Ababhali:K Ganesh,Ramanath KB,Jason D Li,Li Yuanpeng,Tanmay Mothe,Hanish Yadav,Alpesh Chaddha kanye noNeelesh Mundra
I-inthanethi yakhe “ibhuloho” lokuxhumana elinomnotho neliphumelelayo phakathi kwabathengi nabathengisi emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokukhula kobuchwepheshe obuvumelayo obufana nezinkokhelo ezivikelekile, ukulandelela ama-oda kanye nesevisi yamakhasimende, imakethe ye-e-commerce yomhlaba wonke ikhule kakhulu. Ukuhwebelana kwe-e-commerce emhlabeni jikelele kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule kusuka ku-$400 billion ngo-2016 kuya ku-$1.25 trillion ngo-2021. Njengomholi walo mkhuba wokukhula, kusukela ngo-2012 kuya ku-2016, ubukhulu bemakethe ye-e-commerce yaseChina bukhuphuke busuka ku-RMB. 293.7 billion kuya ku-RMB 1,280.1 billion. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yamaphuzu amabili: 1) ukukhululwa okungazelelwe kwesidingo sabathengi abawela umngcele; 2) indawo yokuqondisa yemakethe exegayo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamawebhusayithi aku-inthanethi, izinkundla zokuxhumana kanye nobuchwepheshe bezokuthutha nakho kubambe iqhaza elikhulu ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kohwebo lwe-inthanethi oluwela imingcele. Ngemuva kwalokho, uhulumeni waseShayina uphinde wakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-e-commerce ewela imingcele ngokudala izindawo zokuhwebelana mahhala kanye nokukhuthaza uhlelo lwe-“Belt and Road”. Amabhizinisi afana ne-Cross-border, i-Amazon kanye ne-Tmall asebenzise ngokugcwele izinqubomgomo ezifanele futhi kancane kancane athola isisekelo esiqinile endaweni yokuhweba mahhala. Izinkampani ezihamba phambili ezihamba phambili zokulethwa kwezidingongqangi kanye nezinkampani eziphuma eceleni esifundeni nazo zilungiselela ukusizakala ngomsebenzi okhulayo wokuhwebelana ezimakethe zeBelt and Road. Kodwa-ke, ngokwethula uchungechunge lwezinqubomgomo zokulawula nguhulumeni kanye nokulawulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwamanani okuthengisa amashaneli, ukukhula okunamandla kwangaphambilini kokudayisa emngceleni waseChina kuzoba okunengqondo ngokwengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imboni ngokwayo ibhekene nezinselelo eziningi, njengokukhathazeka ngekhwalithi yemikhiqizo ewela imingcele, izinqubo ezingasebenzi kahle zokususa intela, kanye nezindlela zokuxazulula izingxabano eziwela imingcele ezingaphelele. Iholwa yiChina, ukuhwebelana kwemingcele kuzofaka umfutho omusha ekusaseni le-e-commerce. Ngokufiphala kancane kancane kwemingcele yendawo, izinkampani ezibaluleke ngempela zizokwazi ukweqa imingcele futhi zamukele ukuhlolwa okunonya kwezibhamu zangempela emakethe yomhlaba. Amabhizinisi athengisayo azokwazi ukubhala kabusha imithetho yegeyimu ngokusebenzisa izinzuzo zawo; kuyilapho izinhlangano ezibuya kabuhlungu zidinga ukuhlela kabusha amasu azo futhi zilinde ithuba.
