Zininzi kakhulu kwaye zimdaka iisistim ze-ISO zesikhokelo, andikwazi ukuqonda ukuba yeyiphi emandiyenze? Akhongxaki! Namhlanje, makhe sichaze nganye nganye, ukuba zeziphi iinkampani ekufuneka zenze uhlobo lwesatifikethi senkqubo efanelekileyo kakhulu. Musa ukuchitha imali ngokungekho sikweni, kwaye ungaphoswa ngezatifikethi eziyimfuneko!
Icandelo 1 ISO9001 Inkqubo yoLawulo loMgangatho
Umgangatho we-ISO9001 usebenza jikelele, oko akuthethi ukuba umgangatho we-9000 unamandla onke, kodwa ngenxa yokuba i-9001 ngumgangatho osisiseko kunye nokubaluleka kwesayensi yokulawula umgangatho wentshona.
Ifanelekile kumashishini ajolise kwimveliso, kunye namashishini eenkonzo, iinkampani ezidibeneyo, iinkampani zentengiso, njl.
Ngokubanzi, umgangatho we-ISO9001 ufanelekile ngakumbi kumashishini ajolise kwimveliso kuba umxholo osemgangathweni kulula ukuhambelana nawo, kwaye inkqubo yembalelwano icacile, ngoko kukho imvakalelo yokuhambelana neemfuno.
Iinkampani zokuthengisa zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: iinkampani zokuthengisa ezicocekileyo kunye nemveliso yokuthengisa.
Ukuba yinkampani yokuthengisa ecocekileyo, iimveliso zayo zithengiswa ngaphandle okanye zithengiwe, kwaye iimveliso zabo ziinkonzo zokuthengisa, kunokuvelisa imveliso. Ngoko ke, inkqubo yokucwangcisa kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo ubuninzi bemveliso (inkqubo yokuthengisa), eya kwenza inkqubo yokucwangcisa ibe ngcono.
Ukuba lishishini lokuthengisa elijolise kwimveliso ebandakanya imveliso, zombini iinkqubo zemveliso kunye nentengiso kufuneka zicwangciswe ngaphakathi. Ngoko ke, xa ufaka isicelo sesatifikethi se-ISO9001, iinkampani ezithengisayo kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo iimveliso zazo kwaye zahlule kumashishini ajolise kwimveliso.
Lilonke, kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani beshishini okanye ishishini, onke amashishini ngoku alungele isiqinisekiso se-ISO9001, esinoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kwaye lufanelekile kulo naliphi na ishishini. Ikwasisiseko kunye nesiseko sophuhliso kunye nokukhula kwawo onke amashishini.
Kumashishini ahlukeneyo, i-ISO9001 ifumene imigangatho eyahlukeneyo esulungekisiweyo, efana nemigangatho yenkqubo yomgangatho wemizi-mveliso yeemoto kunye nezonyango.
Icandelo 2 ISO14001 Inkqubo yoLawulo lokusiNgqongileyo
ISO14001 iSiqinisekiso seNkqubo yoLawulo lokusiNgqongileyo sisebenza kuwo nawuphi na umbutho, kubandakanywa amashishini, amaziko, kunye neeyunithi ezifanelekileyo zikarhulumente;
Emva kokuqinisekiswa, kunokungqinwa ukuba umbutho ufikelele kwimigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kulawulo lokusingqongileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulawulo lwezinto ezingcolisayo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, iimveliso kunye nemisebenzi yeshishini ihlangabezana neemfuno ezifanelekileyo, kunye nokuseka umfanekiso omhle wentlalo yeshishini.
Imiba yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo iya ifumana ingqwalasela ebantwini. Ukusukela oko i-International Organisation for Standardization ikhuphe i-ISO14001 yoMgangatho weNkqubo yoLawulo lokusiNgqongileyo kunye neminye imigangatho enxulumeneyo, baye bafumana impendulo ebanzi kunye nengqalelo evela kumazwe kwihlabathi liphela.
Amashishini amaninzi nagxininisa kugcino lwamandla okusingqongileyo aphumeze ngokuzithandela inkqubo yolawulo lwendalo esingqongileyo ISO14001.
