Izatifikethi ezili-13 eziphezulu zokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nee-arhente ekufuneka oosomashishini borhwebo lwangaphandle bazazi

Ukuba imveliso ifuna ukungena kwimarike ekujoliswe kuyo kwaye yonwabele ukukhuphisana, enye yezitshixo kukuba ingaba ingalufumana na uphawu lwesiqinisekiso sequmrhu lezatifiketi eligunyazisiweyo lamazwe ngamazwe. Nangona kunjalo, iziqinisekiso kunye nemigangatho efunwa ziimarike ezahlukeneyo kunye neendidi zeemveliso ezahlukeneyo zahlukile. Kunzima ukwazi zonke iziqinisekiso ngexesha elifutshane. Umhleli uhlele i-13 yezatifikethi eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa ngaphandle kunye namaziko kubahlobo bethu. Masifunde kunye.

1, CE

CE (Conformite Europeenne) imele Umanyano lwaseYurophu. Uphawu lwe-CE luphawu lwesiqinisekiso sokhuseleko kwaye luthathwa njengepaspoti yokuba abavelisi bavule kwaye bangene kwimarike yaseYurophu. Zonke iimveliso ezinophawu lwe-CE zinokuthengiswa kumazwe angamalungu aseYurophu ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana neemfuno zelizwe ngalinye elilungu, ngaloo ndlela ukuqonda ukujikeleziswa kwempahla simahla kumazwe angamalungu e-EU.

Kwimarike ye-EU, uphawu lwe-CE sisiqinisekiso esisisinyanzelo. Nokuba yimveliso eveliswe lishishini ngaphakathi kwe-EU okanye imveliso evela kwamanye amazwe, ukuba iza kusasazwa ngokukhululekileyo kwimarike ye-EU, uphawu lwe-CE kufuneka luncanyathiselwe ukubonisa ukuba imveliso iyahambelana ne-EU's “Technical Harmonization” ye-EU. . Iimfuno ezisisiseko zeNdlela eNtsha yoMyalelo woMgangatho. Le yimfuneko enyanzelekileyo kwiimveliso eziphantsi komthetho we-EU.

Ezi mveliso zilandelayo kufuneka ziphawulwe CE:

• Iimveliso zombane

• Iimveliso zoomatshini

• Iimveliso zokudlala

• Izixhobo zesikhululo sikanomathotholo nonxibelelwano

• Isixhobo sokukhenkcisa nesokukhenkcisa

• Izixhobo zokuzikhusela

• Inqanawa yoxinzelelo elula

• Ibhoyila yamanzi ashushu

• Izixhobo zoxinzelelo

• Isikhephe sokuzonwabisa

• Iimveliso zokwakha

• Izixhobo zonyango zokuxilonga kwi-in vitro

• Izixhobo zonyango ezifakelwayo

• Izixhobo zombane zonyango

• Izixhobo zokuphakamisa

• Izixhobo zegesi

• Izixhobo zokuweyisha ezingezizo ezizenzekelayo

Qaphela: Ukumakishwa kwe-CE akwamkelwa e-USA, eCanada, eJapan, eSingapore, eKorea, njl.

2, RoHS

Igama elipheleleyo le-RoHS nguMthintelo wokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezithile ezinobungozi kwiZixhobo zoMbane kunye ne-Electronic, oko kukuthi, uMyalelo wokuThintelwa kokuSetyenziswa kwezinto ezithile ezinobungozi kwiZixhobo zoMbane kunye nezoMbane, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-2002/95/ EC Umyalelo. Ngo-2005, i-EU yongezelela i-2002/95/EC ngendlela yeSigqibo 2005/618/EC, echaza ngokucacileyo ilothe (Pb), i-cadmium (Cd), i-mercury (Hg), i-chromium enehexavalent (Cr6+), i-polybrominated Maximum limits for izinto ezinobungozi ezintandathu, idiphenyl ether (PBDE) kunye nepolybrominated iibiphenyls (PBB).

