Organisation for Standardization (ISO), esebenzisa imigangatho ye-GB/T19000-ISO9000 yosapho lwemigangatho, uqhuba uqinisekiso lomgangatho, ulungelelanisa umsebenzi wokulinganisa emhlabeni wonke, uququzelela utshintshiselwano ngolwazi phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu kunye neekomiti zobugcisa, kwaye usebenzisana nezinye. imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe ukuba ifunde ngokudibeneyo imiba yomgangatho.
2. GMP
I-GMP imele iZenzo zoMveliso eziLungileyo, ezigxininisa ulawulo lococeko lokutya kunye nokhuseleko ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa.
Ngamafutshane, i-GMP ifuna ukuba amashishini okuvelisa ukutya abe nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuvelisa, iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokuvelisa, ulawulo lomgangatho ovakalayo, kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo ezingqongqo zokuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela (kubandakanya ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nococeko) uyahlangabezana neemfuno zolawulo. Umxholo ochazwe yi-GMP yeyona mfuno isisiseko ekufuneka amashishini okulungisa ukutya ahlangabezane nayo.
3. I-HACCP
I-HACCP imele iNdawo yokuLawula iHazard Analysis Critical Control.
Inkqubo ye-HACCP ithathwa njengeyona nkqubo ilungileyo nesebenzayo yokulawula ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nomgangatho wencasa. Umgangatho wesizwe we-GB/T15091-1994 "Isigama esiSiseko soShishino lokuTya" sichaza i-HACCP njengendlela yokulawula ukuveliswa (ukulungiswa) kokutya okukhuselekileyo. Hlalutya izinto eziluhlaza, iinkqubo eziphambili zokuvelisa, kunye nezinto ezichaphazela ukhuseleko lwemveliso, misela izixhumanisi eziphambili kwinkqubo yokucubungula, ukuseka nokuphucula iinkqubo zokubeka iliso kunye nemigangatho, kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okulungisa asemgangathweni.
Umgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe we-CAC/RCP-1 "Imigaqo Jikelele yoBucoceko boKutya, i-1997 Revision 3" ichaza i-HACCP njengenkqubo yokuchonga, yokuvavanya nokulawula iingozi ezibalulekileyo kukhuseleko lokutya.
4. I-EMC
Ukuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic (EMC) yeemveliso zombane kunye nombane sisalathisi somgangatho esibaluleke kakhulu, esingahambelani kuphela nokuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko lwemveliso ngokwayo, kodwa sinokuchaphazela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezinye izixhobo kunye neenkqubo, kwaye sinxulumene ukhuseleko lwemekobume ye-electromagnetic.
Urhulumente woLuntu lwaseYurophu umisela ukuba ukususela ngoJanuwari 1, 1996, zonke iimveliso zombane kunye ne-elektroniki kufuneka zigqithise isatifikethi se-EMC kwaye zifakwe uphawu lwe-CE ngaphambi kokuba zithengiswe kwimarike yoLuntu lwaseYurophu. Oku kube nefuthe elibanzi kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye oorhulumente kwihlabathi liphela bathathe amanyathelo okunyanzelisa ulawulo olusisinyanzelo lweRMC yeemveliso zombane neze-elektroniki. Ezinempembelelo kumazwe ngamazwe, njenge-EU 89/336/EEC.
5. IPPC
Ukumakishwa kwe-IPPC, ekwaziwa ngokuba nguMgangatho waMazwe ngaMazwe weMigangatho yokuValela yoMthi yokuPakisha. Ilogo ye-IPPC isetyenziselwa ukuchonga ukupakishwa kweplanga okuhambelana nemigangatho ye-IPPC, ebonisa ukuba ukupakishwa kwamaplanga kuqhutywe ngokwemigangatho yokuvalelwa kwe-IPPC.
Ngo-Matshi 2002, i-International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) yakhupha i-International Plant Quarantine Measures Standard No. uphawu lusetyenziselwa ukuchonga ukupakishwa kweplanga okuhambelana nemigangatho ye-IPPC, ebonisa ukuba ukupakishwa okujoliswe kuyo kuqhutywe ngokwemigangatho yokuvalelwa kwe-IPPC.