Uhlolojikelele
I-inthanethi yakhe “ibhuloho” lokuxhumana elinomnotho neliphumelelayo phakathi kwabathengi nabathengisi emhlabeni jikelele. Imakethe ye-e-commerce yomhlaba wonke ikhule kakhulu ngenqubekelaphambili ekunikezeni amandla ubuchwepheshe obufana nezinkokhelo ezivikelekile, ukulandelela ama-oda, kanye nenkonzo yamakhasimende. Kusukela ngo-2014 kuya ku-2017, ukuthengiswa kwe-e-commerce emhlabeni jikelele (imikhiqizo noma izinsizakalo, ngaphandle kwamathikithi okuvakasha nawemicimbi, njll.) kukhule kusuka ku-$ 1.336 trillion kuya ku-$ 2.304 trillion, futhi lesi sibalo kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele ku-$ 4.878 trillion ngo-2021. Ngesikhathi esifanayo. , isabelo se-e-commerce sengqikithi yokuthengiswa kwezitolo zomhlaba wonke sikhule sisuka ku-7.4% saya ku-10.2%, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele ku-17.5% ngo-2021. Kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2022, ukuthengiswa okuphelele kwe-e-commerce e-China kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule kusuka ku-$499.015 billion kuye ngaphezu kwe-US$956.488 billion. Ngo-2015, i-e-commerce yabalele kuphela u-15.9% wokuthengiswa okuphelele kwezitolo e-China, kodwa lesi sabelo kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele ku-33.6% ngo-2019. Ngokwalesi sibalo, izinga lokukhula kwe-e-commerce laseChina selivele liphezulu kunesilinganiso somhlaba. Ivolumu ye-e-commerce ewela umngcele kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule isuka ku- $ 400 billion ngo-2016 iye ku-$1.25 trillion ngo-2021, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngama-26%. Izici eziyinhloko zokushayela ngemuva kwayo ukuthandwa okuphezulu kwama-smartphones kanye ne-inthanethi, ukuncintisana okunamandla kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokuqwashisa abathengi. Uma sibheka emuva ekuthuthukisweni kwamashumi ambalwa eminyaka adlule, izici ezinjengokuntuleka kwemikhiqizo yasendaweni, ukunyamalala kancane kancane kwezitolo ezibonakalayo, ukwehla okuqhubekayo kwezindleko, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe konke kuye kwenyusa ngobuqili ukubaluleka kokuphambana. -i-border e-commerce.
Imakethe ye-e-commerce yaseChina
Ukukhula kwe-e-commerce eChina
I-E-commerce e-China ikhule ngokushesha eminyakeni embalwa edlule - ngo-2016, usayizi wemakethe ye-e-commerce yaseChina wawucishe ube ngama-US $ 403.458 billion, lesi sibalo sikhuphuke safinyelela ku-499.15 billion ngo-2017, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi sidlule ezigidini ezingama-956 ngo-2022. . Lokhu kukhula kungase kubangelwe ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, njengokukhuphuka kokungena kwama-smartphone, ulwazi olubi lokuthenga ezitolo zezitini nodaka, kanye nokuncintisana okukhulu emakethe ye-e-commerce.
Yini eyenza ukukhulaIsigaba semali engenayo emaphakathi yiso esinamandla ezitolo eziwela umngcele. Banamandla aqinile okuthenga kanye nokuphishekela izinga eliphezulu lempilo (okuhlanganisa nokuphishekela imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu/imikhiqizo eyaziwayo). Lokhu kusho ukuthi bazimisele ukuthenga imikhiqizo evela phesheya ngokusebenzisa iziteshi zokuthengisa eziku-inthanethi eziwela imingcele inqobo nje uma intengo igculisa (inqobo nje uma intengo yokuthengisa yaphesheya yomkhiqizo kanye nezindleko zokuthumela kanye nezintela ziphansi kunentengo yokudayisa e-China) . Eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, ubukhulu beqembu laseShayina labahola imali ephakathi buzoqhubeka nokukhula (izinga lokukhula lonyaka licishe libe ngama-3%), futhi izinga lemali engenayo lizokhula ngokuqhubekayo (isilinganiso sokukhula kwaminyaka yonke sika-5% kuya ku-7%). izophinde ithuthukise amandla okuthenga aleli qembu. Amandla okuthenga aqinile kanye nesidingo semikhiqizo yekhwalithi kuzoqhubeza phambili ukukhula kwemakethe yezitolo ewela umngcele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni