Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweemveliso zensimbi ezingenasici yinguquko ekhitshini, zihle, zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala khona. Ngenxa yoko, indawo ebonakalayo yekhitshi iphuculwe kakhulu, kwaye ayisekho mnyama kwaye imanzi, kwaye ibumnyama.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zensimbi engenasici, kwaye umahluko phakathi kwazo awuncinci. Ngamathuba athile, imibuzo yokhuseleko iviwa, kwaye kuyingxaki ukukhetha.
Ngokukodwa xa kuziwa kwiimbiza, i-tableware kunye nezinye izitya ezithwala ngokuthe ngqo ukutya, izinto eziphathekayo ziba buthathaka. Indlela yokwahlula?
Yintoni intsimbi engatyiwayo?
Isici esikhethekileyo sensimbi engenasici sichongwa zizinto ezimbini, eziyi-chromium kunye ne-nickel. Ngaphandle kwechromium, akusiyo insimbi engenasici, kwaye inani le-nickel limisela ixabiso lensimbi engenasici.
Insimbi engenasici inokugcina i-luster emoyeni kwaye ayiyi kuhlwa ngenxa yokuba iqulethe umlinganiselo othile we-chromium alloy element (engekho ngaphantsi kwe-10.5%), enokuthi yenze ifilimu ye-oxide eqinile kumphezulu wentsimbi enganyibilikiyo kwimidiya ethile.
Emva kokufaka i-nickel, ukusebenza kwensimbi engenasici kuphuculwe ngakumbi, kwaye inozinzo olulungileyo lwekhemikhali emoyeni, emanzini kunye nomphunga, kwaye inozinzo olwaneleyo kwizisombululo ezininzi ezinamanzi e-asidi, ialkali kunye neetyuwa, nakwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu okanye indawo yobushushu obuphantsi, isenokugcina ukuxhathisa kwayo kukutya.
Ngokwe-microstructure, insimbi engenasici yahlulwe yaba yi-martensitic, austenitic, ferritic kunye ne-duplex stainless steels. I-Austenite ineplastiki elungileyo, amandla aphantsi, ukuqina okuthile, ukusetyenzwa ngokulula kunye nokwakheka, kwaye akukho zixhobo ze-ferromagnetic.
I-Austenitic steel stainless yaphuma eJamani ngo-1913, kwaye ibisoloko idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwintsimbi engenasici. Imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo malunga ne-70% yemveliso epheleleyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwensimbi engenasici. Kukho awona mabakala entsimbi, ngoko ke uninzi lweentsimbi ezingenasici ozibona mihla le ziziintsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic.
Intsimbi ye-304 eyaziwayo yi-austenitic stainless steel. Umgangatho wesizwe waseTshayina wangaphambili ngu-0Cr19Ni9 (0Cr18Ni9), oko kuthetha ukuba iqulethe i-19% ye-Cr (chromium) kunye ne-9% ye-Nickel). I-0 ithetha umxholo wekhabhoni <=0.07%.
Inzuzo yokumelwa komgangatho welizwe laseTshayina kukuba izinto eziqulethwe kwinsimbi engenasici zicacile ngokujonga. Ngokuphathelele i-304, i-301, i-202, njl., lawo ngamagama ase-United States naseJapan, kodwa ngoku wonke umntu usetyenziselwa eli gama.
Uphawu lokuthengisa olunelungelo elilodwa lomenzi weCromargan 18-10 yeWMF pan steel stainless steel
Sihlala sibona izitya zasekhitshini ziphawulwe ngamagama 18-10 no-18-8. Olu hlobo lwendlela yokumakisha lubonisa umlinganiselo wechromium kunye ne-nickel kwinsimbi engenasici. Umlinganiselo we-nickel uphezulu kwaye indalo izinzile.
I-18-8 (i-nickel engekho ngaphantsi kwe-8) ihambelana ne-304 yensimbi. I-18-10 (i-nickel engekho ngaphantsi kwe-10) ihambelana nentsimbi ye-316 (0Cr17Ni12Mo2), ebizwa ngokuba yintsimbi yonyango engenasici.
Intsimbi ye-304 ayiyonto yobumnandi, kodwa ayitshiphu nangayiphi na indlela
Ingcamango yokuba i-austenitic 304 insimbi engenasici iphezulu kakhulu ngenxa ye-Xiaomi, oye wapakisha iimfuno eziqhelekileyo zemihla ngemihla amashumi eminyaka kwiimveliso eziphezulu.
Kwimeko yemihla ngemihla ekhitshini, ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion kunye nokhuseleko lwe-304 lwanele ngokupheleleyo. I-316 ephezulu kakhulu (0Cr17Ni12Mo2) isetyenziswe kwimichiza, unyango kunye nezinye iinkalo, kunye neempawu zeekhemikhali ezizinzile kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion.