I-RoHS ijolise kuzo zonke iimveliso zombane neze-elektroniki ezinokuthi ziqulathe ezi zinto zingentla ziyingozi kwimathiriyeli kunye neenkqubo zemveliso, ingakumbi ezibandakanya: iimpahla ezimhlophe (ezifana neefriji, oomatshini bokuhlamba, ii-oveni zemicrowave, izicondisi-moya, izicoci zofunxa, izifudumezi zamanzi, njl.njl. ), izixhobo zasendlini ezimnyama (ezifana neemveliso zeaudio kunye nevidiyo) , iDVD, iCD, abamkeli beTV, iimveliso ze-IT, iimveliso zedijithali, iimveliso zonxibelelwano, njl. njl.), izixhobo zombane, umbane amathoyizi e-elektroniki kunye nezixhobo zombane zonyango, njl.

3, UL

I-UL imfutshane kwi-Underwriter Laboratories Inc. ngesiNgesi. ILabhoratri yoKhuseleko ye-UL yeyona nto inegunya eUnited States kunye nombutho omkhulu ongekho phantsi korhulumente obandakanyeka kuvavanyo lokhuseleko kunye nokuchongwa kwihlabathi.

Isebenzisa iindlela zovavanyo lwezenzululwazi ukufunda nokumisela ukuba ngaba izinto ezahlukeneyo, izixhobo, iimveliso, amaziko, izakhiwo, njl.njl. ziyingozi kubomi nakwipropathi kunye nenqanaba lokwenzakala; misela, bhala, kwaye ukhuphe imigangatho ehambelanayo kwaye uncede ukunciphisa kunye nokuthintela ukulimala okusongela ubomi. Ulwazi ngomonakalo wepropathi, kunye nokwenza ishishini lokufumana inyaniso.

Ngamafutshane, ibandakanyeka ikakhulu kwisiqinisekiso sokhuseleko lwemveliso kunye neshishini lezatifikethi zokhuseleko lokusebenza, kwaye eyona njongo yayo kukufumana iimveliso ezinomgangatho okhuselekileyo wentengiso, kunye negalelo kwingqinisekiso yempilo yomntu kunye nokhuseleko lwepropathi. Ngokubhekiselele ekubeni isiqinisekiso sokhuseleko lwemveliso yindlela esebenzayo yokuphelisa imiqobo yobugcisa kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, i-UL idlala indima ebonakalayo ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.

4, CCC

Igama elipheleleyo le-CCC sisiQinisekiso esiSinyanzelo saseTshayina, esisisivumelwano se-WTO saseTshayina kwaye sibonakalisa umgaqo wonyango lwesizwe. Ilizwe lisebenzisa isiqinisekiso semveliso esisisinyanzelo kwiimveliso ezili-149 kwiindidi ezingama-22. Igama lophawu olutsha lwesizwe olusisinyanzelo lwesatifikethi “yiSiqinisekiso esiSinyanzelo saseTshayina”. Emva kokuphunyezwa koPhawu lweSiqinisekiso esiSinyanzelo saseTshayina, luya kuthatha indawo kancinane indawo yoqobo lwe "Wall Wall" kunye nophawu "CCIB".

5, GS

Igama elipheleleyo le-GS nguGeprufte Sicherheit (ukhuseleko oluqinisekisiweyo), oluluphawu lwesatifikethi sokhuseleko olukhutshwe yi-TÜV, VDE kunye namanye amaziko agunyaziswe nguMphathiswa wezoSebenzi waseJamani. Uphawu lwe-GS luphawu lokhuseleko olwamkelwa ngabathengi baseYurophu. Ngesiqhelo iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo ze-GS zithengiswa ngexabiso eliphezulu kwaye zithandwa kakhulu.

