mayelana nombiko wokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kufanele ukwazi lokhu

1. Umbiko wokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo unayo

Iwumbhalo obonisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa neziphetho. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi ngemiphumela etholwe ama-ejensi okuhlola emikhiqizweni egunyazwe amakhasimende. Kungaba yikhasi elilodwa noma amakhulu ambalwa ubude.

Umbiko wokuhlola uzohambisana nezimfuneko ze-Athikili 5.8.2 kanye no-5.8.3 “Zemihlahlandlela Yokuhlola Iziqu Zaselabhorethri” (kumalabhorethri agunyaziwe) kanye ne-ISO/IEC17025 “Imibandela Yokugunyazwa Kwamalabhorethri Okuhlola Nokulinganisa” Izihloko 5.10. 2 kanye no-5.10. 5.10.3 Izidingo (zamalabhorethri agunyazwe yi-CNAS) zizohlanganiswa.

2 Yiluphi ulwazi okufanele luqukethwe umbiko wokuhlola?

Umbiko wokuhlola ojwayelekile kufanele uqukathe ulwazi olulandelayo:

1) Isihloko (ezifana nombiko wokuhlola, umbiko wokuhlolwa, isitifiketi sokuhlola, isitifiketi sokuhlolwa komkhiqizo, njll.), inombolo yomkhiqizo, ilogo yokugunyazwa (CNAS/CMA/CAL, njll.) kanye nenombolo yomkhiqizo;

2) Igama nekheli lelabhorethri, indawo lapho kuhlolwa khona (uma ihlukile ekhelini laselabhorethri); uma kunesidingo, nikeza ilabhorethri ucingo, i-imeyili, iwebhusayithi, njll.;

3) Ukuhlonzwa okuyingqayizivele kombiko wokuhlola (njengenombolo yombiko) kanye nokuhlonza ekhasini ngalinye (inombolo yombiko + ikhasi # lamakhasi angu-#) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ikhasi liyingxenye yombiko wokuhlola, nokubonisa ukuphela ukuhlonza okucacile kombiko wokuhlolwa;

4) Igama nekheli leklayenti (iqembu eliphathisiwe, iqembu elihloliwe);

5) Ukuhlonza indlela esetshenzisiwe (kuhlanganise nesisekelo sokusampula, ukuhlolwa nokwahlulela) (inombolo ejwayelekile negama);

6) Incazelo, isimo (entsha nesidala somkhiqizo, usuku lokukhiqiza, njll.) kanye nokuhlonza okucacile (inombolo) yezinto zokuhlolwa;

7) Usuku lokutholwa kwezinto zokuhlolwa kanye nosuku ukuhlolwa olwenziwa ngalo, okubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni nasekusetshenzisweni kwemiphumela;

8) incazelo yohlelo lwamasampula kanye nezinqubo ezisetshenziswa ilabhorethri noma esinye isikhungo, njengoba zihambisana nokuba semthethweni noma ukusetshenziswa kwemiphumela;

9) Imiphumela yokuhlolwa, lapho kufanele khona, enamayunithi okulinganisa;

10) Igama, isihloko, isiginesha noma ukuhlonza okufanayo komuntu ogunyaza umbiko wokuhlolwa;

11) Uma kufanele, isitatimende sokuthi umphumela uhlobene kuphela nento ehlolwayo. Izincazelo ezidingekayo, ezinjengokufaka ulwazi olwengeziwe olucelwe iklayenti, izincazelo ezengeziwe mayelana nesimo sokuhlolwa, izindlela noma iziphetho (kuhlanganise nalokho okususiwe kuhlelo lwangempela lomsebenzi), njll.;

12) Uma ingxenye yomsebenzi wokuhlola inenkontileka engaphansi, imiphumela yale ngxenye kufanele ikhonjwe ngokucacile;

13) Izesekeli, okuhlanganisa: umdwebo wohlelo, umdwebo wesifunda, ijika, isithombe, uhlu lwemishini yokuhlola, njll.

3.Ukuhlelwa kwemibiko yokuhlolwa

Imvelo yombiko wokuhlola ngokuvamile ibonisa injongo yokuhlola, okungukuthi, kungani ukuhlolwa kwenziwe. Izakhiwo zokuhlola ezivamile zibandakanya ukuhlola okuphathisiwe, ukuhlolwa kokuqondisa, ukuhlolwa kwezitifiketi, ukuhlolwa kwelayisense yokukhiqiza, njll. Ukuhlola okuphathisiwe ngokuvamile kwenziwa inhlangano ephathisiwe ukuze kwahlulele ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo; ukugada nokuhlola ngokuvamile kuhlelwa ama-ejensi alawulayo kahulumeni ukuze aqaphe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Futhi isetshenziswe; ukuhlolwa kwesitifiketi kanye nokuhlolwa kwelayisensi ngokuvamile ukuhlola okwenziwa ngumfakisicelo ukuze athole isitifiketi.