6. Isiqinisekiso se-SGS (samazwe ngamazwe)
I-SGS sisishunqulelo se-Societe Generale de Surveillance SA, eguqulelwe njenge-"General Notary Public". Yasekwa ngo-1887 kwaye ngoku iyeyona nkampani inkulu kunye neyona indala yehlabathi yabucala yeqela lesithathu ebandakanyeka kulawulo lomgangatho wemveliso kunye novavanyo lobugcisa, ikomkhulu eliseGeneva.
Imisebenzi enxulumene ne-SGS ngokubanzi ibandakanya: ukuhlola (ukuhlola) iinkcukacha, ubungakanani (ubunzima), kunye nokupakishwa kwempahla; Ukubeka iliso kunye nokulayishwa kweemfuno zomthwalo omninzi; Ixabiso elivunyiweyo; Fumana ingxelo ebhaliweyo kwiSGS.
Izatifikethi zaseYurophu
EU
1. CE
I-CE imele Umanyano lwaseYurophu (CONFORMITE EUROPEENNE), oluphawu lwesiqinisekiso sokhuseleko oluthathwa njengepaspoti kubavelisi ukuba bavule kwaye bangene kwimarike yaseYurophu. Iimveliso ezinophawu lwe-CE zinokuthengiswa kumazwe ahlukeneyo angamalungu e-EU, kuzuzwe ukujikeleziswa kwempahla simahla kumazwe angamalungu e-EU.
Iimveliso ezifuna ilebhile yeCE ukuba ithengiswe kwimarike ye-EU ziquka oku kulandelayo:
· Iimveliso zombane, iimveliso zoomatshini, iimveliso zokudlala, izixhobo ezingenazingcingo kunye nezonxibelelwano, ifriji kunye nezixhobo zokukhenkceza, izixhobo zokuzikhusela, iinqanawa ezilula zoxinzelelo, iibhoyila zamanzi ashushu, izixhobo zoxinzelelo, izikhephe zokonwabisa, iimveliso zokwakha, izixhobo zonyango ezifakwe kwi-vitro, izixhobo zonyango ezinokumiliselwa. izixhobo, izixhobo zombane zonyango, izixhobo zokuphakamisa, izixhobo zerhasi, izixhobo ezingezizo ezizenzekelayo
2. RoHS
I-RoHS sisishunqulelo soMnyino wokuSetyenziswa kwezinto ezithile eziNcedayo kwiZixhobo zoMbane neze-Eletroniki, ezikwabizwa ngokuba nguMyalelo we-2002/95/EC.
I-RoHS ijolise kuzo zonke iimveliso zombane neze-elektroniki ezinokuqulatha izinto eziyingozi ezintandathu ezikhankanywe ngasentla kwimathiriyeli yazo ekrwada kunye neenkqubo zemveliso, ingakumbi kubandakanywa:
·Izixhobo ezimhlophe (ezifana neefriji, oomatshini bokuhlamba, iimayikhroyivayiva, ii-air conditioners, vacuum cleaners, izifudumezi zamanzi, njl njl.) · Izixhobo ezimnyama (ezinje ngeaudio, iimveliso zevidiyo, iiDVD, iiCD, izamkeli zeTV, iimveliso zeIT, iimveliso zedijithali, unxibelelwano iimveliso, njl. njl.) · Izixhobo zombane · Izinto zokudlala zombane zombane kunye nezixhobo zombane zonyango, njl
3. FIKELELA
I-EU Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authority and Restriction of Chemicals, efinyeziweyo njengoMmiselo woBhaliso, uVavanyo, uGunyaziso kunye nokuThintelwa kweeKhemikhali, yinkqubo yokulawula imichiza esekwe yi-EU kwaye iphunyezwe ngoJuni 1, 2007.
Le nkqubo ibandakanya iziphakamiso zokulawula ukhuseleko lwemveliso yeekhemikhali, ukurhweba, kunye nokusetyenziswa, okujoliswe ekukhuseleni impilo yabantu kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukugcinwa kunye nokuphucula ukukhuphisana kweshishini lemichiza ye-EU, kunye nokuphuhlisa ubuchule obutsha kwizinto ezingenayo ityhefu kunye nezingenabungozi.