Isiqinisekiso se-GS sineemfuno ezingqongqo kwinkqubo yoqinisekiso lomgangatho wefektri, kwaye umzi-mveliso kufuneka ujongiwe kwaye uhlolwe rhoqo ngonyaka:

• Umzi-mveliso uyafuneka ukuba useke eyawo inkqubo yoqinisekiso lomgangatho ngokomgangatho wenkqubo ye-ISO9000 xa uthumela ngenqanawa ngobuninzi. Umzi-mveliso kufuneka ubuncinci ube nenkqubo yawo yokulawula umgangatho, iirekhodi zomgangatho kunye namanye amaxwebhu kunye nobuchule obaneleyo bemveliso kunye nokuhlola;

• Phambi kokukhupha isatifikethi se-GS, umzi-mveliso omtsha kufuneka uhlolwe kwaye isiqinisekiso se-GS siya kukhutshwa kuphela emva kokuphumelela uhlolo;

• Emva kokuba isatifikethi sikhutshiwe, umzi-mveliso uya kuhlolwa kanye ngonyaka ubuncinane. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba mangaphi amanqaku e-TUV efektri esebenza kuwo, ukuhlolwa kwefektri kufuna kuphela ixesha eli-1.

Iimveliso ekufuneka zifake isicelo sesiqinisekiso se-GS zezi:

• Izixhobo zasekhaya ezifana neefriji, oomatshini bokuhlamba, izinto zasekhitshini, njl.njl.;

• Oomatshini basekhaya;

• Impahla yezemidlalo;

• Izixhobo zombane zasekhaya ezifana nezixhobo ezimanyelwayo nezibonwayo;

• Izixhobo zeofisi zombane neze-elektroniki ezifana neekopi, oomatshini befeksi, iishredders, iikhompyutha, iiprinta, njl.njl.;

• Oomatshini bemizi-mveliso, izixhobo zovavanyo lovavanyo;

• Ezinye iimveliso ezinxulumene nokhuseleko ezifana neebhayisekile, izigcina-ntloko, iileli, ifenitshala, njl.

6, PSE

Isiqinisekiso se-PSE (esibizwa ngoKhuseleko lweMveliso yesiXhobo soMbane kunye neZixhobo) (esibizwa ngokuba “kukuhlolwa ukufaneleka” eJapan) yinkqubo enyanzelekileyo yokufikelela kwimarike yezixhobo zombane eJapan, kwaye iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoMthetho weZixhobo zoMbane waseJapan kunye noKhuseleko lweZixhobo. . Okwangoku, urhulumente waseJapan uyahlula-hlula izixhobo zombane zibe “ziizixhobo zombane ezikhethekileyo” kunye “nezixhobo zombane ezingezizo ezodwa” ngokoMthetho waseJapan othi “Electrical Appliances Safety Law”, apho “izixhobo zombane ezikhethekileyo” ziquka iimveliso ezili-115; "izixhobo zombane ezingezizo ezodwa" Kubandakanya iimveliso ezingama-338.

I-PSE ibandakanya iimfuno ze-EMC kunye nokhuseleko. Zonke iimveliso ezizezekhathalogu "yeZixhobo zoMbane eziKhethekileyo kunye neMathiriyeli" ezingena kwimarike yaseJapan kufuneka ziqinisekiswe yi-arhente yezatifiketi yomntu wesithathu egunyaziswe nguMphathiswa wezoQoqosho, uRhwebo kunye noShishino lwaseJapan, ufumane isatifikethi sesiqinisekiso, kwaye ube nedayimane- iphawulwe PSE kwileyibhile.

I-CQC kuphela kwequmrhu lezatifiketi e-China elifake isicelo sokugunyaziswa kwesatifikethi se-PSE yaseJapan. Okwangoku, iindidi zeemveliso zesatifikethi semveliso ye-PSE yaseJapan efunyenwe yi-CQC ziindidi ezintathu: ucingo kunye nentambo (kubandakanywa neentlobo ezingama-20 zeemveliso), izixhobo zombane (izixhobo zombane, izixhobo zombane, njl., kubandakanywa iintlobo ezingama-38 zeemveliso), umbane oomatshini bokufaka umbane kunye nezixhobo (izixhobo zasekhaya, kubandakanywa neemveliso ezili-12), njl.

7, FCC

I-FCC (iKomishoni yoNxibelelwano lwe-Federal), i-Federal Communications Commission yase-United States, ilungelelanisa unxibelelwano lwasekhaya kunye nolwamazwe ngamazwe ngokulawula usasazo lukanomathotholo, umabonwakude, unxibelelwano, iisathelayithi kunye neentambo. Igubungela ngaphezu kwama-50 e-US States, Columbia, kunye ne-US imimandla. Iimveliso ezininzi zesicelo sikanomathotholo, iimveliso zonxibelelwano kunye neemveliso zedijithali zifuna imvume yeFCC ukungena kwimarike yase-US.