Ngokubanzi, kukho iimeko ezininzi apho amashishini aphumeza inkqubo ye-ISO14001 yolawulo lokusingqongileyo:
1. Nika ingqalelo ekukhuselweni kwendalo, ithemba lokuqonda ngokusisiseko uthintelo longcoliseko kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo ngokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yolawulo lokusingqongileyo, nokukhuthaza inkqubo yamashishini ukuphuhlisa iimveliso ezicocekileyo, ukwamkela iinkqubo ezicocekileyo, ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezisebenzayo, kunye nokulahla inkunkuma ngokufanelekileyo. .
2. Iimfuno ezivela kumaqela afanelekileyo. Kwiimfuno ezinje ngababoneleli, abathengi, ukubhida, njalo njalo, amashishini kufuneka abonelele ngesiqinisekiso senkqubo yolawulo lwendalo esingqongileyo ISO14001.
3. Ukuphucula inqanaba lolawulo lweshishini kunye nokukhuthaza inguqu yemodeli yolawulo lwamashishini. Ngokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo eyahlukeneyo, siluphucula ngokupheleleyo ulawulo lwethu lweendleko.
Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yolawulo lwendalo esingqongileyo ISO14001 sisiqinisekiso sokuzithandela esinokuthi siphunyezwe nalo naliphi na ishishini elidinga ukuphuculwa ukuze liphucule ukubonakala kwalo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho walo wolawulo.
Icandelo 3 ISO45001 Inkqubo yoLawulo lweMpilo noKhuseleko eMsebenzini
I-ISO45001 ngumgangatho wokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwehlabathi kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lwezempilo, inguqulelo entsha yenkqubo yokuqala yolawulo lwempilo nokhuseleko (OHSAS18001), esebenza kuwo nawuphi na umbutho womgangatho wenkqubo yolawulo lwempilo nokhuseleko emsebenzini,
Injongo kukunciphisa nokuthintela ilahleko yobomi, impahla, ixesha, kunye nomonakalo wokusingqongileyo obangelwa ziingozi ngolawulo.
Sidla ngokubhekisela kwiinkqubo ezintathu ezinkulu ISO9001, ISO14001, kunye ne-ISO45001 kunye njengeenkqubo ezintathu (ekwaziwa ngokuba yimigangatho emithathu).
Le migangatho mithathu yenkqubo isetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kwaye abanye oorhulumente basekhaya baya kubonelela ngenkxaso-mali kumashishini aqinisekisiweyo.
Icandelo 4 GT50430 Engineering Construction Quality Management System
Naliphi na ishishini elibandakanyeka kubunjineli bokwakha, ubunjineli bendlela kunye nebhulorho, ukufakwa kwezixhobo kunye nezinye iiprojekthi ezinxulumene nazo kufuneka zibe neziqinisekiso zemfundo ezihambelanayo, kubandakanya ne-GB/T50430 inkqubo yokwakha.
Kwimisebenzi yokubhida, ukuba ulishishini kushishino lokwakha lobunjineli, ndiyakholelwa ukuba awuqhelananga nesatifikethi se-GB/T50430, ngakumbi ukuba nezatifikethi ezithathu kunokuphucula amanqaku okuphumelela kunye nezinga lokuphumelela.
Icandelo 5 ISO27001 Information Security Management System
Ishishini elinolwazi njengomsebenzi walo:
1. Ishishini lezemali: ibhanki, i-inshurensi, izibambiso, iimali, ikamva, njl
2. Imboni yoNxibelelwano: i-telecommunications, i-China Netcom, i-China Mobile, i-China Unicom, njl
3. Iinkampani zengxowa yesikhumba: urhwebo lwangaphandle, ukungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle, HR, headhunting, iifemu accounting, njl.
Amashishini athembele kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bolwazi:
1. Steel, Semiconductor, Logistics
2. Umbane, Amandla
3. Ukuthengiswa kwangaphandle (i-ITO okanye i-BPO): i-IT, isoftware, i-IDC yonxibelelwano, iziko lokufowuna, ukungena kwedatha, ukusetyenzwa kwedatha, njl.