Umyalelo we-REACH ufuna ukuba iikhemikhali ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwaye ziveliswe ngaphakathi kweYurophu kufuneka zihambe ngenkqubo ebanzi yokubhalisa, ukuvavanya, ukugunyazwa, kunye nokunciphisa ukuchonga okungcono kunye nokulula ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye noluntu. Lo myalelo ubandakanya ubukhulu becala imixholo emininzi enjengobhaliso, uvavanyo, ugunyaziso kunye nezithintelo. Nayiphi na imveliso kufuneka ibe nefayile yokubhalisa edwelisa ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali kwaye ichaza indlela umenzi asebenzisa ngayo la macandelo ekhemikhali, kunye nengxelo yokuhlola ubuthi.
eBritani
BSI
I-BSI liZiko lemiGangatho yaseBhritane, lelona qumrhu lakuqala likazwelonke lokubeka emgangathweni. Ayilawulwa ngurhulumente kodwa ifumene inkxaso emandla kurhulumente. I-BSI iqulunqa kwaye ihlaziye imigangatho yaseBrithani kwaye ikhuthaza ukuphunyezwa kwayo.
Fransi
NF
I-NF yigama lekhowudi yomgangatho wesiFrentshi, owaphunyezwa kwi-1938 kwaye ilawulwa yiFrench Institute for Standardization (AFNOR).
Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-NF akunyanzeliswa, kodwa ngokubanzi, iimveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle eFransi zifuna isatifikethi se-NF. Isiqinisekiso se-NF yesi-French siyahambelana nesatifikethi se-EU CE, kwaye isatifikethi se-NF sigqitha imigangatho ye-EU kwiinkalo ezininzi zobungcali. Ke ngoko, iimveliso ezifumana isatifikethi se-NF zinokufumana ngokuthe ngqo isatifikethi se-CE ngaphandle kwesidingo salo naluphi na uhlolo lwemveliso, kwaye kufunwa iinkqubo ezilula kuphela. Uninzi lwabathengi baseFransi banoluvo oluqinileyo lokuthembela kwisatifikethi se-NF. Isiqinisekiso se-NF sisebenza ikakhulu kwiintlobo ezintathu zeemveliso: izixhobo zendlu, ifenitshala, kunye nemathiriyeli yokwakha.
Jemani
1. I-DIN
I-DIN imele i-Deutsche Institute fur Normung. I-DIN ligunya lokubeka emgangathweni eJamani, lisebenza njenge-arhente yesizwe yokubeka emgangathweni kwaye lithatha inxaxheba kwimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe neyengingqi engeyiyo ekarhulumente yokubeka emgangathweni.
I-DIN yajoyina i-International Organisation for Standardization kwi-1951. I-German Electrotechnical Commission (DKE), ihlanganiswe ngokubambisana ne-DIN kunye ne-German Institute of Electrical Engineers (VDE), imele iJamani kwi-International Electrotechnical Commission. I-DIN ikwayiKhomishini yaseYurophu yokuMisela iMigangatho kunye neMigangatho ye-Electrotechnical yaseYurophu.
2. GS
Uphawu lwe-GS (Geprufte Sicherheit) luphawu lwesatifikethi sokhuseleko olukhutshwe ngu-T Ü V, VDE kunye neminye imibutho egunyaziswe nguMphathiswa wezaBasebenzi waseJamani. Yamkelwa ngokubanzi ngabathengi baseYurophu njengophawu lokhuseleko. Ngokubanzi, iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo ze-GS zinexabiso eliphezulu lokuthengisa kwaye zithandwa kakhulu.
