Kukho iindidi ezintandathu eziphambili zeplastiki ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, i-polyester (i-PET polyethylene terephthalate), i-polyethylene ephezulu (i-HDPE), i-polyethylene ephantsi (i-LDPE), i-polypropylene (PP), i-polyvinyl chloride (i-PVC), i-polystyrene (PS).
Kodwa, ngaba uyayazi indlela yokuchonga ezi plastiki? Indlela yokuphuhlisa "amehlo akho omlilo"? Ndiza kukufundisa ezinye iindlela ezisebenzayo, akunzima ukwazi iiplastiki ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngemizuzwana!
Kukho malunga neendlela ezilandelayo zokuchonga iiplastiki: ukuchongwa kwembonakalo, ukuchongwa kokutshisa, ukuchongwa koxinaniso, ukuchongwa kwenyibilika, ukuchongwa kwe-solvent, njl.
Iindlela ezimbini zokuqala zilula kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuchonga ezi ntlobo zeplastiki kakuhle kakhulu. Indlela yokuchonga ingxinano inokwahlula iiplastiki kwaye ihlala isetyenziswa kwimveliso. Ke ngoko, apha sazisa ikakhulu ezithathu zazo.
Iplastiki nganye ineempawu zayo, ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo, iglosi, ukucaca,ubulukhuni, njl. Ukuchongwa kwenkangeleko kukwahlula iindidi ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwiiimpawu zembonakaloyeeplastiki.
Le theyibhile ilandelayo ibonisa iimpawu zokubonakala kweeplastiki ezininzi eziqhelekileyo. Abasebenzi abanolwazi lokuhlela bayakwazi ukwahlula ngokuchanekileyo iintlobo zeeplastiki ngokusekelwe kwezi mpawu zokubonakala.
Ukuchongwa kwembonakalo yeeplastiki ezininzi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo
1. Polyethylene PE
Iipropati: Xa zingafakwanga mbala, zimhlophe qhwa, ziyabengezela, kwaye zinentaphane; imveliso ivakala igudile xa iphathwa ngesandla, ithambile kwaye iqinile, kwaye inde kancinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-polyethylene yoxinaniso oluphantsi ithambile kwaye inokucaca okungcono, ngelixa i-polyethylene ephezulu inzima.
Iimveliso eziqhelekileyo: ifilimu yeplastiki, izikhwama, iibhobho zamanzi, iigubhu zeoli, iibhotile zesiselo (iibhotile zobisi ze-calcium), iimfuno zemihla ngemihla, njl.
2. Polypropylene PP
Iipropati: Imhlophe, iguquguquka kwaye i-waxy xa ingafakwanga umbala; ilula kune-polyethylene. Ukungafihli kukwangcono kune-polyethylene kwaye kunzima kune-polyethylene. Ukumelana nobushushu okugqwesileyo, ukuphefumla kakuhle, ukumelana nobushushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-167°C.
Iimveliso eziqhelekileyo: iibhokisi, imigqomo, iifilimu, ifenitshala, iingxowa ezilukiweyo, iibhotile, iibhampa zemoto, njl.
3. I-Polystyrene PS
Iipropati: Iyacaca xa ingafakwanga imibala. Imveliso iya kwenza isandi sesinyithi xa iwa phantsi okanye ibethwe. Inokukhanya okuhle kunye nokungafihli, okufana neglasi. I-brittle kwaye kulula ukuyiqhawula. Unokukrwela umphezulu wemveliso ngeminwe yakho. I-polystyrene elungisiweyo i-opaque.
Iimveliso eziqhelekileyo: izinto zokubhala, iikomityi, izikhongozeli zokutya, iibhokisi zezixhobo zekhaya, izixhobo zombane, njl.