waseShayina uphinde weseka kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kokuthengiswa kwe-inthanethi okuwela imingcele ngenhloso yokudlulisela ukusetshenziswa kwaphesheya eChina. I-China isungule izindawo ezimbalwa ezinkulu zohwebo lwamahhala ezweni, ezizinikele ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ze-e-commerce eziwela imingcele (njengezindawo zokugcina izimpahla eziboshiwe). Ubuchwepheshe buphinde bubambe iqhaza elikhulu ekusizeni ukuthuthukiswa kwe-e-commerce ewela imingcele: Namuhla, abathengi bangaphequlula kalula imikhiqizo evela emhlabeni wonke ngaphandle kokushiya amakhaya abo ngokuthepha nje isikrini somakhalekhukhwini wabo. Abathengisi abasekho kuphela ezitolo zezitini nodaka, kodwa baya ngokuya bethuthela kumawebhusayithi aku-inthanethi, inkundla yezokuxhumana kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ukuze banikeze abathengi iziteshi ezihlukahlukene zokuthengisa. Ngokungeziwe ekuletheni ukuthengiswa kwe-omni-channel, ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa buphinde bathuthukisa kakhulu amakhono esevisi yokuhlela. Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa okungenazihibe kweziteshi zokuthengisa eziku-inthanethi namanethiwekhi wokuhanjiswa, ulwazi lwezokuthutha luzoba sobala kakhulu, okwenza kube lula kubathengi ukuthi babuze futhi balandelele ama-oda noma nini, noma kuphi. Ukunethezeka kokuthenga ku-inthanethi kuzoqhubeka nokugqugquzela ukukhula kwe-e-commerce ewela umngcele.
I-Cross-border e-commerce e-China
Imakethe yaseShayina ewela imingcele yokudayisa ikhule ngokushesha eminyakeni embalwa edlule: Phakathi kuka-2012 no-2016, inani lokuthengiswa kwezitolo ze-inthanethi laseShayina likhuphuke lisuka ku-RMB 293.7 billion laya ku-RMB 1,280.1 bhiliyoni, okuyisilinganiso sokukhula konyaka ngama-44%.
1 Ukungenisa nokuthekelisa isakhiwo
Izigaba zomkhiqizo abathengi baseShayina abathenga kuzo ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe (njenge-United States, Japan, Germany, South Korea, Australia, Netherlands, France, United Kingdom, Italy, New Zealand, njll.) ngokusebenzisa izinkundla ze-e-commerce zifaka phakathi izimonyo nemikhiqizo yezempilo, izincwadi nama-CD, Izingubo kanye nezinsiza, nehardware yekhompyutha nesofthiwe. Ngaso leso sikhathi, i-China iphinde ithumele omakhalekhukhwini nezinye izinsimbi, imfashini, ezempilo nobuhle, izinto zikagesi ezithengwayo, kanye nezemidlalo kanye nemikhiqizo yangaphandle e-United States, e-United Kingdom, e-Hong Kong, e-Brazil, eJalimane, e-France, e-Russia, e-Japan nase-United States. INingizimu Korea. Phakathi kwazo, ukwanda kwezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo, ukwenziwa ngcono kwamatemu, ukwanda kokutholakala kwesifunda, ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi, kanye nezintengo ezikhangayo yizona zinto eziyinhloko eziqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kokuthenga okushiwo ngenhla kwemingcele.
2 Ukuhlaziywa kwecala
Ukulawula amanani okuthengisa esiteshini:Ukufika kobuchwepheshe obusha kulethe amanani asobala kakhudlwana kubathengi, abathengisi kanye nezinkundla ze-e-commerce. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi abathengi bangakwazi ukuthenga kalula phesheya kwezilwandle ngosizo lwe-e-commerce ewela umngcele, ezinye izinhlobo zezitolo ziyabona kancane kancane ukuthi igebe lamanani phakathi kwezifunda ezihlukene zomhlaba kanye ne-inthanethi kanye nokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi lingase liholele esimweni semali engenayo engalingani phakathi kwezifunda ezahlukene kanye kuthinta imakethe. inzuzo. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi embonini yezimpahla zikanokusho enenzuzo enkulu. Ngakho-ke, amabhrendi amaningi amakhulu aseqalile ukulungisa amanani ukuze anciphise umehluko wamanani phakathi kwezifunda, okunciphisa ukukhanga kokuthenga okuwela imingcele ngokwezinga elithile.