Isiqinisekiso se-GS sineemfuno ezingqongqo zenkqubo yoqinisekiso lomgangatho weefektri, kwaye iifektri kufuneka zingene kuphicotho-zincwadi nohlolo lonyaka:
Funa iifektri ukuba ziseke eyazo inkqubo yoqinisekiso lomgangatho ngokungqinelana nomgangatho wenkqubo ye-ISO9000 xa kuhanjiswa isambuku. Umzi-mveliso ubuncinci kufuneka ube nenkqubo yawo yokulawula umgangatho, iirekhodi zomgangatho, kunye nobuchule obaneleyo bemveliso kunye nokuhlola.
Phambi kokuba kukhutshwe isatifikethi se-GS, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokutsha umzi-mveliso omtsha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ufanelekile phambi kokuba kukhutshwe isiqinisekiso se-GS; Emva kokukhupha isiqinisekiso, umzi-mveliso kufuneka uhlaziywe ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba zingaphi iimveliso ezifakwe kwifektri kumanqaku e-TUV, uhlolo lwefektri kufuneka luqhutywe kube kanye kuphela.
Iimveliso ezifuna isatifikethi se-GS ziquka:
·Izixhobo zasendlini, ezinjengeefriji, oomatshini bokuhlamba, izinto zasekhitshini, njl. Oomatshini basekhaya · Izixhobo zemidlalo · Izixhobo zombane zasekhaya, ezifana nezixhobo ezivakalayo nezibonwayo · Izixhobo zeofisi zombane neze-elektroniki, ezifana neekopi, oomatshini befeksi, iishredders, iikhompyutha, abashicileli, njl. Oomatshini bemizi-mveliso kunye nezixhobo zovavanyo lovavanyo· Ezinye iimveliso ezinxulumene nokhuseleko, ezifana neebhayisekile, izigcina-ntloko, iileli, ifenitshala, njl.
3. VDE
I-VDE Testing and Certification Institute yenye yezona zinto zinamava ovavanyo, iziqinisekiso, kunye nemibutho yokuhlola eYurophu.
Njengombutho owaziwayo kumazwe ngamazwe wovavanyo lokhuseleko kunye nesiqinisekiso sezixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye namacandelo azo, i-VDE yonwabela udumo oluphezulu eYurophu nakwamanye amazwe. Uluhlu lwayo oluvavanyiweyo lwemveliso lubandakanya izixhobo zendlu kunye nezorhwebo, izixhobo ze-IT, izixhobo zobuchwepheshe bezoshishino kunye nezonyango, izixhobo zokuhlanganisa kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki, iingcingo kunye neentambo, njl.
4. T U V
Uphawu lwe-T Ü V, ekwaziwa ngokuba yiTechnischer ü berwach ü ngs Verein ngesiJamani, luphawu lwesiqinisekiso sokhuseleko esiyilelwe ngokukodwa amacandelo e-elektroniki eJamani. NgesiNgesi, lithetha "uMbutho woHlolo lobuGcisa". Yamkelwa ngokubanzi eJamani naseYurophu. Xa ufaka isicelo selogo ye-T Ü V, amashishini anokufaka isicelo sezatifikethi ze-CB kunye kwaye afumane izatifikethi kwamanye amazwe ngoguqulo.
Ukongeza, emva kokuba imveliso iqinisekisiwe, iT Ü V eJamani iya kukhangela ababoneleli becandelo abafanelekileyo kwaye bacebise ezi mveliso kubavelisi bokulungisa. Ngexesha lonke lenkqubo yoqinisekiso lomatshini, onke amacandelo afumene amanqaku e-T Ü V akhululwe ekuhlolweni.
Iziqinisekiso zaseMntla Melika
Amazwe Amanyene
1. UL
I-UL imele i-Underwriter Laboratories Inc., eyona ntlangano inegunya eUnited States kunye nelinye lamaziko abucala amakhulu kwihlabathi abandakanyeka kuvavanyo lokhuseleko kunye novavanyo.
Yamkela iindlela zovavanyo lwezenzululwazi ukufunda nokugqiba ukuba ngaba izinto ezahlukeneyo, izixhobo, iimveliso, amaziko, izakhiwo, njl. Ukumisela, ukubhala, nokusabalalisa imigangatho ehambelanayo kunye nezixhobo ezinceda ukunciphisa kunye nokuthintela ilahleko ebomini kunye nepropathi, ngelixa uqhuba iinkonzo zophando eziyinyaniso.
