Yintoni eyenza i-polyvinyl chloride kwizihlangu kunye nempahla

I-PVC yayikhe yaba yeyona plasitiki inkulu ehlabathini kwimveliso nesetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizinto zokwakha, iimveliso zoshishino, iimfuno zemihla ngemihla, ngesikhumba somgangatho, iithayile zomgangatho, isikhumba sokwenziwa, imibhobho, iingcingo kunye neentambo, iifilimu zokupakisha, iibhotile, izinto ezinogwebu, izinto zokutywina, iifayibha kunye nezinye iindawo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngo-Oktobha 27, i-2017, uluhlu lwe-carcinogen olupapashwe yi-International Agency for Research on Cancer ye-World Health Organization (WHO) yayihlanganiswe ngaphambili kwaye ibhekiselele, kwaye i-PVC ifakwe kuluhlu lwe-Class 3 carcinogen.I-vinyl chloride, njengento ekrwada yePVC synthesis, idweliswe kuluhlu lweKlasi I carcinogen.

01 Imithombo yezinto zevinyl chloride kwiimveliso zezihlangu

I-vinyl chloride, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-vinyl chloride, i-organic compound kunye ne-chemical formula C2H3Cl. I-monomer ebalulekileyo kwi-polymer chemistry kwaye inokufumaneka kwi-ethylene okanye i-acetylene. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukwenza iihomopolymers kunye neecopolymers zepolyvinyl chloride. Inokuthi yenziwe i-copolymerized nge-vinyl acetate, i-butadiene, njl., kwaye ingaba nayo.isetyenziswa njengento ekhupha idayi kunye neziqholo.Isenokusetyenziswa njenge-comonomer kwiipolymer ezahlukeneyo. Nangona i-vinyl chloride iyinto ebalulekileyo ekrwada kwishishini leplastiki, inokusetyenziswa njengefriji, njl njl. Kwimveliso yezicathulo kunye neemveliso zempahla, i-vinyl chloride isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) kunye ne-vinyl polymers, enokuba yinto enzima okanye eguquguqukayo. Usetyenziso olunokwenzeka lwePVC lubandakanya ushicilelo lwescreen seplastiki, amacandelo eplastiki, kunye neengubo ezahlukeneyo zesikhumba, ufele lokwenziwa, kunye namalaphu.

Intsalela ye-vinyl chloride monomer kwizinto ezenziwe kwi-vinyl chloride inokukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza kwizinto eziphathekayo, ezinempembelelo kwimpilo yabathengi kunye nokusingqongileyo kwendalo.

02 Iingozi zezinto zevinyl chloride

I-vinyl chloride inokuthatha inxaxheba kwi-photochemical smog reactions kwimo engqongileyo, kodwa ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo okunamandla, iyakwazi ukufota kwi-atmosfera. I-Vinyl chloride monomer ibeka imingcipheko eyahlukeneyo kubasebenzi kunye nabathengi, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-monomer kunye nendlela yokuvezwa. I-Chloroethylene yirhasi engenambala kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, inobumnandi obungephi malunga ne-3000 ppm. Ukubonakaliswa ngokukhawuleza (ixesha elifutshane) kwiindawo eziphezulu ze-vinyl chloride emoyeni kunokuba nefuthe kwinkqubo ye-nervous central (CNS),ezifana nesiyezi, ukozela, nentloko ebuhlungu. Ukuphefumla ixesha elide kunye nokuvezwa kwi-vinyl chloride kunokubangela umhlaza wesibindi.

Okwangoku, iimarike zaseYurophu kunye neMelika zigxininise ekusebenziseni i-vinyl chloride monomers kwizinto ze-PVC kunye nezinto zazo, kwaye zisebenzise ulawulo lwezomthetho. Uninzi lweempawu zamazwe ngamazwe ezaziwayo zifuna ukuba izinto zePVC zithintelwe kwiimveliso zabo zabathengi. Ukuba i-PVC okanye izinto eziqukethe i-PVC ziyimfuneko ngenxa yezizathu zobuchwepheshe, umxholo we-vinyl chloride monomers kwizinto eziphathekayo kufuneka ulawulwe. IQela eliSebenzayo laMazwe ngaMazwe eRSL leMpahla kunye nezihlangu ze-AFIRM, uHlelo lwesi-7 lowama-2022, lifuna ukubaUmxholo weVCM kwimathiriyeli akufuneki udlule kwi-1ppm.

Abavelisi kunye namashishini kufuneka bomeleze ulawulo lwekhonkco lokubonelela,ngogqaliselo oluthile kunye nokulawula umxholo wevinyl chloride monomers kwizinto zePVC, ushicilelo lweplastiki yesikrini, amacandelo eplastiki, kunye neengubo ezahlukeneyo zePVC kwisikhumba, ngesikhumba sokwenziwa, kunye namalaphu.. Kwangaxeshanye, kuyafuneka ukuba ubeke ingqalelo ekuphuculweni kweenkqubo zokuvelisa, ukuphucula inkqubo yokulawula umgangatho, nokuphucula ngakumbi umgangatho wokhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wokuthobela iimfuno zolawulo olufanelekileyo.