Izinkampani ezihamba phambili ezihamba phambili zokulethwa kwezidingo kanye nezinkampani eziphuma eceleni esifundeni nazo zilungiselela ukusheshisa imizamo yazo ukuze zihlomule ekuhwebeni okukhulayo ezimakethe zeBelt and Road. I-SF Express yethule ibhizinisi lokungenisa eliboshiwe futhi yakha inkundla ye-e-commerce yemakethe yaseRussia; I-Best Huitong isungule isikhungo se-e-commerce esiwela umngcele kanye nesikhungo sokusabalalisa e-Xinjiang ukuze ixhume izimakethe zase-Asia Emaphakathi ne-Europe. "I-Cloud Warehouse" ingasiza abathengisi bendawo baseShayina ukuthi benze uhwebo lwedijithali lukaSilk Road; I-Li & Fung Logistics yakhe isikhungo sezokuthutha esingamamitha-skwele esi-1 e-Singapore ukuze sihlangabezane nesidingo esikhulayo sokuthunyelwa kwe-e-commerce kwe-ASEAN.
Ukukhula kwe-e-commerce eChina
Uma sibheka phambili, isidingo sabathengi semikhiqizo yaphesheya eyongayo sizoqhubekisela phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yezitolo ewela umngcele. Kodwa-ke, njengoba abalawuli beqhubeka bekhulisa ukunaka kwabo, inzuzo yentengo ebijatshulelwa ngaphambilini imikhiqizo edayiswa emngceleni izoba buthakathaka, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe kuzokwehla kancane kancane. Ngokombono kaMcKinsey, ngokwethula uchungechunge lwezinqubomgomo zokulawula ezenziwa nguhulumeni kanye nokulawulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwamanani okuthengisa amashaneli, ukukhula okuvelele kwangaphambilini kokudayiswa kwemingcele e-China kuzoba okunengqondo ngokwengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni uthathe izinyathelo ezikahle ukusiza ukuhwebelana kwe-e-border ukuthi kuthuthuke ngendlela enempilo futhi eqhubekayo.
1 Izinhlelo zikahulumeni
Inqubomgomo entsha yentela:Uhulumeni ubelokhu eqhubeka nokwenza ngcono inqubomgomo yentela yohwebo lwe-inthanethi oluwela imingcele ukuze kulawulwe uhlelo lwemboni futhi kuzuzwe intuthuko enempilo nelinganiselayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqaliswa kwenqubomgomo entsha yentela kuzoletha ukwanda kwentela yeposi, ngaleyo ndlela kunqande ukuthenga komuntu siqu; ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngemva kokuqaliswa kwenani elisha lentela, umthwalo wentela we-e-commerce owela umngcele uzoncishiswa, okuzoletha izinzuzo kumapulatifomu e-e-commerce. Ngaphezu kwezinguquko zezinqubomgomo zentela, uhulumeni uphinde wasungula amadolobha okulinga amapulatifomu/amapaki e-commerce awela imingcele ukuze ahehe izinkampani ezahlukene ze-e-commerce eziwela imingcele futhi akhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni. Inqubomgomo entsha yentela izosiza ukuqinisa ukubusa kukahulumeni, ukunqanda ukubalekela intela, futhi kwandiswe imali yentela ewela imingcele. Ingase futhi ikhulise isigaba sezimpahla ezingenisiwe ngokulungisa ukwakheka kwentela, njengokubeka amanani entela aphezulu emikhiqizweni yenani eliphezulu, ukukhuthaza ukungeniswa kwemikhiqizo enemisila emide, hhayi nje izimpahla ezithengiswa kakhulu. Ukwehliswa kwentela yokuposa kuzophinde kwenze abathengi bajike kakhulu ekuqondiseni imeyili ngemikhiqizo ebiza kancane/engabizi kakhulu. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukushintshwa okushelelayo kanye nokuqaliswa ngempumelelo kwenqubomgomo entsha yentela, uhulumeni wase-China ukuhlehlisele ukuqaliswa kwenqubomgomo entsha yentela kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2018 ngenxa yokucatshangelwa kwamasu. Ukukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuhwebelana mahhala: I-China ibilokhu ikhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuhweba mahhala kusukela i-Shanghai yasungula indawo yokuqala yokuhweba mahhala ngo-2013. Ngemva kuka-2015, izindawo ezihlukahlukene zaqala ukukopisha lo modeli, ngaleyo ndlela zandisa indawo yokuhweba mahhala ezweni lonke. . Kuze kube manje, kunezindawo zokuhweba zamahhala eziyi-18 ezweni laseChina. Ukusungulwa kwezindawo zohwebo lwamahhala/izinqolobane kanye nokwandiswa kwamadolobha okulinga ukuhweba nge-inthanethi kuye kwakhuthaza futhi izinkampani ze-e-commerce ukuthi zenze amabhizinisi awela imingcele. Ukwengeza, izinqubomgomo ezikhethwayo endaweni yohwebo lwamahhala nazo zisiza ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo ze-e-commerce eziwela imingcele kanye nokuhlanganiswa komnotho wesifunda. Abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ze-Logistics abaholwa yi-SF Express nabo bamagange ukugxumela esitimeleni se-"cross-border e-commerce", futhi sebeqalile ukusebenza endaweni yohwebo lwamahhala ukuze babambe amathuba emakethe ewela imingcele akhula ngokushesha ngokuhlinzeka ngokuningiliziwe. izinsiza zokungenisa nokuthekelisa. . “One Belt One Road”: Isinyathelo esithi “One Belt One Road” sihlose ukuvuselela Umgwaqo Kasilika wasendulo ube umgwaqo wesimanje wezokuthutha, uhwebo kanye nomhubhe wezomnotho, kube lula ukuhwebelana kwemingcele, nokudala "ithuba lokuphuma". Isibonelo, i-Alibaba yakhe isikhungo sokuqala se-World Electronic Trade Platform (eWTP) endaweni yokuhweba yamahhala yedijithali yaseMalaysia. Lesi sikhungo, esaqala ukusebenza ngo-2019, sihlose ukudlala indima yesizinda se-e-commerce logistics futhi sidale indawo yebhizinisi elula kakhudlwana yamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi aqhuba ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke.
2 Izinselele
I-Cross-border e-commerce iqukethe izigaba ezi-5: isimemezelo sempahla, indawo yokugcina impahla kanye nempahla, ukugunyazwa kwempahla, ukukhokhelwa kwentengiselwano kanye nesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa. Izinkinga ezihlangatshezwana nezinkampani ze-e-commerce zaseShayina eziwela umngcele zifaka: ukubambezeleka kokuvunyelwa kwentela, ukwakheka kwembuyiselo yentela eyinkimbinkimbi, izindleko eziphezulu zezokuthutha zamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nenkonzo engeyinhle ngemva kokuthengisa. Lezi zinkinga zingabangwa yizizathu ezilandelayo: ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-e-commerce ewela umngcele iyakhathaza, uma kubhekwa ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukukhipha nokuhlola imikhiqizo ngayinye ngayinye, futhi okwamanje kuphela ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo komkhiqizo okungenziwa, okuyinto kwenza kungenakugwemeka ukungabaza ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindinganiso ezibalulekile zemikhiqizo yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe zisadidekile, futhi "ukungqubuzana" akunakugwenywa ohlelweni lokugunyazwa kwamasiko kanye nokuhlukaniswa. Amamodeli endabuko emvume yempahla engokwesiko awasebenzi kahle Lezi zinhlobo zendabuko zivamile ekuhwebeni kwe-B2B nezimemezelo zempahla eningi. Kodwa-ke, ama-oda omsebenzi we-B2C we-e-commerce ewela umngcele ngokuvamile mancane futhi ahlakazekile, futhi amamodeli anjalo endabuko azokwandisa isikhathi sokuvalelwa kwabantu ngokwezifiso. Ukulawulwa kwezinkundla ze-e-commerce kusalele ngemuva kohwebo lwamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi neChina ngezinkundla ze-e-commerce. Izinkundla ezinjalo zihlukaniswa njengezinkampani zokungenisa nokuthekelisa uhulumeni wase-China. Uma imikhiqizo yenkampani inezinkinga zekhwalithi noma ibandakanya ukubalekela intela yemingcele, inkundla izojeziswa, hhayi inkampani ehambisanayo. Ukungasebenzi kahle ekuxazululeni izingxabano eziwela imingcele Ikhomishana Yezizwe Ezihlangene Zohwebo (i-United Nations International Trade Commission) iphakamise uchungechunge lwezinqubo zokuxazulula izingxabano ze-e-commerce eziwela imingcele ngo-2009. Indlela yokuxazulula izingxabano eshiwo ngenhla ayizange yamukelwe ngenxa izimangalo ezingahambisani zamazwe ahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kahle kwesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa nokuxazululwa kwezingxabano ze-e-commerce ewela umngcele kuphansi kakhulu.
Ukuhlukahluka ngokusebenzisa i-e-commerce ewela imingcele Ubhubhane olusha lomqhele lusabalala ngokushesha, luthinta cishe wonke amazwe emhlabeni. Phakathi nalolu bhubhane, ngenxa yezigaba zokuthuthuka ezihluke kakhulu zamazwe ahlukahlukene, ukusebenza kokuziphatha kwabathengi okuhlobene nokungeniswa ngaphandle kwe-e-commerce okuzimele ezimakethe ezinkulu nakho kuhlukile. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi inani lamacala emazweni amaningi lafinyelela inani eliphakeme ngalinye ngalinye ngaphambi kukaMeyi 2020, izinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo nezinkampani ezidayisayo ezithengisa kuzo zonke izimakethe nazo zilinganisa ukuthengisa phakathi kwezimakethe ezahlukene ngendlela efanele; amazwe amaningi aze afakaza phakathi nalolu bhubhane. Ukuthengiswa kwe-e-commerce kwamazwe ngamazwe.
Ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuthuthukisa Abathengisi be-inthanethi abawela imingcele kumele benze uhambo lokuthenga lube lula futhi banikeze ulwazi lokuthenga olungenazihibe olufanelana nezintandokazi zokuthenga zemakethe ngayinye ukuze bathole imbuyiselo enenzuzo engalethwa yi-e-commerce ewela umngcele. Njengoba abathengi abaningi ngokwengeziwe bejoyina ukuthenga ku-inthanethi, abathengisi bazophinda badinge ukulungisa isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuthenga ukuze banikeze umuzwa wokuthenga wasendaweni ofana nezwe lapho abathengi batholakala khona. Lezi zici zihlanganisa: ukubuka izintengo nezinkokhelo ngohlobo lwemali yangakini, ukwamukela izindlela zokukhokha ezikhethekile kanye nezinye, ukubala kwentela okuzenzakalelayo nokuxhasa ukukhokha kusengaphambili, ukunikezela ngemikhumbi nezimbuyiselo ezithengekayo, nokunye.