Isatifikethi seFCC sikwabizwa ngokuba siSiqinisekiso soNxibelelwano lwase-US. Kubandakanya iikhompyutha, oomatshini befeksi, izixhobo zombane, izixhobo zokwamkela unomathotholo kunye nezixhobo zokusasaza, iithoyi ezilawulwa ngunomathotholo, iifowuni, iikhompyutha zobuqu, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezinokwenzakalisa ukhuseleko lomntu. Ukuba ezi mveliso ziza kuthunyelwa eUnited States, kufuneka zivavanywe kwaye zamkelwe yilabhoratri egunyaziswe ngurhulumente ngokwemigangatho yobugcisa yeFCC. Abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle kunye nee-arhente zempahla ephumayo bayacelwa ukuba bachaze ukuba isixhobo ngasinye serediyo sithobela imigangatho yeFCC, eyaziwa njengelayisensi yeFCC.

8, SAA

Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-SAA ngumzimba wemigangatho wase-Australia kwaye uqinisekiswa nguMbutho weMigangatho yase-Australia, oku kuthetha ukuba zonke iimveliso zombane ezingena kwimarike yase-Australia kufuneka zihambelane nemimiselo yokhuseleko lwasekhaya. Ngenxa yesivumelwano sokuqondana phakathi kweOstreliya neNew Zealand, zonke iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo yiOstreliya zinokungena ngokutyibilikayo kwimakethi yaseNew Zealand ukuze zithengiswe. Zonke iimveliso zombane ziphantsi koqinisekiso lwe-SAA.

Zimbini iindidi eziphambili zamanqaku e-SAA, enye yeyokuvunywa ngokusesikweni ( formal approval ) ize enye ibe ngamanqaku amiselweyo. Isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni sinoxanduva kuphela lweesampulu, kwaye amanqaku asemgangathweni aphantsi kokuhlolwa kwefektri. Okwangoku, zimbini iindlela zokufaka isicelo sesiqinisekiso se-SAA eTshayina. Enye kukudlulisa ngengxelo yovavanyo lweCB. Ukuba akukho ngxelo yovavanyo lweCB, usenokwenza isicelo ngokuthe ngqo.

9, SASO

I-SASO sisishunqulelo soMbutho weMigangatho weSaudi Arabia yesiNgesi, oko kukuthi, iSaudi Arabian Standards Organisation. I-SASO inoxanduva lokuqulunqa imigangatho yesizwe yazo zonke iimfuno zemihla ngemihla kunye neemveliso, kwaye imigangatho ikwabandakanya iinkqubo zokulinganisa, iilebhile, njl.njl. Oku kwabelwana ngako ngumhleli kwisikolo sangaphambili sorhwebo lwangaphandle. Cofa inqaku ukujonga: isaqhwithi esichasene norhwaphilizo saseSaudi Arabia, sinento yokwenza nabantu bethu abarhweba bangaphandle?

10, ISO9000

Usapho lwemigangatho ye-ISO9000 lukhutshwe yi-International Organisation for Standardization (ISO), kwaye ukuphunyezwa kwe-GB/T19000-ISO9000 yemigangatho yentsapho kunye nokuqinisekiswa komgangatho kuye kwaba ngumxholo oshushu kwizoqoqosho kunye nezoshishino. Enyanisweni, ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho kunembali ende, kwaye kuyimveliso yoqoqosho lwemarike. Isiqinisekiso somgangatho yincwadana yokundwendwela yokungena kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Namhlanje, usapho lwe-ISO9000 lweenkqubo zomgangatho osemgangathweni lube yenye yezinto ezingundoqo ezingenakungahoywa kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.