Iimfuno eziphezulu zetekhnoloji yenkqubo kwaye zifunwa ngabakhuphisana nabo:
1. Amayeza, iiMichiza ezilungileyo
2. Amaziko ophando
Ukwazisa inkqubo yolawulo lokhuseleko lolwazi kunokulungelelanisa imiba eyahlukeneyo yolawulo lolwazi, ukwenza ulawulo lusebenze ngakumbi. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lolwazi akukhona nje ngokuba ne-firewall okanye ukufumana inkampani ebonelela ngeenkonzo zokhuseleko lolwazi 24/7. Ifuna ulawulo olubanzi nolubanzi.
Icandelo 6 ISO20000 Information Technology Service Management System
I-ISO20000 ngumgangatho wokuqala wamazwe ngamazwe malunga neemfuno zeenkqubo zolawulo lwenkonzo ye-IT. Ithobela ingcamango "yokujoliswe kubathengi, inkqubo egxile" kwaye igxininisa ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kweenkonzo ze-IT ezinikezelwa yimibutho ngokuhambelana ne-PDCA (Deming Quality) methodology.
Injongo yalo kukubonelela ngomzekelo wokuseka, ukuphumeza, ukusebenza, ukubeka iliso, ukuphonononga, ukugcina nokuphucula iNkqubo yoLawulo lweeNkonzo ze-IT (ITSM).
Isiqinisekiso se-ISO 20000 sifanelekile kubaboneleli benkonzo ye-IT, nokuba bangamasebe angaphakathi e-IT okanye ababoneleli benkonzo bangaphandle, kubandakanywa (kodwa kungaphelelanga) ezi ndidi zilandelayo:
1. Umboneleli wenkonzo ye-IT
2. Abadibanisi benkqubo ye-IT kunye nabaphuhlisi besoftware
3. Ababoneleli ngenkonzo ye-IT yangaphakathi okanye amasebe axhasa imisebenzi ye-IT kwishishini
Icandelo 7ISO22000 Inkqubo yoLawulo loKhuseleko lokutya
Isatifikethi se-ISO22000 seNkqubo yoLawulo loKhuseleko loKutya sesinye sezatifikethi ezibalulekileyo kushishino lokutya.
Inkqubo ye-ISO22000 iyasebenza kuyo yonke imibutho kulo lonke ikhonkco lokubonelela ngokutya, kubandakanywa ukusetyenzwa kwesondlo, ukusetyenzwa kwemveliso yokuqala, ukuveliswa kokutya, ukuthutha, kunye nokugcinwa, kunye nabathengisi kunye neshishini lokutya.
Isenokusetyenziswa njengesiseko esisemgangathweni semibutho ukuba iqhube uphicotho lomntu wesithathu kubaboneleli bayo, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa isiqinisekiso sorhwebo somntu wesithathu.
Icandelo 8 Uhlalutyo lweengozi ze-HACCP kunye neNkqubo yokuLawula okuPhambili
Inkqubo ye-HACCP yinkqubo yothintelo lokhuseleko lokutya evavanya iingozi ezinokubakho ezinokuthi zenzeke kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kokutya emva koko ilawule.
Le nkqubo ijolise ikakhulu kumashishini okuvelisa ukutya, ijolise kucoceko kunye nokhuseleko lwazo zonke iinkqubo kwikhonkco lokuvelisa (uxanduva lokhuseleko lobomi lwabathengi).
Nangona zombini iinkqubo ze-ISO22000 kunye ne-HACCP zikudidi lolawulo lokhuseleko lokutya, kukho iyantlukwano kububanzi besicelo sabo: inkqubo ye-ISO22000 iyasebenza kumashishini ahlukeneyo, ngelixa inkqubo ye-HACCP inokusetyenziswa kuphela kumashishini okutya kunye namashishini anxulumeneyo.
Icandelo 9 IATF16949 Inkqubo yoLawulo loMgangatho woShishino lweemoto
Amashishini alungele isiqinisekiso senkqubo ye-IATF16949 abandakanya: abavelisi beemoto, iilori, iibhasi, izithuthuthu kunye neenxalenye kunye nezixhobo.
