Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuqwashisa okwandayo kokuvikelwa kwemvelo phakathi komphakathi wasekhaya kanye nokusatshalaliswa okuqhubekayo kokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kanye nezindaba zokungcoliswa kwemvelo embonini yemfashini noma yezingubo ngokusebenzisa inkundla yezokuxhumana kokubili ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, abathengi abasajwayelene nedatha ethile. Ngokwesibonelo, imboni yezingubo zokugqoka iyindawo yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, ilandela imboni kawoyela. Isibonelo, imboni yezemfashini ikhiqiza u-20% wamanzi angcolile emhlabeni wonke kanye no-10% wokukhishwa kwekhabhoni emhlabeni wonke minyaka yonke.
Kodwa-ke, enye inkinga ebalulekile ebaluleke ngokufanayo ibonakala ingaziwa kubathengi abaningi. Okungukuthi: ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali nokuphatha embonini yendwangu nezingubo.
Amakhemikhali amahle? Amakhemikhali amabi?
Uma kukhulunywa ngamakhemikhali embonini yendwangu, abathengi abaningi abajwayelekile bahlobanisa ukucindezeleka nokuba khona kwezinto ezinobuthi neziyingozi ezisele ezingutsheni zabo, noma isithombe sezimboni zezingubo ezingcolisa izindlela zamanzi zemvelo ngesamba esikhulu samanzi angcolile. Umbono awumuhle. Kodwa-ke, bambalwa abathengi abajula ngokujulile endimeni edlalwa amakhemikhali ezindwangu ezifana nezingubo zokugqoka kanye nezindwangu zasekhaya ezihlobisa imizimba nezimpilo zethu.
Iyiphi into yokuqala eyadonsa amehlo akho lapho uvula ikhabethe lakho lezingubo? Umbala. Okubomvu okukhangayo, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuzolile, okumnyama okuqinile, okunsomi okungaqondakali, okuphuzi okugqamile, okumpunga okuhle, okumhlophe qwa... Le mibala yezingubo oyisebenzisayo ukukhombisa ingxenye yobuntu bakho ayinakuzuzwa ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali, noma uma sikhuluma nje, akulula kangako. Uma sithatha okunsomi njengesibonelo, emlandweni, izingubo ezinsomi ngokuvamile zazingezabantu abahlonishwayo noma abaphezulu kuphela ngoba odayi onsomi babeyivelakancane futhi bebiza ngokwemvelo. Kwaze kwaba maphakathi nekhulu le-19 lapho usokhemisi osemusha waseBrithani ethola khona ngephutha inhlanganisela ensomi phakathi nokuhlanganiswa kwe-quinine, futhi kancane kancane onsomi baba umbala abantu abavamile abangawujabulela.
Ngaphezu kokunikeza umbala ezingutsheni, amakhemikhali aphinde adlale indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi ekhethekile yezindwangu. Isibonelo, imisebenzi eyisisekelo engangeni manzi, engagugi kanye neminye. Kusukela kumbono obanzi, zonke izinyathelo zokukhiqiza izingubo kusukela ekukhiqizeni indwangu kuya emkhiqizweni wokugcina wezingubo zihlobene eduze namakhemikhali. Ngamanye amazwi, amakhemikhali awutshalomali olungenakugwemeka embonini yesimanje yezindwangu. Ngokwe-Global Chemicals Outlook II ka-2019 ekhishwe yi-United Nations Environment Programme, kulindeleke ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2026, umhlaba udle u-$31.8 billion kumakhemikhali endwangu, uma kuqhathaniswa no-$19 billion ngo-2012. isidingo somhlaba wonke sezindwangu nezingubo sisakhula, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka nasezifundeni.
Kodwa-ke, imibono engalungile yabathengi ngamakhemikhali embonini yezingubo ayiyona nje into eyenziwe. Sonke isikhungo sokukhiqiza izindwangu emhlabeni wonke (okuhlanganisa nezikhungo zangaphambili zokukhiqiza izindwangu) nakanjani sihlangabezana nesimo sokuphrinta nokudaywa kwamanzi angcolile "ukudaya" imigwaqo yamanzi eseduze esigabeni esithile sokuthuthuka. Embonini yokukhiqiza izindwangu kwamanye amazwe asathuthuka, lokhu kungase kube iqiniso eliqhubekayo. Izigcawu ezimibalabala zasemfuleni seziphenduke enye yezinhlangano ezimbi kakhulu abathengi abanazo nokukhiqizwa kwendwangu nezingubo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, udaba lwezinsalela zamakhemikhali ezingutsheni, ikakhulukazi izinsalela zezinto ezinobuthi neziyingozi, seluqubule ukukhathazeka kwabanye abathengi ngempilo nokuphepha kwezindwangu. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu kubazali bezingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Ukuthatha i-formaldehyde njengesibonelo, mayelana nokuhlobisa, iningi lomphakathi liyaqaphela ukulimala kwe-formaldehyde, kodwa bambalwa abantu abanaka okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde lapho bethenga izingubo. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza izingubo, izinsiza zokudaya kanye nama-resin finishing agents asetshenziselwa ukulungisa umbala nokuvimbela imibimbi ikakhulukazi aqukethe i-formaldehyde. I-formaldehyde eyeqile engutsheni ingabangela ukucasuka okunamandla esikhumbeni nasemgudwini wokuphefumula. Ukugqoka izingubo ezine-formaldehyde eningi isikhathi eside kungenzeka kubangele ukuvuvukala kokuphefumula kanye ne-dermatitis.