11, VDE

Igama elipheleleyo le-VDE yi-VDE Testing and Certification Institute, enguMbutho waseJamani weeNjineli zoMbane. Lelinye lawona maziko anamava ovavanyo kunye namaziko ovavanyo eYurophu. Njengombutho ovunyiweyo wehlabathi wovavanyo lokhuseleko kunye nesatifikethi sezixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye namacandelo azo, i-VDE yonwabela udumo oluphezulu eYurophu nakwamanye amazwe. Uluhlu lwemveliso oluvavanyayo lubandakanya izixhobo zombane zokusetyenziswa kwendlu kunye nezorhwebo, izixhobo ze-IT, izixhobo zeteknoloji yezoshishino kunye nezonyango, izixhobo zokuhlanganisa kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki, iingcingo kunye neentambo, njl.

12, CSA

CSA sisishunqulelo seCanadian Standards Association (Canadian Standards Association). I-CSA okwangoku lelona qumrhu likhulu lesiqinisekiso sokhuseleko eCanada kwaye lelinye lawona maqumrhu aziwa kakhulu okhuseleko ehlabathini. Ibonelela ngesiqinisekiso sokhuseleko kuzo zonke iintlobo zeemveliso kumatshini, izinto zokwakha, izixhobo zombane, izixhobo zekhompyuter, izixhobo zeofisi, ukukhuselwa kwendalo, ukhuseleko lomlilo lonyango, ezemidlalo kunye nokuzonwabisa.

Uluhlu lwemveliso eqinisekisiweyo yeCSA lugxile kwiindawo ezisibhozo:

1. Ukuphila kwabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo, kubandakanywa impilo kunye nokhuseleko emsebenzini, ukhuseleko loluntu, ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kwezixhobo zemidlalo kunye nokuzonwabisa, kunye neteknoloji yokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

2. Umbane kunye ne-elektroniki, kubandakanywa nemimiselo yokufakelwa kwezixhobo zombane kwizakhiwo, ezahlukeneyo zoshishino kunye nezorhwebo zombane kunye neemveliso zombane.

3. Unxibelelwano kunye nolwazi, kubandakanywa iinkqubo zokuhlala zokuhlala, unxibelelwano kunye neteknoloji yokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kunye nezixhobo.

4. Izakhiwo zokwakha, kubandakanywa izinto zokwakha kunye neemveliso, iimveliso zoluntu, ikhonkrithi, izakhiwo zamatye, izifakelo zemibhobho kunye noyilo lwezakhiwo.

5. Amandla, kubandakanywa ukuhlaziywa nokudluliselwa kwamandla, ukutshiswa kwamafutha, izixhobo zokhuseleko kunye nobuchwepheshe bamandla enyukliya.

6. Iinkqubo zothutho kunye nokuhanjiswa, kubandakanywa ukhuseleko lwemoto, iipayipi ze-oyile kunye negesi, ukuphathwa kwezinto kunye nokusabalalisa, kunye nezibonelelo zangaphandle.

7. Itekhnoloji yezixhobo, kubandakanya i-welding kunye ne-metallurgy.

8. Iinkqubo zolawulo lweshishini kunye nemveliso, kubandakanywa nolawulo lomgangatho kunye nobunjineli obusisiseko.

13, TÜV

TÜV (Technischer überwachüngs-Verein) uthetha uMbutho woHlolo lobuGcisa ngesiNgesi. Uphawu lwe-TÜV luphawu lwesiqinisekiso sokhuseleko oluyilwe ngokukodwa yi-TÜV yaseJamani i-TÜV yeemveliso zecandelo kwaye yamkelwa ngokubanzi eJamani naseYurophu.

Xa ishishini lifaka isicelo sophawu lwe-TÜV, linokufaka isicelo sesatifikethi se-CB kunye, kwaye ke lifumane izatifikethi ezivela kwamanye amazwe ngoguqulo. Ukongeza, emva kokuba iimveliso zigqithise isiqinisekiso, i-TÜV yaseJamani iya kucebisa ezi mveliso kubavelisi bokulungisa abaza kukhangela ababoneleli becandelo abafanelekileyo; ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqinisekisa umatshini wonke, onke amacandelo afumene uphawu lwe-TÜV anokukhululwa ekuhlolweni.