Amashishini angafanelekanga kwisiqinisekiso senkqubo ye-IATF16949 abandakanya: ishishini (i-forklift), ezolimo (ilori encinci), ulwakhiwo (isithuthi sobunjineli), imigodi, amahlathi kunye nabanye abavelisi bezithuthi.
Amashishini emveliso exubeneyo, kuphela inxalenye encinci yeemveliso zabo ezibonelelwa kubenzi beemoto, kwaye banokufumana isatifikethi se-IATF16949. Lonke ulawulo lwenkampani kufuneka lwenziwe ngokuhambelana ne-IATF16949, kubandakanya itekhnoloji yemveliso yeemoto.
Ukuba indawo yemveliso inokwahlulwa, yindawo yokuvelisa imveliso yeemoto kuphela enokulawulwa ngokwe-IATF16949, kungenjalo umzi-mveliso wonke kufuneka uphunyezwe ngokwe-IATF16949.
Nangona umenzi wemveliso yokungunda engumboneleli wabavelisi bokubonelela ngeemoto, iimveliso ezinikezelweyo azenzelwanga ukuba zisetyenziswe kwiimoto, ngoko abanakufaka isicelo sesiqinisekiso se-IATF16949. Imizekelo efanayo ibandakanya ababoneleli ngezothutho.
Icandelo 10 Isiqinisekiso senkonzo emva kokuthengisa
Naliphi na ishishini elisebenza ngokusemthethweni kwiRiphabhlikhi yaBantu baseTshayina lingenza isicelo sesiqinisekiso senkonzo yasemva kokuthengisa, kubandakanywa amashishini enza izinto ezibonakalayo, athengisa izinto eziphathekayo, kunye nokubonelela ngempahla engabonakaliyo (iinkonzo).
Iimpahla zimveliso ezingena kwintsimi yabathengi. Ukongeza kwiimveliso ezibonakalayo, iimpahla zikwabandakanya neenkonzo ezingabonakaliyo. Zombini iimpahla zamashishini kunye nezabantu basekuhlaleni zezodidi lwempahla yorhwebo.
Impahla ebonakalayo inesimo sangaphandle, umgangatho wangaphakathi, kunye nezinto zokukhangisa, ezifana nomgangatho, ukupakishwa, uphawu, imilo, isitayela, ithoni yombala, inkcubeko, njl.
Impahla engabonakaliyo ibandakanya iinkonzo zabasebenzi kunye nezobugcisa, ezifana neenkonzo zezemali, iinkonzo ze-accounting, ukucwangciswa kwentengiso, uyilo loyilo, ukubonisana nolawulo, ukubonisana ngokusemthethweni, ukuyila inkqubo, njl.
Iimpahla ezingabambekiyo zidla ngokuvela ngeempahla ezibambekayo kunye neziseko zophuhliso ezibambekayo, ezifana neenkonzo zenqwelomoya, iinkonzo zehotele, iinkonzo zobuhle, njl.njl.
Ke ngoko, nayiphi na imveliso, urhwebo, okanye ishishini lenkonzo elinobuntu obusemthethweni obuzimeleyo linokufaka isicelo sesatifikethi senkonzo emva kokuthengiswa kwempahla.
Icandelo le-11 iSatifikethi soKhuseleko oluSebenzayo kwiZithuthi ISO26262
I-ISO 26262 ithathwa kumgangatho osisiseko wokhuseleko olusebenzayo lwezixhobo zombane, zombane, kunye nenkqubo ecwangcisekileyo, IEC61508.
Ibekwe ikakhulu kumacandelo athile ombane, izixhobo zombane, izixhobo zombane ezicwangcisekileyo, kunye namanye amacandelo asetyenziswa ngokukodwa kushishino lweemoto, ezijolise ekuphuculeni imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe yokhuseleko olusebenzayo lweemoto zombane kunye neemveliso zombane.
I-ISO26262 yenziwe ngokusemthethweni ukususela ngoNovemba ka-2005 kwaye ikhona iminyaka emi-6. Yabhengezwa ngokusemthethweni ngoNovemba 2011 kwaye sele ingumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe. I-China iphinda iphuhlise imigangatho yelizwe ehambelanayo.
