Abathengi emphakathini wanamuhla bawunaka kakhulu umqondo wokuvikelwa kwemvelo, futhi incazelo yabathengi abaningi yekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ishintshile buthule. Umbono onembile 'wokuhogela' komkhiqizo usuphenduke enye yezinkomba eziyinhloko kubathengi ukuze bahlole ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngokuvamile abathengi bamane baphawule ngomkhiqizo njengokuthi: "Lapho uvula iphakheji, kukhona iphunga lepulasitiki eliqinile, elibukhali kakhulu" noma "Lapho uvula ibhokisi lezicathulo, kukhona iphunga elinamandla leglue, futhi umkhiqizo uzwa. abaphansi". Umthelela awubekezeleleki kubakhiqizi abaningi. Iphunga umuzwa onembile kakhulu wabathengi. Uma kudingeka ukulinganisa okunembe ngokuqhathaniswa, sidinga ukuqonda umqondo wama-VOC.
1. Ayini ama-VOC nokuhlukaniswa kwawo?
Ama-VOC isifinyezo segama lesiNgisi elithi "Volatile Organic Compounds" lama-organic compounds aguquguqukayo. Kokubili izinhlanganisela eziphilayo zesiShayina eziguquguqukayo kanye nezingxube ze-organic ezishintshashintshayo zesiNgisi zinde, ngakho kuwumkhuba ukusebenzisa ama-VOC noma i-VOC okwesikhashana.I-TVOC(Ingqikithi Yezingxube Ezishintshashintshayo Zezinto Eziphilayo) ichazwa ngokuvumelana namazinga athile: isampula ye-Tenax GC ne-Tenax TA, ihlaziywa ngekholomu ye-chromatographic engeyona indawo ezungezile (inkomba ye-polarity ingaphansi kuka-10), futhi isikhathi sokugcina siphakathi kwe-n-hexane ne-n-hexadecane Itemu elijwayelekile lamakhompiyutha aphilayo aguquguqukayo. Ibonisa izinga eliphelele lama-VOC futhi yilona elivame kakhulu okwamanjeimfuneko yokuhlola. I-SVOC(Ama-Semi Volatile Organic Compounds): Izinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezikhona emoyeni akuwona nje ama-VOC. Amanye ama-organic compounds angaba khona kanye kanye esimweni segesi kanye nezinhlayiya ze-particle ekamelweni lokushisa, futhi isilinganiso ezigabeni ezimbili sizoshintsha njengoba izinga lokushisa lishintsha. Izinhlanganisela ezinjalo zemvelo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-semi-volatile organic compounds, noma ama-SVOCs ngamafuphi.I-NVOCKukhona futhi amanye ama-organic compounds akhona kuphela endabeni yezinhlayiya ekamelweni lokushisa, futhi angama-organic compounds angaguquki, abizwa ngokuthi ama-NVOC. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ama-VOC, ama-SVOC noma ama-NVOC emkhathini, wonke abamba iqhaza ezinqubweni zamakhemikhali nezomzimba zasemkhathini, futhi ezinye zazo zingabeka engozini impilo yomuntu ngokuqondile. Baletha imiphumela yemvelo ehlanganisa nokuthinta izinga lomoya, okuthinta isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu, njll.
2. Yiziphi izinto eziqukethwe ikakhulukazi kuma-VOC?
Ngokwesakhiwo samakhemikhali sezinto eziphilayo ezishintshashintshayo (VOCs), zingaphinde zihlukaniswe zibe izigaba ezingu-8: ama-alkanes, ama-hydrocarbons anephunga elimnandi, ama-alkenes, ama-halogenated hydrocarbons, ama-esters, ama-aldehydes, ama-ketones nezinye izinhlanganisela. Ngokombono wokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kubhekiselwa kakhulu ohlotsheni lwezinhlanganisela eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo ezinezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezisebenzayo. Ama-VOC ajwayelekile afaka i-benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, trichlorethylene, chloroform, trichloroethane, diisocyanate (TDI), diisocyanocresyl, njll.
Izingozi zama-VOCs?
(1) Ukucasuka kanye nobuthi: Uma ama-VOC edlula inani elithile, azocasula amehlo nendlela yokuphefumula yabantu, abangele ukungezwani komzimba nesikhumba, umphimbo obuhlungu nokukhathala; Ama-VOC angadlula kalula emgodleni wegazi nobuchopho futhi alimaze isimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi; Ama-VOC angalimaza isibindi somuntu, izinso, ubuchopho nohlelo lwezinzwa.
(2) I-Carcinogenicity, i-teratogenicity kanye nobuthi besistimu yokuzala. Njenge-formaldehyde, p-xylene (PX), njll.
(3) Umphumela we-Greenhouse, ezinye izinto ze-VOC ziyizinto ezandulela i-ozone, futhi ukusabela kwe-photochemical kwe-VOC-NOx kukhulisa ukugcwala kwe-ozone ku-troposphere emkhathini futhi kuthuthukisa umphumela we-greenhouse.