Amakhemikhali endwangu okufanele uwanake
i-formaldehyde
Isetshenziselwa ukuqedela izindwangu ukusiza ukulungisa imibala nokuvimbela imibimbi, kodwa kukhona ukukhathazeka mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kwe-formaldehyde neminye imidlavuza.
insimbi enzima
Odayi nemibala ingase ibe nezinsimbi ezisindayo ezifana nomthofu, i-mercury, i-cadmium, ne-chromium, ezinye zazo eziyingozi ohlelweni lwezinzwa lomuntu nezinso.
I-Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether
Ivamise ukutholakala kuma-surfactants, ama-ejenti angenayo, okokuhlanza, okokuthambisa, njll., uma ingena emanzini, iyingozi kwezinye izinto eziphila emanzini, ibangele ukungcoliswa kwemvelo futhi kulimaze indawo ezungezile.
Vimbela amadayi e-azo
Odayi abangavunyelwe badluliswa besuka ezindwangu ezidayiwe baye esikhumbeni, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ukusabela kokunciphisa kwenzeka, kudedelwa ama-amine anuka kamnandi e-carcinogenic.
I-benzene chloride ne-toluene chloride
Izinsalela ku-polyester nezindwangu zayo ezihlanganisiwe, eziyingozi kubantu nasendaweni ezungezile, zingadala umdlavuza nokukhubazeka ezilwaneni.
I-phthalate ester
I-plasticizer evamile. Ngemva kokuxhumana nezingane, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokumunca, kulula ukungena emzimbeni futhi kubangele ukulimala
Leli iqiniso lokuthi ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakhemikhali ayizinto ezibalulekile, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamakhemikhali kunezingozi ezinkulu zemvelo nempilo. Kulo mongo,ukuphathwa nokuqapha amakhemikhali sekuyindaba ephuthumayo nebalulekile ebhekene nemboni yendwangu nezingubo, ehlobene nentuthuko esimeme yale mboni.
Ukuphathwa kwamakhemikhali nokuqapha
Eqinisweni, emithethweni yamazwe ahlukahlukene, kugxilwa kumakhemikhali endwangu, futhi kunemikhawulo efanele yamalayisense, izindlela zokuhlola, nezindlela zokuhlola zamazinga okuphuma kwezinto kanye nohlu olukhawulelwe lokusebenzisa ikhemikhali ngayinye. Uma sithatha i-formaldehyde njengesibonelo, indinganiso kazwelonke yase-China i-GB18401-2010 “Izicaciso Zobuchwepheshe Zokuphepha Eziyisisekelo Zemikhiqizo Yendwangu Kazwelonke” ibeka ngokucacile ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde ezindwangu nasezimpahleni akufanele kudlule u-20mg/kg ku-Class A (imikhiqizo yezinsana nezincane), 75mg/ kg ye-Class B (imikhiqizo ethintana ngqo nesikhumba somuntu), kanye no-300mg/kg ye-Class C (imikhiqizo engahlangani ngqo nesikhumba somuntu). Nokho, kunomehluko omkhulu emithethweni phakathi kwamazwe ahlukene, okuholela nasekuntulekeni kwamazinga abumbene nezindlela zokulawulwa kwamakhemikhali enqubweni yangempela yokuqaliswa, kube enye yezinselele ekuphathweni nasekuqapheni amakhemikhali.
Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, imboni isiphinde yasebenza kakhulu ekuziqapheleni nasekuthatheni izinyathelo ekuphathweni kwayo kwamakhemikhali. I-Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals Foundation (ZDHC Foundation), eyasungulwa ngo-2011, imele isenzo esihlangene semboni. Umgomo wayo ukunika amandla izinhlobo zendwangu, izingubo zokugqoka, isikhumba, nezicathulo, abathengisi, kanye namaketanga abo okuhlinzeka ukuze basebenzise izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokulawulwa kwamakhemikhali okusimeme ochungechungeni lwenani, futhi balwele ukufeza umgomo wokungakhiqizi nhlobo kwamakhemikhali ayingozi ngokusebenzisana, okujwayelekile. ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nokuqaliswa.