Ukhuseleko lungenye yezinto eziphambili kuphando lwezithuthi zexesha elizayo kunye nophuhliso, kwaye iimpawu ezintsha azisetyenziselwa nje ukuncedisa ukuqhuba, kodwa kunye nokulawula okuguquguqukayo kwezithuthi kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko ezisebenzayo ezinxulumene nobunjineli bokhuseleko.
Kwixesha elizayo, uphuhliso kunye nokudibanisa le misebenzi ngokuqinisekileyo kuya komeleza iimfuno zenkqubo yophuhliso lwenkqubo yokhuseleko, ngelixa likwabonelela ngobungqina bokuhlangabezana nazo zonke iinjongo zokhuseleko ezilindelekileyo.
Ngokunyuka kobunzima benkqubo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesoftware kunye nezixhobo ze-electromechanical, umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwenkqubo kunye nokungaphumeleli kwe-random hardware nayo iyanda.
Injongo yokuphuhlisa umgangatho we-ISO 26262 kukubonelela abantu ngolwazi olungcono lwemisebenzi enxulumene nokhuseleko kunye nokucacisa ngokucacileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngelixa ubonelela ngeemfuno ezinokwenzeka kunye neenkqubo zokuthintela le mingcipheko.
I-ISO 26262 ibonelela ngengqikelelo yomjikelo wobomi kukhuseleko lweemoto (ulawulo, uphuhliso, imveliso, ukusebenza, inkonzo, ukulahlwa) kwaye ibonelela ngenkxaso eyimfuneko ngeli nqanaba lobomi.
Lo mgangatho uquka inkqubo yophuhliso olusebenzayo lwemiba yokhuseleko, kubandakanywa ukucwangciswa kweemfuno, ukuyila, ukuphunyezwa, ukuhlanganiswa, ukuqinisekiswa, ukuqinisekiswa, kunye noqwalaselo.
Umgangatho we-ISO 26262 wahlula isistim okanye icandelo elithile lenkqubo ngokwamanqanaba emfuneko yokhuseleko (ASIL) ukusuka ku-A ukuya ku-D ngokusekwe kwinqanaba lomngcipheko wokhuseleko, kunye ne-D yeyona nqanaba liphezulu kwaye ifuna ezona mfuno zingqongqo zokhuseleko.
Ngokunyuka kwenqanaba le-ASIL, iimfuno zesistim yehardware kunye neenkqubo zophuhliso lwesoftware nazo zonyukile. Kubaboneleli benkqubo, ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhoyo zomgangatho ophezulu, kufuneka kwakhona bahlangabezane nezi mfuno ziphezulu ngenxa yokwanda kwamanqanaba okhuseleko.
Icandelo 12 ISO13485 Inkqubo yoLawulo loMgangatho weSixhobo sezoNyango
I-ISO 13485, ekwabizwa ngokuba “yiNkqubo yoLawulo loMgangatho kwiZixhobo zoNyango-IiMfuneko kwiiNjongo zoLawulo” ngesiTshayina, akwanelanga ukubeka emgangathweni izixhobo zonyango kuphela ngokweemfuno eziqhelekileyo zomgangatho we-ISO9000, njengoko ziyimveliso ekhethekileyo yokusindisa ubomi, ukunceda. ukwenzakala, kunye nokuthintela kunye nokunyanga izifo.
Ngesi sizathu, umbutho we-ISO ukhuphe imigangatho ye-ISO 13485-1996 (YY/T0287 kunye neYY/T0288), ebeka phambili iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zenkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho wamashishini okuvelisa izixhobo zonyango, kwaye idlale indima entle ekukhuthazeni umgangatho. kwezixhobo zonyango ukuphumeza ukhuseleko nokusebenza.
Inguqulo yesigqeba ukuya kutsho ngoNovemba 2017 yi-ISO13485: 2016 "IiNkqubo zoLawulo loMgangatho weZixhobo zezoNyango - IiMfuno kwiiNjongo zoLawulo". Igama kunye nomxholo zitshintshile xa kuthelekiswa nenguqulelo yangaphambili.
Isiqinisekiso kunye neemeko zobhaliso
1. Ilayisensi yokuvelisa okanye ezinye izatifikethi zokufaneleka zifunyenwe (xa zifunwa yimimiselo kazwelonke okanye yesebe).