(4) Ukucekelwa phansi kwe-ozone: Ngaphansi kokusebenza kokukhanya kwelanga nokushisa, ibamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwama-nitrogen oxide akhe i-ozone, okuholela ezingeni eliphansi lomoya futhi okuyingxenye eyinhloko yentuthu ye-photochemical kanye nenkungu yasemadolobheni ehlobo.
(5) PM2.5, ama-VOC asemkhathini athatha cishe u-20% kuya ku-40% we-PM2.5, futhi ingxenye ye-PM2.5 iguqulwa isuka kuma-VOC.
Kungani izinkampani zidinga ukulawula ama-VOC emikhiqizweni?
- 1. Ukushoda kwezinto ezinhle kakhulu zomkhiqizo kanye namaphuzu okuthengisa.
- 2. I-Homogenization yemikhiqizo kanye nokuncintisana okunamandla. Impi yentengo ibangele ukwehla kwenzuzo ezinkampanini, okuyenza ingakwazi ukusimama.
- 3. Izikhalazo zabathengi, ukubuyekezwa okubi. Le nto inomthelela omkhulu embonini yezimoto. Lapho abathengi bekhetha imoto, ngaphezu kwezidingo zokusebenza, inkomba yephunga eliphuma ngaphakathi kwemoto yanele ukushintsha ukukhetha kokugcina.
4. Umthengi uyawenqaba futhi awubuyisele umkhiqizo. Ngenxa yesikhathi eside sokugcinwa endaweni evaliwe yesitsha semikhiqizo yasekhaya, iphunga liba likhulu lapho kuvulwa isiqukathi, okubangela ukuthi isisebenzi sezokuthutha senqabe ukuthulula umkhiqizo, umthengi awunqabe, noma afune ukucophelela. uphenyo lomthombo wephunga, ukuhlolwa kwengozi, njll. Noma umkhiqizo ukhipha iphunga elinamandla ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa (njengalokhu: isithombo somoya, ihhavini, isifudumezi nesipholile, njll.), okubangela abathengi ukuthi bawubuyise umkhiqizo.
5. Izidingo zemithetho neziqondiso. Ukuthuthukiswa kwakamuva kwe-EU kweizidingo zokukhishwa kwe-formaldehydeku-Annex XVII ye-REACH (izidingo eziyisibopho) zibeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yebhizinisi. Eminyakeni yakamuva, izidingo zezwe lami zokulawula ama-VOC nazo bezivamile, ngisho zihamba phambili emhlabeni. Isibonelo, ngemuva kwesigameko "somzila wezindiza onoshevu" esidonse ukunaka kwabantu abaningi emphakathini, kwethulwa izindinganiso kazwelonke eziyisibopho zezindawo zepulasitiki zezemidlalo. I-Blue Sky Defense yethule uchungechunge lweizidingo eziyisibophongemikhiqizo yezinto ezibonakalayo nokunye.
I-TTSsekuyisikhathi eside izibophezele ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokutholwa kwe-VOC, inethimba lochwepheshe lobuchwepheshe kanye nesethi ephelele yeukuhlolaimishini, futhi ingahlinzeka amakhasimende ngezinsizakalo zokuma okukodwa ukusuka ekulawuleni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kuya ekulandeleleni komkhiqizo wokugcina we-VOC. eyodwa.Mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-VOCIsevisi yokuhlola i-VOC ingathatha izindlela ezihlukene ezihlosiwe zemikhiqizo ehlukene kanye nezinhloso ezahlukene: 1. Izinto ezingasetshenzisiwe: indlela yesikhwama se-micro-cage (isikhwama sesampula sokuhlolwa okukhethekile kwe-VOC), indlela yokuhlaziya okushisayo 2. Umkhiqizo oqediwe: isikhwama Indlela evamile ye-VOC yendawo yokugcina impahla ( imininingwane ehlukene ihambisana nosayizi abahlukene bemikhiqizo) isetshenziswa: izingubo, izicathulo, amathoyizi, izinto zikagesi ezincane, njll. Izici: I-Bureau Veritas inikeza izinsizakalo zezindlela ezinkulu zokugcina impahla, ezifanele isethi ephelele yefenisha (njengamasofa, Izingubo zokugqoka, njll.) noma ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwemishini emikhulu yasendlini (amafriji, ama-air conditioner). Ezintweni zikagesi zasendlini, ukuhlolwa okuphindwe kabili kwesimo sokusebenza nokungaqhubeki kwawo wonke umshini kungenziwa ukuze kulingise ukukhishwa kwe-VOC komkhiqizo endaweni yokuhamba noma yokusetshenziswa kwegumbi.Okwesibili: Ukuhlolwa kwephunga I-TTSusenesikhathi eside wenza izinsiza zokuhlola i-VOC, futhi unethimba lakhe lokuhlola iphunga elithi "golden nose", elingahlinzekaolunembile, inhlosofuthifairamasevisi okulinganisa iphunga emikhiqizweni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-07-2023