Ngamafutshane, ibandakanyeka ikakhulu kwisiqinisekiso sokhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nesatifikethi sokhuseleko lweshishini, ngeyona njongo iphambili yokufumana iimpahla ezinomgangatho obonakalayo wokhuseleko kwimarike, nokwenza igalelo ekuqinisekiseni impilo yomntu kunye nokhuseleko lwepropathi.
Njengendlela esebenzayo yokuphelisa imiqobo yobugcisa kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, i-UL idlala indima entle ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngesiqinisekiso sokhuseleko lwemveliso.
2. I-FDA
ULawulo lokuTya kunye neDrugs lwaseMelika, lushunqulelwe njenge-FDA. I-FDA yenye yee-arhente ezilawulayo ezisekwe ngurhulumente wase-US ngaphakathi kweSebe lezeMpilo kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu kunye neSebe lezeMpilo kaRhulumente. Uxanduva lwe-FDA kukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya, izithambiso, amachiza, ibhayoloji, izixhobo zonyango, kunye neemveliso zemitha eziveliswe okanye ezingeniswe eMelika.
Ngokwemigaqo, i-FDA iya kunikela inombolo yobhaliso ezinikeleyo kumfaki-sicelo ngamnye ukuze abhalise. Ii-arhente zangaphandle ezithumela ukutya e-United States kufuneka zixelele i-US Food and Drug Administration kwiiyure ze-24 ngaphambi kokufika kwi-port yase-US, ngaphandle koko iya kwalelwa ukungena kwaye ivalelwe kwi-port yokungena.
3. I-ETLETL sisishunqulelo seLebhu zoVavanyo loMbane eUnited States.
Nayiphi na imveliso yombane, yomatshini okanye ye-electromechanical enophawu lokuhlola lwe-ETL ibonisa ukuba ivavanyiwe kwaye ihlangabezana nemigangatho yoshishino efanelekileyo. Ishishini ngalinye linemigangatho yovavanyo eyahlukeneyo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukubonisana neengcali kwiimfuno ezithile zemveliso. Uphawu lokuhlola lwe-ETL lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimveliso zentambo, ebonisa ukuba iphumelele iimvavanyo ezifanelekileyo.
4. FCC
IKomishoni yoNxibelelwano lwe-Federal ilungelelanisa unxibelelwano lwasekhaya kunye nolwamazwe ngamazwe ngokulawula usasazo lukanomathotholo, umabonwakude, unxibelelwano, iisathelayithi, kunye neentambo. Kubandakanya amazwe angaphezu kwama-50 e-United States, eColombia nakwimimandla yayo. Iimveliso ezininzi zezicelo ezingenazingcingo, iimveliso zonxibelelwano, kunye neemveliso zedijithali zifuna imvume yeFCC ukungena kwimarike yase-US.
Isatifikethi seFCC, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiFederal Communications Certification eUnited States. Kuquka iikhompyutha, oomatshini befeksi, izixhobo zombane, izixhobo zokwamkela nokuhanjiswa ngaphandle kwamacingo, iithoyi zokulawula ezingenazingcingo, iifowuni, iikhompyutha zobuqu, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezinokwenzakalisa ukhuseleko lomntu.
Ukuba imveliso ithunyelwa eUnited States, kufuneka ivavanywe kwaye yamkelwe yilabhoratri egunyazisiweyo ngurhulumente ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yobugcisa yeFCC. Abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle kunye nee-arhente zempahla ephumayo bayacelwa ukuba bachaze ukuba isixhobo ngasinye serediyo sithobela imigangatho yeFCC, oko kukuthi, iilayisensi zeFCC.