Kuze kube manje, amabhrendi anenkontileka ne-ZDHC Foundation anyukile esuka kweyi-6 yaya kwangama-30, okuhlanganisa nemikhiqizo yemfashini eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke njenge-Adidas, H&M, NIKE, neKaiyun Group. Phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo namabhizinisi ahamba phambili embonini, ukuphathwa kwamakhemikhali nakho sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yamasu entuthuko esimeme, futhi izidingo ezihambisanayo ziye zabekwa phambili kubahlinzeki bazo.
Ngokukhula kwesidingo somphakathi sezimpahla zokugqoka ezingasizungezile nezinempilo, izinkampani nemikhiqizo ehlanganisa ukuphathwa kwamakhemikhali ekucatshangelweni kwamasu futhi ibambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo emisebenzini engokoqobo ukuze ihlinzeke ngezimpahla ezihambisana nemvelo nezinempilo emakethe ngokungangabazeki zinokuncintisana okwengeziwe kwemakethe. Okwamanje,uhlelo oluthembekile lokunikeza izitifiketi namalebula ezitifiketi angasiza amabhrendi namabhizinisi ukuxhumana ngempumelelo nabathengi futhi asungule ukwethembana.
Olunye lwezinhlelo eziqashelwa njengamanje zokuhlola izinto eziyingozi nezitifiketi embonini I-STANDARD 100 ka-OEKO-TEX ®。 Iwuhlelo lokuhlola lomhlaba wonke noluzimele kanye nesitifiketi esiqhuba ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziyingozi kuzo zonke izinto zokusetshenziswa zendwangu, eziqedwe kancane futhi eziqediwe. imikhiqizo, kanye nazo zonke izinto ezisizayo enqubweni yokucubungula. Ayihlanganisi kuphela izidingo ezibalulekile zomthetho nezokulawula, kodwa futhi ihlanganisa izinto zamakhemikhali eziyingozi empilweni kodwa ezingekho ngaphansi kokulawulwa okusemthethweni, kanye nemingcele yezokwelapha egcina impilo yomuntu.
I-ecosystem yebhizinisi ifunde enhlanganweni ezimele yokuhlola kanye nesitifiketi yendwangu yase-Swiss kanye nemikhiqizo yesikhumba, i-TestEX (WeChat: TestEX-OEKO-TEX), ukuthi amazinga okutholwa kanye namanani omkhawulo we-STANDARD 100 ezimweni eziningi aqine kakhulu kunezwe elisebenzayo futhi izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, isathatha i-formaldehyde njengesibonelo. Imfuneko yemikhiqizo yezinsana nezingane ezincane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala akufanele ibonwe, ngokuthintana ngqo nemikhiqizo yesikhumba engeqile ku-75mg/kg nokungathintani ngqo nemikhiqizo yesikhumba engeqile ku-150mg/kg, Izinto zokuhlobisa akufanele zidlule ku-300mg/ kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-STANDARD 100 ihlanganisa nezinto ezingaba yingozi ezingafika kwezingama-300. Ngakho-ke, uma ubona ilebula ethi STANDARD 100 engutsheni yakho, kusho ukuthi isiphumelele ukuhlolwa okuqinile kwamakhemikhali ayingozi.
Ekwenziweni kwe-B2B, ilebula ethi STANDARD 100 nayo yamukelwa imboni njengobufakazi bokulethwa. Ngalo mqondo, izikhungo ezizimele zokuhlola nezitifiketi ezifana ne-TTS zisebenza njengebhuloho lokuthembana phakathi kwemikhiqizo nabakhiqizi bazo, okuvumela ukubambisana okungcono phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili. I-TTS iphinde ibe nguzakwethu we-ZDHC, esiza ukukhuthaza umgomo wokungakhiphi nhlobo kwamakhemikhali ayingozi embonini yendwangu.
Sekukonke,awukho umehluko olungile noma ongalungile phakathi kwamakhemikhali ezindwangu. Okubalulekile kusekuphatheni nasekuqapheni, okuwudaba olubalulekile oluhlobene nemvelo nempilo yabantu. Kudinga ukugqugquzelwa okuhlanganyelwe kwezinhlangano ezehlukene ezinomthwalo wemfanelo, ukumiswa kwemithetho kazwelonke kanye nokudidiyelwa kwemithetho neziqondiso phakathi kwamazwe ahlukene nezifunda, ukuzilawula nokuthuthukisa imboni, kanye nomkhuba ongokoqobo wamabhizinisi ekukhiqizeni, Kukhona isidingo esikhulu sokuthi abathengi bakhuphule izimfuno zemvelo nezezempilo eziphezulu zezingubo zabo. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho izenzo "ezingezona ezinobuthi" zemboni yefashini zibe ngokoqobo esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-14-2023