4. Yiluphi ulwazi okufanele luqukethwe umbiko wokuhlolwa kwesampula?

Umbiko wokuhlolwa kwesampula uzoqukatha ulwazi lweyunithi yesampula, umuntu othatha amasampula, iqoqo elimelwe isampula, indlela yesampula (okungahleliwe), inani lamasampula, kanye nesimo sokuvala isampula.

Umbiko wokuhlola kufanele unikeze igama, imodeli, ukucaciswa, uphawu lokuhweba kanye nolunye ulwazi lwesampula, futhi uma kunesidingo, umkhiqizi nokukhiqiza (ukucubungula) igama nekheli.

5. Ungaluqonda kanjani ulwazi lwesisekelo sokuhlola embikweni wokuhlola?

Umbiko wokuhlola ophelele kufanele unikeze amazinga amasampula, amazinga endlela yokuhlola, namazinga wokwahlulela wemiphumela lapho ukuhlola okukulo mbiko kusekelwe khona. Lawa mazinga angase agxiliswe ezingeni elilodwa lomkhiqizo, noma angase abe izindinganiso ezihlukene kulezi zinhlobo ezingenhla.

6. Yiziphi izinto ezihlolwayo zemikhiqizo evamile?

Izinto ezijwayelekile zokuhlola umkhiqizo zifaka ukubukeka, ilogo, ukusebenza komkhiqizo, nokusebenza kokuphepha. Uma kunesidingo, ukuguquguquka kwemvelo, ukuqina (noma ukuhlolwa kwempilo) nokuthembeka komkhiqizo nakho kufanele kufakwe.

Ngokuvamile, konke ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso ezishiwo. Izinkomba zobuchwepheshe ezihambisanayo kanye nezidingo ngokuvamile zibalulwe kupharamitha ngayinye kumazinga lapho ukuhlola kusekelwe khona. Lezi zinkomba ngokuvamile zitholakala kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokuhlola, kumkhiqizo ofanayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zokuhlola, kungase kutholakale imiphumela ehlukene, futhi umbiko wokuhlola ophelele kufanele unikeze izinkomba zokwahlulela ngokusebenza ngakunye nezindlela zokuhlola ezihambisanayo. Izimo zokutholwa kokuphothula amaphrojekthi ahlobene ngokuvamile zihlanganisa: izinga lokushisa, umswakama, umsindo wendawo, amandla kazibuthe kagesi, i-voltage yokuhlola noma yamanje, namagiya okusebenza emishini (njengesivinini esinwebekayo) athinta imingcele yephrojekthi.

7.Ungaluqonda kanjani ulwazi olusemiphumeleni yokuhlolwa neziphetho nezincazelo zazo?

Umbiko wokuhlolwa kufanele unikeze imiphumela yokuhlolwa yemingcele yokuhlola egcwaliswe ilabhorethri. Ngokuvamile, imiphumela yokuhlola yakhiwa amapharamitha wokuhlola (igama), iyunithi yokulinganisa esetshenziselwa imingcele yokuhlola, izindlela zokuhlola nezimo zokuhlola, idatha yokuhlola nemiphumela yamasampula, njll. Ngezinye izikhathi ilabhorethri iphinde inikeze idatha. ezihambisana nemingcele yokuhlola kanye nezahlulelo zeziqu zento eyodwa ngokuya ngezidingo zamakhasimende aphathisayo. ukwenza lula ukusetshenziswa kombiko.

Kwezinye izivivinyo, ilabhorethri idinga ukwenza isiphetho salokhu kuhlola. Indlela yokuveza isiphetho sokuhlolwa kuyindaba yokuqapha okwedlulele elabhorethri. Ukuze kuvezwe ngokunembile nangokuqondile isiphetho sokuhlolwa, iziphetho zombiko wokuhlolwa onikezwe ilabhorethri zingavezwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Iziphetho zokuhlola zihlanganisa: umkhiqizo ofanelekayo, ukuhlolwa kwendawo yomkhiqizo okufanelekile, izinto ezihloliwe ezifanelekayo, ezivumelana nezindinganiso, njll. Umsebenzisi wombiko kufanele aziqonde kahle izincazelo ezihlukene zalezi ziphetho, ngaphandle kwalokho umbiko wokuhlola ungase usetshenziswe kabi. Isibonelo, uma izinto ezihloliwe zifanelekile, kusho kuphela ukuthi izinto ezihloliwe embikweni zihlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile, kodwa akusho ukuthi wonke umkhiqizo ufanelekile, ngoba ezinye izinto azihlolisiswanga ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka. ukwahlulela ukuthi bafanelekile yini noma cha.

8.Ingabe sikhona umkhawulo wesikhathi wenkathi yokufaneleka "Yombiko Wokuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi Yomkhiqizo"?