5. I-TSCA
I-Toxic Substances Control Act, efinyeziweyo njenge-TSCA, yenziwe yi-US Congress ngo-1976 kwaye yaqala ukusebenza ngo-1977. Lo mthetho uyilwayo ujolise ekuqwalaseleni ngokubanzi iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo, ezoqoqosho, kunye nezentlalo zeekhemikhali ezijikeleza ngaphakathi e-United States, kunye nokuthintela "imingcipheko engekho ngqiqweni" kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Emva kohlaziyo oluninzi, i-TSCA ibe ngummiselo obalulekileyo wolawulo olusebenzayo lwemichiza e-United States. Kumashishini aneemveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle e-United States ziwela phantsi kwecandelo lolawulo lwe-TSCA, ukuthotyelwa kwe-TSCA yimfuneko yokuqhuba urhwebo oluqhelekileyo.
Khanada
BSI
I-BSI liZiko lemiGangatho yaseBhritane, lelona qumrhu lakuqala likazwelonke lokubeka emgangathweni. Ayilawulwa ngurhulumente kodwa ifumene inkxaso emandla kurhulumente. I-BSI iqulunqa kwaye ihlaziye imigangatho yaseBrithani kwaye ikhuthaza ukuphunyezwa kwayo.
CSA
I-CSA sisishunqulelo soMbutho weMigangatho waseKhanada, owasekwa ngo-1919 njengombutho wokuqala waseKhanada ongenzi nzuzo ozinikele ekuphuhliseni imigangatho yoshishino.
Iimveliso zombane kunye nezombane ezithengiswa kwimarike yaseMntla Melika zifuna isatifikethi ngokokhuseleko. Okwangoku, i-CSA lelona qumrhu likhulu lezatifiketi zokhuseleko eCanada kwaye lelinye lawona maqumrhu adumileyo okhuseleko emhlabeni. Inokubonelela ngesiqinisekiso sokhuseleko kuzo zonke iintlobo zeemveliso, kubandakanywa oomatshini, izinto zokwakha, izixhobo zombane, izixhobo zekhompyutha, izixhobo zeofisi, ukukhuselwa kwendalo, ukhuseleko lomlilo lonyango, ezemidlalo kunye nokuzonwabisa. I-CSA ibonelele ngeenkonzo zesatifikethi kumawakawaka abavelisi kwihlabathi liphela, kunye namakhulu ezigidi zeemveliso ezinophawu lwe-CSA ezithengiswa ngonyaka kwimarike yaseMntla Melika.
Iziqinisekiso zaseAsia
eTshayina
1. CCC
Ngokuzibophelela kweTshayina ekungeneni kwi-WTO kunye nomgaqo wokubonakalisa unyango lwesizwe, urhulumente usebenzisa uphawu oludityanisiweyo lwesiqinisekiso esisisinyanzelo semveliso. Uphawu olutsha lwesizwe olusisinyanzelo lwesatifikethi lubizwa ngokuba yi "China Compulsory Certification", kunye negama lesiNgesi elithi "China Compulsory Certification" kunye nesishunqulelo sesiNgesi "CCC".
I-China isebenzisa isiqinisekiso semveliso esisinyanzelo kwiimveliso ezili-149 kwiindidi eziphambili ezingama-22. Emva kokuphunyezwa kophawu lwesatifikethi olunyanzelekileyo lwaseTshayina, luya kuthatha indawo yoqobo lwe "Great Wall" kunye nophawu "CCIB".
2. CB
I-CB liqumrhu lesizwe lezatifikethi elivunyiweyo laze lakhutshwa kunye nezatifikethi ze-CB yiKomiti yoLawulo (Mc) ye-International Electrotechnical Commission's Electrical Product Safety Certification Organisation (iEcEE) ngoJuni ka-1991. Izikhululo zovavanyo ezingaphantsi ezili-9 zamkelwe njengeelabhoratri ze-CB (iilebhu zebhodi yesiqinisekiso ). Kuzo zonke iimveliso zombane, okoko nje ishishini lifumana isatifikethi se-CB kunye nengxelo yovavanyo ekhutshwe yikomiti, amazwe angamalungu angama-30 ngaphakathi kwenkqubo ye-IECEE ccB aya kwamkelwa, ngokusisiseko isusa isidingo sokuthumela iisampulu kwilizwe elingenisayo ukuze zivavanywe. Oku konga zombini iindleko kunye nexesha lokufumana isatifikethi sesiqinisekiso esivela kwela lizwe, okuluncedo kakhulu ekuthumeleni iimveliso ngaphandle.