Intsimbi ye-Austenitic 304 inamandla angaphantsi kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizikhongozeli zasekhitshini, ngelixa iimela zisebenzisa iintsimbi eziqinileyo ze-martensitic ezingenasici (420, 440), ezinokuxhathisa umhlwa.
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwakucingelwa ukuba kunokubangela ingxaki, ubukhulu becala 201, 202 kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezine-manganese. I-201 kunye ne-202 insimbi engenasici yimveliso ephantsi kakhulu kwinsimbi engenasici, kwaye i-201 kunye ne-202 iphuhliswa ukuba ithathe indawo ye-304 yensimbi engenasici. Isizathu kukuba xa kuthelekiswa ne-nickel, i-manganese inexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu. I-Cr-nickel-manganese austenitic stainless steels ezifana ne-201 kunye ne-202 malunga nesiqingatha sexabiso le-304 yensimbi.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, i-304 yentsimbi ngokwayo ayibizi njengoko injalo, malunga ne-6 okanye i-7 ye-yuan ngekati nganye, kunye ne-316 yentsimbi kunye ne-11 ye-yuan kwikati nganye. Kakade ke, ixabiso lezinto eziphathekayo alisoloko liyinto ebalulekileyo kwixabiso lokugqibela lemveliso. Ii-cookware zensimbi ezingenasici ezivela kwamanye amazwe zibiza kakhulu, ayizizo zonke ngenxa yezinto ezilungileyo.
Ixabiso leyunithi ngetoni nganye yentsimbi yokwenza intsimbi yi-1/25 kuphela yechromium kunye ne-1/50 yenickel. Phakathi kweendleko ngaphandle kwenkqubo ye-annealing, ixabiso lezinto ezibonakalayo ze-austenitic stainless steel ziphezulu kakhulu kune-martensite kunye nentsimbi ngaphandle kwe-nickel. Intsimbi eqinileyo eqinileyo. Intsimbi ye-304 iqhelekile kodwa ayitshiphuki, ubuncinci ngokwexabiso lentsimbi ekrwada.
Ngokwemigangatho kazwelonke yangoku, awukwazi ukufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi imodeli engenakusetyenziswa ekhitshini
Umgangatho wesizwe omdala we-GB9684-1988 uchaza ukuba i-steel-grade stainless steel ihlulwe ibe yimigqomo kunye ne-tableware. , intsimbi ye-Martensitic stainless (0Cr13, 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13) kufuneka isetyenziswe.
Ngokulula, jonga enye imodeli yentsimbi kwaye uyazi ukuba yeyiphi imathiriyeli enokusetyenziselwa ukutya, izitya, ukusika. Ngokucacileyo, umgangatho wesizwe ngelo xesha ngokusisiseko uchonge ngokuthe ngqo i-304 yentsimbi njengentsimbi yokutya-ibakala lokutya.
Nangona kunjalo, umgangatho wesizwe ukhutshwe kwakhona kamva - uMgangatho weSizwe woKhuseleko lokuTya kwiiMveliso zeStainless Steel GB 9684-2011 awusayi kuluhlu lweemodeli, kwaye abantu abanakuphinda bagwebe ngokuthe ngqo ukuba yintoni ibakala lokutya kwimodeli. Ithe nje ngokubanzi:
"Izikhongozeli zeTableware, ukuveliswa kokutya kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza, kunye neendawo eziphambili zezixhobo kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto zensimbi ezingenasici ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yelizwe, njenge-austenitic stainless steel, i-austenitic ferritic stainless steel, kunye ne-ferritic stainless steel; itafile kunye noomatshini bokuvelisa ukutya iMartensitic steel stainless inokusetyenziswa kumzimba ophambili wesixhobo, njengokugrumba kunye nezixhobo zokusila.
Kumgangatho omtsha kazwelonke, imvula yamacandelo ensimbi isetyenziselwa ukugqiba ukuba umgangatho udibene nezibonakaliso zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali.
Oku kuthetha ukuba kubantu abaqhelekileyo, kunzima ngokwenene ukwahlula ukuba yintoni na ukutya-intsimbi engatyiwayo, ngokungathi nantoni na enokwenziwa, lo gama nje kungekho ngxaki.
Andikwazi ukuxelela, ndingakhetha njani?
Inkxalabo yokhuseleko yensimbi engenasici yimanganese. Ukuba ukuthathwa kweentsimbi ezinzima ezifana ne-manganese kudlula umgangatho othile, kuya kubakho umonakalo othile kwinkqubo ye-nervous, njengokulahlekelwa kwememori kunye nokungabikho kwamandla.
Ngoko ngaba kuya kubangela ubuthi ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweemveliso zensimbi ezingenasici ezifana ne-201 kunye ne-202? Impendulo ayicacanga.
Eyokuqala kukungabikho kobungqina betyala ebomini bokwenyani. Ukongezelela, kwithiyori, akukho ziphumo ezikholisayo.
Kukho umgca weklasiki kwezi ngxoxo: ukuthetha ngetyhefu ngaphandle kwedosi yi-hooliganism.