Imibiko yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ngokuvamile ayinalo usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzisi wombiko angahlulela ukuthi umbiko otholiwe usengamukelwa futhi ukhonjwe ngokuya ngolwazi olufana nempilo yeshelufu nempilo yesevisi yomkhiqizo. Ukugadwa nokuhlolwa okungahleliwe komnyango wokugada ikhwalithi ngokuvamile kuhlelwa kanye ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke, kungcono kakhulu ukungawamukeli umbiko wokugadwa nokuhlolwa ongaphezu konyaka owodwa. Ngemibiko evamile yokuhlolwa okuthenjiwe, kunezimpawu noma imiyalelo embikweni: “Umthwalo wemfanelo wamasampuli kuphela”, ngakho-ke, ukwethembeka kwemibiko enjalo yokuhlola kufanele kube kuncane uma kuqhathaniswa futhi isikhathi kufanele sibe sifushane.

9.Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ubuqiniso bombiko wokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo?

Ukuqinisekiswa kombiko wokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kufanele kubuzwe i-ejensi yokuhlola ekhiphe umbiko. Njengamanje, ama-ejensi ajwayelekile okuhlola amakhulu asungule amawebhusayithi, futhi ahlinzeka ngolwazi lwemibuzo kubasebenzisi benethiwekhi kuwebhusayithi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi i-ejensi yokuhlola inesibopho sokugcina ulwazi lwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo webhizinisi elihloliwe luyimfihlo, ulwazi olunikezwa ngokuvamile kuwebhusayithi lunomkhawulo.

10. Ungalubona kanjani uphawu embikweni wokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo?

I-CNAS (I-Laboratory National Accreditation Mark) ingasetshenziswa amalabhorethri agunyazwe yi-China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment ngokuhambisana nemithetho neziqondiso zokugunyazwa kwe-CNAS; I-CMA (Laboratory Qualification Accreditation Metrology Accreditation Mark) ngokuhambisana neziqondiso zokugunyazwa zaselabhorethri (isitifiketi sokulinganisa) Amalabhorethri aphumelele ukubuyekezwa kokugunyazwa angasetshenziswa (umthetho wokulinganisa udinga: zonke izikhungo zokuhlola ezikhipha idatha efanelekile emphakathini kumele zidlulise isitifiketi sokulinganisa, ngakho umbiko wokuhlola onale logo kufanele usetshenziswe njengokuhlola okuqinisekisayo);

Ukwengeza, i-ejensi yokuhlola ngayinye iphinde isebenzise uphawu lwayo lokuhlonza embikweni, ikakhulukazi ama-ejensi okuhlola angaphandle anobunikazi bawo.

11. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani kusukela ekufakeni isicelo sokuhlolwa kuya ekutholeni umbiko wokuhlola?

Isikhathi sokuqedwa somsebenzi wokuhlola kanye nombiko sinqunywa inani lemingcele yokuhlola enqunywe izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe lapho umkhiqizo uhlolwa khona kanye nesikhathi sokuhlola sepharamitha ngayinye. Ngokuvamile, isamba sesikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kuqedwe yonke imingcele yokuhlola, kanye nokulungiselelwa nokukhishwa kwemibiko yokuhlola. isikhathi, isamba salezi zikhathi ezimbili yisikhathi sokuhlola. Ngakho-ke, lapho imikhiqizo ehlukene kanye nomkhiqizo ofanayo kuhlolwa izinto ezahlukene, isikhathi sokuhlola esijwayelekile sihlukile. Okunye ukuhlola umkhiqizo kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-1-2 kuphela, kuyilapho okunye ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo kuthatha inyanga noma ngisho nezinyanga ezimbalwa (uma kunezinto zepharamitha yokuhlola yesikhathi eside njengokuhlolwa kokuphila, ukuhlolwa kokuguga, ukuhlolwa kokwethembeka, njll.). (Umhleli: Izinto zokuhlola okuvamile cishe ziyizinsuku zokusebenza ezingu-5-10.)

12.Iziphi izici eziyinhloko ezithinta izinga lemibiko yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo?

Le nkinga inkulu uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi kunzima ukuyichaza ngemisho embalwa elula. Ngokombono wama-ejensi okuhlola, ukuphathwa kwelabhorethri yethu kusekelwe ezintweni ezihlukahlukene ezilawula ikhwalithi yemibiko yokuhlola. Lezi zici zenziwa ngezixhumanisi ezihlukahlukene zokuhlola (ukwamukelwa kwebhizinisi, ukusampula, ukulungiswa kwesampula, ukuhlolwa, ukuqoshwa nokubalwa kwedatha, nokubikwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa). Ngokuvamile kubhekwa ukuthi lezi zici zihlanganisa: abasebenzi, izikhungo kanye nezimo zemvelo, okokusebenza, ukulandeleka kwamanani, izindlela zokuhlola, amasampula nokuphathwa kwamasampula okuhlola, ukulawula amarekhodi okuhlola nemibiko, njll.