Japhan
PSE
Inkqubo enyanzelekileyo yokufikelela kwimarike yeemveliso zombane zaseJapan ikwayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoMthetho woKhuseleko lweMveliso yoMbane yaseJapan.
Okwangoku, urhulumente waseJapan wahlula iimveliso zombane zibe "ziimveliso zombane ezikhethekileyo" kunye "neemveliso zombane ezingezizo" ngokwemiqathango yoMthetho woKhuseleko lweMveliso yoMbane waseJapan, phakathi kwazo "iimveliso zombane ezikhethekileyo" zibandakanya iintlobo eziyi-115 zeemveliso; Iimveliso zombane ezingangqalanga zibandakanya iintlobo ezingama-338 zeemveliso.
I-PSE ibandakanya iimfuno ze-EMC kunye nokhuseleko. Kwiimveliso ezidweliswe kwikhathalogu "yezixhobo zombane ezikhethekileyo", zingena kwimarike yaseJapan, kufuneka ziqinisekiswe yi-arhente yezatifiketi yomntu wesithathu egunyaziswe nguMphathiswa wezoQoqosho, uRhwebo kunye noShishino lwaseJapan, bafumane isatifikethi sesiqinisekiso, kwaye babe nedayimane emile. PSE logo kwileyibhile.
I-CQC kuphela kwequmrhu lezatifiketi e-China elifake isicelo sogunyaziso lwesatifikethi se-PSE yaseJapan. Okwangoku, iindidi zeemveliso zesatifikethi semveliso ye-PSE yaseJapan efunyenwe yi-CQC ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili: iingcingo kunye neentambo (kubandakanywa neemveliso ze-20), izixhobo zombane (izixhobo zombane, izixhobo zokukhanyisa, njl., kubandakanywa iimveliso ze-38), kunye noomatshini bokusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane. (izixhobo zasekhaya, kubandakanywa neemveliso ezili-12).
eKorea
Inqaku le-KC
NgokoMthetho woLawulo loKhuseleko lweMveliso yoMbane yaseKorea, uLuhlu lweeMveliso zeSiqinisekiso se-KC sohlulahlula isiqinisekiso sokhuseleko semveliso yombane kwisatifikethi esisisinyanzelo kunye nesiqinisekiso sokuzithandela esiqala nge-1 kaJanuwari 2009.
Isiqinisekiso esisisinyanzelo sibhekisa kuzo zonke iimveliso zombane ezikudidi olusisinyanzelo kwaye kufuneka ufumane isiqinisekiso se-KC Mark phambi kokuba zithengiswe kwimarike yaseKorea. Uphicotho lonyaka lwefektri kunye novavanyo lwesampulu yemveliso luyafuneka. Isiqinisekiso sokuzilawula (sokuzithandela) sibhekisa kuzo zonke iimveliso zombane ezizezemveliso ngokuzithandela ezifuna kuphela ukuvavanywa kunye nokuqinisekiswa, kwaye ezingadingi ukuhlolwa kwefektri. Isatifikethi sisebenza iminyaka emi-5.
Ukuqinisekiswa kweminye imimandla
Ostreliya
1. C/A-itikiti
Luphawu lwesatifikethi olukhutshwe yi-Australian Communications Authority (ACA) kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano, kunye nomjikelezo wesatifikethi se-C-tick yeeveki ezi-1-2.