Njengezinye izinto ezininzi, umntu akanakwahlulwa kwimanganese, kodwa ukuba ifunxa kakhulu, iya kubangela iingozi. Kubantu abadala, "imali eyaneleyo" ye-manganese yi-2-3 mg ngosuku e-United States kunye ne-3.5 mg e-China. Ngomda ophezulu, imigangatho ebekwe yi-China kunye ne-United States ijikeleze i-10 mg ngosuku. Ngokweengxelo zeendaba, ukutya kwemanganese kubahlali baseTshayina malunga ne-6.8 mg ngosuku, kwaye kukwaxelwe ukuba i-manganese efunyenwe kwi-201 tableware yensimbi ayinanto kwaye ayizukuyitshintsha i-manganese epheleleyo yabantu.
Afunyanwa njani la mayeza amiselweyo, ngaba aya kutshintsha kwixesha elizayo, kwaye ukuthathwa kunye nokusana okunikelwe ziingxelo zeendaba kuya kuba nokuthandabuza. Indlela yokwenza isigwebo ngeli xesha?
Ukuvala umzantsi we-Fissler 20cm yesuphu yembiza, izinto eziphathekayo: 18-10 intsimbi engenasici.
Sikholelwa ukuba ngumkhwa olungileyo ukuqwalasela ubunjani bobomi bomntu, ukuthintela isiphumo se-superposition yezinto ezinobungozi, kwaye sizame ukulandela ikhitshi ekhuselekileyo kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu iimfuno zemihla ngemihla phantsi kweemeko.
Ke xa ukhetha u-304 kunye no-316, kutheni ukhethe enye?
I-Zwillan TWIN yeClassic II Imbiza yokupheka enzulu 20cm ezantsi iValele phezulu
Indlela yokuchonga ezi zintsimbi ezingenasici?
Iimpawu zakudala zaseJamani ezifana noFissler, iWMF kunye neZwilling ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa i-316 (18-10), kwaye iimveliso eziphezulu ngokwenene azikho ngqiqweni.
Abantu baseJapan basebenzisa i-304, kwaye bahlala bechaza izithako zabo ngokuthe ngqo.
Kwiimveliso ezinemithombo engathembekanga kakhulu, eyona ndlela ithembekileyo kukubathumela kwibhubhoratri, kodwa abaninzi abathengi abanalo le meko. Abanye be-netizens bacinga ukuba ukusebenzisa imagnethi ukubona iipropathi zemagneti yindlela, kwaye intsimbi ye-austenitic 304 ayiyo-magnetic, ngelixa i-ferrite Body kunye nentsimbi ye-martensitic zimagnetic, kodwa eneneni i-austenitic 304 yentsimbi ayikho i-non-magnetic, kodwa imagnetic kancinane.
Intsimbi ye-Austenitic iya kugalela inani elincinci le-martensite ngexesha lokusebenza okubandayo, kwaye ineempawu ezithile zemagneti kumphezulu we-tensile, umphezulu wokugoba kunye nomphezulu osikiweyo, kunye ne-201 yentsimbi engenasici nayo inozibuthe kancinane, ngoko ke ayithembekanga ekusebenziseni imagnethi.
I-potion yensimbi engenasici yinto ekhethiweyo. Enyanisweni, kukufumanisa umxholo we-nickel kunye ne-molybdenum kwinsimbi engenasici. Izinto zekhemikhali kwi-potion zisabela nge-nickel kunye ne-molybdenum kwinsimbi engenasici ukwenza i-complex yombala othile, ukuze ukwazi i-nickel yangaphakathi kunye ne-molybdenum yensimbi engenasici. umxholo oqikelelweyo.
Ngokomzekelo, i-304 potion, xa i-nickel kwi-stainless steel evavanyiweyo inkulu kune-8%, iya kubonisa umbala, kodwa ngenxa yokuba umxholo we-nickel wensimbi engenasici ye-316, i-310 kunye nezinye izinto zinkulu kune-8%, ngoko ke ukuba i-304 i-potion isetyenziselwa ukubona i-310, i-316 insimbi engenasici iya kubonisa umbala, ngoko ke ukuba ufuna ukwahlula phakathi kwe-304, i-310, kunye ne-316, kufuneka usebenzise i-potion ehambelanayo. Ukongezelela, i-stainless steel on-site yokufumanisa i-potion inokubona kuphela umxholo we-nickel kunye ne-molybdenum kwi-stainless steel stainless, kodwa ayikwazi ukubona insimbi engenasici. Umxholo wamanye amacandelo ekhemikhali kwinsimbi engenasici, njengechromium, ngoko ke ukuba ufuna ukwazi iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo zecandelo ngalinye lekhemikhali kwintsimbi engenasici, kufuneka uyithumele kuvavanyo lobuchwephesha.
Kuhlalutyo lokugqibela, ukukhetha uphawu oluthembekileyo yindlela yokuphuma xa iimeko Permit0
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-08-2022