4. I-PVC ye-Polyvinyl chloride
Iipropati: Umbala wokuqala utyheli kancinane, uyaguquguquka kwaye uyabengezela. Ukucaca kungcono kune-polyethylene kunye ne-polypropylene, kodwa kubi kune-polystyrene. Ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani bezongezo ezisetyenzisiweyo, yahlulahlulwe ibe yiPVC ethambileyo nenzima. Iimveliso ezithambileyo zibhetyebhetye kwaye ziqinile, kwaye ziziva zincangathi. Iimveliso ezinzima zinobunzima obuphezulu kune-polyethylene ephantsi kodwa iphantsi kune-polypropylene, kwaye umhlophe kuya kwenzeka kwiindawo ezigobileyo. Iyakwazi ukumelana nobushushu obufikelela kuma-81°C.
Iimveliso eziqhelekileyo: iipali zezihlangu, iithoyi, iishethi zocingo, iingcango kunye neefestile, izinto zokubhala, izitya zokupakisha, njl.
5. I-Polyethylene terephthalate PET
Iipropati: Intle kakhulu elubala, amandla angcono kunye nokuqina kunepolystyrene kunye ne-polyvinyl chloride, ayiqhekezi lula, igudileyo kwaye ibenyezelayo. Ukumelana ne-asidi kunye ne-alkali, ayixhathisi kumaqondo aphezulu, kulula ukukhubaza (inokumelana kuphela namaqondo angaphantsi kwe-69 ° C).
Iimveliso eziqhelekileyo: rhoqo iimveliso zebhotile: Iibhotile zeCoke, iibhotile zamanzi amaminerali, njl.
Ukwengeza
Iindidi ezintandathu ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zeplastiki nazo zinokuchongwa ngeamanqaku okurisayikilishwa. Uphawu lokurisayikilishwa ludla ngokuba sezantsi kwesikhongozeli. Uphawu lwesiTshayina linani elinemivo emibini eno "0" ngaphambili. Uphawu lwangaphandle luyidijithi enye ngaphandle kuka-"0". La manani alandelayo amele uhlobo olufanayo lweplastiki. Iimveliso ezivela kubavelisi abaqhelekileyo zinolu phawu. Ngophawu lokurisayikilishwa, uhlobo lweplastiki lunokuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo.
Kwiintlobo zeplastiki eziqhelekileyo, indlela yokutshisa ingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo. Ngokubanzi, kufuneka ube nobuchule ekukhetheni kwaye ube nenkosi yokukukhokela kangangexesha elithile, okanye unokufumana iiplastiki ezahlukeneyo kwaye uqhube umfuniselo wokutsha wedwa, kwaye unokuziqonda ngokuzithelekisa nokuzicengceleza ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Akukho ndlela imfutshane. Ukukhangela. Umbala kunye nephunga lomlilo ngexesha lokutshisa kunye nombuso emva kokushiya umlilo ungasetyenziselwa njengesiseko sokuchongwa.
Ukuba uhlobo lweplastiki alukwazi ukuqinisekiswa kwisiganeko sokutsha, iisampuli zeentlobo zeplastiki ezaziwayo zingakhethwa ukuthelekisa kunye nokuchongwa kweziphumo ezingcono.
Iiplastiki zineengxinano ezahlukeneyo, kwaye izenzakalo zazo zokutshona kunye nokudada emanzini kunye nezinye izisombululo nazo zahlukile. Izisombululo ezahlukeneyo zingasetyenziselwayahlula iindidi ezahlukeneyo. Ukuxinana kweeplastiki ezininzi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nokuxinana kolwelo olusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kubonisiwe kwitheyibhile engezantsi. Ulwelo olwahlukeneyo lunokukhethwa ngokweentlobo zokwahlula.
I-PP kunye ne-PE inokuhlanjululwa ngaphandle kwe-PET ngamanzi, kwaye i-PP, i-PE, i-PS, i-PA, kunye ne-ABS inokuhlanjululwa nge-brine egcweleyo.
I-PP, i-PE, i-PS, i-PA, i-ABS, kunye ne-PC inokudada nge-saturated calcium chloride isisombululo samanzi. Kuphela i-PVC enoxinano olufana ne-PET kwaye ayinakohlulwa kwi-PET ngendlela yokudada.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-30-2023