2. Iimveliso ezigutyungelwe yinkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho ofaka isicelo sokuqinisekiswa kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho yesizwe efanelekileyo, imigangatho yoshishino, okanye imigangatho yemveliso ebhalisiweyo (imigangatho yeshishini), kwaye iimveliso kufuneka zigqitywe kwaye ziveliswe ngokweebhetshi.
3. Umbutho ofaka isicelo kufuneka useke inkqubo yolawulo ehlangabezana nemigangatho yoqinisekiso oluza kufakwa kuyo isicelo, kunye namashishini okuvelisa izixhobo zonyango kunye nokusebenza, kufuneka athobele iimfuno zomgangatho weYY/T 0287. Amashishini avelisa iintlobo ezintathu zezixhobo zonyango;
Ixesha lokusebenza kwenkqubo yokulawula umgangatho ayiyi kuba ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6, kwaye kumashishini avelisa kunye nokusebenza kwezinye iimveliso, ixesha lokusebenza kwenkqubo yokulawula umgangatho ayiyi kuba ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-3. Kwaye baqhube ubuncinci uphicotho olubanzi lwangaphakathi kunye nophononongo olunye lolawulo.
4. Kwisithuba sonyaka omnye ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo sesatifikethi, kwakungekho zikhalazo ezinkulu zabathengi okanye iingozi ezisemgangathweni kwiimveliso zombutho ofaka isicelo.
Icandelo 13 ISO5001 System Management Energy
Ngo-Agasti 21, i-2018, i-International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) yazisa ukukhululwa komgangatho omtsha weenkqubo zokulawula amandla, ISO 50001: 2018.
Umgangatho omtsha uhlaziywe ngokusekwe kwi-2011 edition ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-ISO zemigangatho yenkqubo yolawulo, kubandakanywa ulwakhiwo oluphezulu olubizwa ngokuba yi-Appendix SL, isicatshulwa esisisiseko esifanayo, kunye nemigaqo eqhelekileyo kunye neenkcazo zokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana okuphezulu kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokulawula. imigangatho.
Umbutho oqinisekisiweyo uya kuba neminyaka emithathu ukuguqula imigangatho emitsha. Ukuqaliswa kwe-Appendix SL ye-architecture ihambelana nayo yonke imigangatho ye-ISO esanda kuhlaziywa, kuquka i-ISO 9001, i-ISO 14001, kunye ne-ISO 45001 yakutshanje, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-ISO 50001 inokuhlanganiswa ngokulula nale migangatho.
Njengoko iinkokeli kunye nabasebenzi babandakanyeka ngakumbi kwi-ISO 50001: 2018, ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kwamandla kuya kuba ingqwalasela.
Ulwakhiwo oluphezulu lwehlabathi jikelele luya kwenza kube lula ukudibanisa neminye imigangatho yenkqubo yokulawula, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zamandla. Inokwenza imibutho ikhuphisane ngakumbi kwaye inokunciphisa impembelelo yayo kwindalo.
Amashishini aphumelele isiqinisekiso senkqubo yolawulo lwamandla anokufaka isicelo semveliso eluhlaza, isiqinisekiso semveliso eluhlaza, kunye nezinye izatifikethi. Sineeprojekthi zenkxaso karhulumente kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo zelizwe lethu. Ukuba unazo naziphi na iimfuno, ungaqhagamshelana namaqabane ethu ukuze ufumane ulwazi lwenkxaso yepolisi yamva nje!
Icandelo 14 Ukuphunyezwa kweMigangatho yePropati yoMyili
Udidi 1:
Izibonelelo zepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda kunye namashishini omboniso - afuna ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho;
Udidi 2:
1. Amashishini alungiselela ukufaka izicelo zeempawu zorhwebo ezidumileyo nezaziwayo kwinqanaba lesixeko okanye lephondo - ukuphunyezwa kwemigangatho kunokusebenza njengobungqina obusebenzayo bemimiselo yolawulo lwepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda;
2. Amashishini alungiselela ukufaka izicelo kumashishini akumgangatho ophezulu, iiprojekthi zeteknoloji, iiprojekthi zentsebenziswano zophando lweyunivesithi, kunye neeprojekthi zemigangatho yobugcisa - ukuphumeza imigangatho inokusebenza njengobungqina obusebenzayo bemimiselo yolawulo lwepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda;
3. Amashishini alungiselela ukuya kuluntu – ukuphumeza imigangatho anokuthintela umngcipheko wepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda phambi kokuba aye kuluntu kwaye abe bubungqina obusebenzayo bemimiselo yepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda wenkampani.