Imveliso iphantsi kovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwe-ACAQ yobugcisa, irejista kunye ne-ACA ukusebenzisa i-A / C-Tick, igcwalise iFomu yokuBhengeza i-Declaration of Conformity, kwaye iyigcine kunye nerekhodi yokuthotyelwa kwemveliso. Ileyibhile enelogo ye-A/C-Tick incanyathiselwe kwimveliso yonxibelelwano okanye kwisixhobo. I-A-Tick ethengiselwa abathengi isebenza kuphela kwiimveliso zonxibelelwano, kwaye iimveliso zombane ubukhulu becala zizicelo ze-C-Tick. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimveliso ze-elektroniki zifaka isicelo se-A-Tick, akukho mfuneko yokuba zenze isicelo se-C-Tick ngokwahlukeneyo. Ukususela ngoNovemba 2001, izicelo ze-EMI ezivela e-Australia / eNew Zealand ziye zadityaniswa; Ukuba imveliso iza kuthengiswa kula mazwe mabini, la maxwebhu alandelayo kufuneka azaliseke phambi kokuthengisa, kwimeko apho i-ACA (i-Australian Communications Authority) okanye i-New Zealand (uMphathiswa woPhuhliso lwezoQoqosho) abasemagunyeni baqhuba uhlolo olungacwangciswanga nangaliphi na ixesha.
Inkqubo ye-EMC e-Australia iyahlula iimveliso zibe ngamanqanaba amathathu, kwaye ababoneleli kufuneka babhalise kwi-ACA kwaye bafake isicelo sokusetyenziswa kwe-logo ye-C-Tick ngaphambi kokuthengisa iNqanaba 2 kunye neNqanaba lesi-3.
2. SAA
Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-SAA ngumbutho osemgangathweni ophantsi koMbutho weMigangatho wase-Australia, ngoko ke abahlobo abaninzi babhekisa kwisiqinisekiso sase-Australia njenge-SAA. I-SAA sisiqinisekiso esiqhele ukujongana neshishini ukuba iimveliso zombane ezingena kwimarike yase-Australia kufuneka zihambelane nemithetho yokhuseleko yasekhaya. Ngenxa yesivumelwano sokuqondana phakathi kweOstreliya neNew Zealand, zonke iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo yiOstreliya zinokungena ngokutyibilikayo kwimakethi yaseNew Zealand ukuze zithengiswe.
Zonke iimveliso zombane kufuneka zifumane isiqinisekiso sokhuseleko (SAA).
Zimbini iindidi eziphambili zeelogo ze-SAA, enye yeyokwamkelwa ngokusesikweni ize enye ibe ziilogo eziqhelekileyo. Isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni sinoxanduva kuphela lweesampulu, ngelixa ukuphawulwa okusemgangathweni kufuna ukuphononongwa kwefektri kumntu ngamnye.
Okwangoku, zimbini iindlela zokufaka isicelo sesiqinisekiso se-SAA eTshayina. Enye kukudlulisela ingxelo yovavanyo lwe-CB. Ukuba akukho ngxelo yovavanyo lweCB, usenokwenza isicelo ngokuthe ngqo. Ngokubanzi, ixesha lokufaka isicelo sesatifikethi se-SAA sase-Australia sezinto eziqhelekileyo zokukhanyisa i-ITAV kunye nezixhobo ezincinci zendlu yiveki ezi-3-4. Ukuba umgangatho wemveliso awuhambisani nemigangatho, umhla unokwandiswa. Xa uthumela ingxelo ukuze ihlaziywe e-Australia, kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ngesatifikethi se-SAA kwiplagi yemveliso (ingakumbi kwiimveliso ezineeplagi), ngaphandle koko ayiyi kuqhutyelwa phambili. Amacandelo abalulekileyo kwimveliso afuna isatifikethi se-SAA, njengesatifiketi se-SAA ye-transformer yokukhanyisa izibane, ngaphandle koko izinto zophicotho zase-Australia aziyi kuvunyelwa.
ISaudi Arabia
SASO
Isishunqulelo seSaudi Arabian Standards Organisation. I-SASO inoxanduva lokuphuhlisa imigangatho yesizwe yazo zonke iimfuno zemihla ngemihla kunye neemveliso, ezikwabandakanya iinkqubo zokulinganisa, iilebhile, njl. Injongo yokuqala yenkqubo yoqinisekiso kunye noqinisekiso kukulungelelanisa imveliso yentlalo, ukuphucula impumelelo yemveliso, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso loqoqosho ngeendlela ezisemgangathweni ezifana nemigangatho emanyeneyo, imigaqo yobugcisa, kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo lwesiqinisekiso.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-17-2024