Izinkinga ezithile okufanele zixazululwe ngesikhathi sobhubhane:
Buyekeza ulwazi olufanele lwemakethe eqondiwe. Amapulatifomu e-e-commerce kufanele axhumane ngokucacile nabathengi emhlabeni wonke, futhi akhulume ngokucacile ukuthi ukuthenga ku-inthanethi kubavulekele ngempela yini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkundla kufanele futhi zinikeze abathengi umuzwa oqondile, wasendaweni wamakhasimende. Ukwethula Amaphromoshini Nezaphulelo Amaphromoshini nezaphulelo bekulokhu kuyindlela esebenzayo yabathengisi yokuguqula ithrafikhi ibe ukuthengisa futhi bakhuphule amanani okuguqulwa kwamakhasimende. Ukwamukela imodeli yezinkampani eziningi ezithwala impahla yamazwe ngamazwe Uhambo oluwela imingcele luye lwaphazanyiswa ukuvalwa kwemingcele kanye nokuhlukaniswa nekhaya, futhi izindiza ezithwala impahla zamazwe ngamazwe nazo zehliswe kakhulu, okubangele ukubambezeleka kokulethwa kwezinye izimakethe. Imodeli yezinkampani zezinkampani eziningi ivumela izinkampani ezithwala impahla ukuthi zisebenzise imikhumbi yazo, okusho ukuthi abathengisi bangagwema ukulethwa ukubambezeleka ngangokunokwenzeka, banciphise umthelela wobhubhane ekuziphatheni kwe-e-commerce okuwela imingcele, futhi bathuthukise ikhwalithi yesevisi yamakhasimende. Xhumana ngokungagunci nabathengi bomhlaba Ngezinkundla ze-e-commerce, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalokho okulindelwe ngamakhasimende ngangokunokwenzeka futhi unikeze izinsizakalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, kufanele zikhulume ngokungagwegwesi kubathengi bomhlaba wonke, zazise ngokusobala ukuthi kungase kube nokubambezeleka ekulethweni kwezimpahla, futhi zinikeze. ulwazi lwe-oda lesikhathi sangempela. ithrekhi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sobhadane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkundla kufanele zinikeze izinketho ezilula zokubuyisela futhi zilungise izinqubomgomo zokubuyisela ukuze zivumele isikhathi esanele sokuthi abathengi babuye.
Ukuvalwa kwemingcele nokuhlukaniswa nomphakathi kuye kwashukumisela abathengi abaningi ukuba bakhethe ukuthenga ku-inthanethi, futhi iziteshi ze-e-commerce ngokwemvelo seziphenduke inketho yokuqala yabathengi. Yize noma izitolo zezitini nodaka kwezinye izimakethe seziqale kabusha ibhizinisi, umdlandla wabathengi wokuthenga ku-inthanethi awukanciphi. UMcKinsey ukholelwa ukuthi inqubo yokuthenga nge-inthanethi izosheshisa kuphela, futhi ubhubhane olusha lomqhele ngeke luvimbe ukukhula kwalo okuqhumayo kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo kusheshise ukuguqulwa kwemikhiqizo ye-inthanethi yomhlaba wonke ibe yimodeli ye-D2C (eqonde ngqo kumthengi). Lokhu ngeke kusize kuphela amabhrendi abhekane ngokuphumelelayo nokwehla kwethrafikhi yezitolo ezingokoqobo, kodwa futhi nokulondoloza ubunikazi bomkhiqizo kanye nenani ngesikhathi sokushintshela ekuthengiseni nge-e-commerce. Umehluko ekusebenzeni phakathi kwezimakethe ezinkulu ugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuhlukahluka, okuphinda kukhombe indlela yekusasa lezinkundla ze-e-commerce. Ngokuthembela kumapulatifomu e-e-commerce, abathengisi abakwazi nje ukwandisa imakethe yomhlaba wonke, kodwa futhi bahlukanise izingozi. Njengeminotho emibili ekhula ngokushesha kuleli khulunyaka, umkhakha we-e-commerce waseChina uyadlondlobala. Iholwa yiShayina, ukuhwebelana kwemingcele kuzofaka umfutho omusha ekusaseni le-e-commerce futhi kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni ngokwayo kanye nezwe lonke. Ngokuxegiswa kancane kancane kwezinyathelo ezivimbelayo zamanje, imakethe yasekhaya ye-e-commerce izoshintsha kakhulu. Izinkampani ezibaluleke ngempela zizokwazi ukweqa imingcele futhi zamukele ukuhlolwa okunonya kwezibhamu zangempela emakethe yomhlaba wonke. Ngakho-ke, bobabili ohulumeni kazwelonke nezinhlangano zamabhizinisi kufanele balwele ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwabo ukuze bawine emqhudelwaneni wezimakethe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-17-2022