Udidi lwesithathu:
1. Amashishini amakhulu naphakathi aneziseko zombutho ezintsonkothileyo ezifana nokudityaniswa kunye nokuba nezabelo angakwazi ukufezekisa ukucinga kwawo ngolawulo ngokuphumeza imigangatho;
2. Amashishini anemingcipheko ephezulu yepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda – Ngokumilisela imigangatho, ulawulo lomngcipheko wepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda lunokubekwa emgangathweni kunye nobungozi bokwaphulwa komthetho bunokuncitshiswa;
3. Umsebenzi wepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda unesiseko esithile kwaye uthemba ukuba umgangatho ophezulu kumashishini - ukuphumeza imigangatho kunokulinganisa iinkqubo zokulawula.
Udidi lwesine:
Amashishini ahlala efuna ukuthatha inxaxheba ekuthengisweni anokuba ngamanqaku aphambili ekujoliswe kuwo ngokuthengwa ngamashishini karhulumente kunye namashishini aphakathi emva kokugqiba inkqubo yokubhida.
Icandelo 15 ISO/IEC17025 Inkqubo yoLawulo lweLabhoratri
Yintoni ukuvunywa kwelabhoratri
·Amaziko agunyazisiweyo aseka inkqubo yokuqaphela ngokusesikweni amandla okuvavanya/ukulinganisa iilebhu kunye nabasebenzi bawo ukwenza iintlobo ezikhethekileyo zovavanyo/ukulinganisa.
·Isatifikethi somntu wesithathu esichaza ngokusesikweni ukuba ilabhoratri yovavanyo/yokulinganisa inako ukwenza iintlobo ezithile zovavanyo/ukulinganisa umsebenzi.
Amaziko agunyazisiweyo apha abhekisela kwi-CNAS e-China, i-A2LA, i-NVLAP, njl. e-United States, kunye ne-DATech, i-DACH, njl. eJamani.
Ukuthelekisa kuphela kwendlela yokwahlula.
Umhleli wenze le theyibhile yothelekiso ilandelayo ngokukodwa ukwenza nzulu ukuqonda komntu wonke kwingqikelelo “yoqinisekiso lwaselabhoratri”:
·Ingxelo yovavanyo/yokulinganisa yimbonakaliso yeziphumo zokugqibela zelebhu. Ingaba inokubonelela ngeengxelo ezikumgangatho ophezulu (ezichanekileyo, ezithembekileyo, kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo) kuluntu, kwaye ifumane ukuthembela kunye nokuvunywa kuwo onke amacandelo oluntu, ibe ngumba ophambili wokuba i-laboratory ingakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemfuno zoqoqosho lwemarike. Ukuqatshelwa kwelabhoratri ngokuchanekileyo kunika abantu ukuzithemba ekuthembekeni kovavanyo / ukulinganisa idatha!
Icandelo 16 SA8000 iSatifikethi seNkqubo yoLawulo loMgangatho woXanduva lweNtlalo
I-SA8000 ibandakanya le mixholo ilandelayo:
1) Ukuqeshwa kwabantwana: Amashishini kufuneka alawule ubuncinane beminyaka yobudala, umsebenzi wolutsha, ukufunda esikolweni, iiyure zokusebenza, kunye nomda okhuselekileyo wokusebenza ngokungqinelana nomthetho.
2) Ukuqeshwa okunyanzelekileyo: Amashishini awavumelekanga ukuba abandakanyeke okanye axhase ukusetyenziswa kokunyanzeliswa komsebenzi okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-bait okanye isibambiso emsebenzini. Amashishini kufuneka avumele abasebenzi ukuba bahambe emva kweeshifti kwaye bavumele abasebenzi ukuba barhoxe.
3) Impilo nokhuseleko: Amashishini kufuneka abonelele ngemeko-bume yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo nesempilweni, akhusele kwiingozi ezinokubakho nokwenzakala, abonelele ngemfundo yezempilo nokhuseleko, abonelele ngococeko kunye nezixhobo zokucoca namanzi okusela rhoqo.
4) Inkululeko yombutho kunye namalungelo othethathethwano oludityanelweyo: Amashishini ayalihlonipha ilungelo labo bonke abasebenzi lokuseka nokuthabatha inxaxheba kwiimanyano zabasebenzi ezikhethiweyo kunye nokubandakanyeka kwiingxoxo zothethathethwano.
5) Impatho eyahlukileyo: Amashishini akayi kucalula ngokusekelwe kubuhlanga, isimo sentlalo, ubuzwe, ukukhubazeka, isini, ukuzala, ubulungu, okanye ukuzibandakanya kwezopolitiko.
I-6) Imilinganiselo yesohlwayo: Isohlwayo sezinto eziphathekayo, ukucinezelwa kwengqondo kunye nomzimba, kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngamazwi akuvumelekanga.
7) Iiyure zokusebenza: Amashishini afanele athobele imimiselo efanelekileyo, ixesha elongezelelekileyo limele libe lelokuzithandela, yaye abaqeshwa kufuneka ubuncinane babe nosuku olunye lweholide ngeveki.
8) Umvuzo: Umvuzo kufuneka ufikelele kumlinganiselo omncinci obekwe ngumthetho kunye nemimiselo yoshishino, kwaye kufuneka kubekho nayiphi na ingeniso ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezisisiseko. Abaqeshi abasayi kusebenzisa izicwangciso zoqeqesho ezibubuxoki ukuphepha imimiselo yezabasebenzi.
9) Inkqubo yolawulo: Amashishini kufuneka aseke umgaqo-nkqubo wokubhengezwa koluntu kwaye azibophelele ekuthobeleni imithetho efanelekileyo kunye neminye imimiselo;
Ukuqinisekisa isishwankathelo nophononongo lolawulo, abameli abanyuliweyo bamashishini babeke iliso ekuphunyezweni kwezicwangciso nolawulo, kwaye ukhethe ababoneleli nabo abahlangabezana neemfuno ze-SA8000;
Ukuchonga iindlela zokuvakalisa izimvo kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okulungisa, ukunxibelelana esidlangalaleni nabahlaziyi, ukubonelela ngeendlela zokuhlola ezisebenzayo, kunye nokubonelela ngamaxwebhu axhasayo kunye neerekhodi.
Icandelo 17 ISO / TS22163: Isiqinisekiso se-2017 sikaloliwe
Igama lesiNgesi lesiqinisekiso sikaloliwe ngu “IRIS”. (Isiqinisekiso sikaloliwe) siqulunqwe yi-European Railway Industry Association (UNIFE) kwaye iye yakhuthazwa ngamandla kwaye yaxhaswa ngabavelisi benkqubo abane abakhulu (iBombardier, Siemens, Alstom kunye ne-AnsaldoBreda).
I-IRIS isekwe kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe womgangatho we-ISO9001, olulwandiso lwe-ISO9001. Yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuba ishishini likaloliwe livavanye inkqubo yalo yolawulo. I-IRIS ijolise ekuphuculeni umgangatho kunye nokuthembeka kweemveliso zayo ngokuphucula yonke ikhonkco lokubonelela.
Umgangatho omtsha woshishino lukaloliwe lwamazwe ngamazwe ISO/TS22163:2017 uqale ukusebenza ngokusesikweni ngomhla woku-1 kuJuni, ngo-2017 kwaye wathatha indawo yomgangatho we-IRIS wokuqala, uphawula inyathelo elibalulekileyo kwisiqinisekiso se-IRIS senkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho woshishino lukaloliwe.
I-ISO22163 ibandakanya zonke iimfuno ze-ISO9001: 2015 kwaye ibandakanya iimfuno ezithe ngqo kwishishini likaloliwe kwesi siseko.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-14-2023