Izitsha zobumba ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke ngokuvamile zibhekisela ezitsheni zokuphila kwansuku zonke zabantu, njengezitsha zetafula, amasethi etiye, amasethi ewayini noma ezinye izitsha. Ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu semakethe, njengomhloli, maningi amathuba okuxhumana nemikhiqizo enjalo. Namuhla, ngizokwabelana nawe ngolwazi oluthile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwezitsha zobumba ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke.
Umehluko Phakathi Kwezitsha Zobumba Nobumba
Umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-ceramics
Ukuhlolwa kokupakishwa
Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwephakheji kufanele kwenziwe ngokuvumelana nesivumelwano esithile esisayinwe yizo zombili izinhlangothi. Ukupakishwa kwangaphandle kufanele kuqine, futhi ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi kufanele lwenziwe ngezinto ezivikela ukushaqeka; izingxenye zomkhiqizo, njenge-teapot nesivalo, kufanele zihlukaniswe ngephepha elithambile. Ngaphandle kwebhokisi lokupakisha (ubhasikidi), kufanele kube nezimpawu “zezinto ezintekenteke” kanye “nezinto ezingangenwa umswakama”.
Ngemva kokuqaqa, kufanele uhlole ukuthi ingabe ukhona yini umonakalo kanye nenani lezicucu lifushane, nokuthi igama lomkhiqizo kanye nencazelo yemodeli kuyahambisana yini nesivumelwano. I-porcelain ecolekile kufanele futhi ihlole ukuphelela kwayo, njengokuthi ingqikithi yenani lezitsha ze-porcelain ezinhle ezisesethi ephelele (eyaziwa ngokuthi mangaki amakhanda) ilungile.
Ukuhlola iphutha lokubukeka
1. Ukuguqulwa: kubhekisela ekumeni komkhiqizo okungahambisani nomklamo oshiwo.
2. Umlomo nesibambo sendlebe esigwegwile: Ukuphakama komlomo nesibambo sendlebe akukhululekile futhi kutshekile.
3. Induna: Isho ukuma okuqinile okufana nesimila somzimba ocwebezelayo.
4. Ibhamuza: isho ibhamuza elingenalutho eliphakanyiswe emzimbeni ocwebezelayo.
5. I-Slag: Isho ukukhubazeka okubangelwa udaka nezinsalela ezicwebezelayo endaweni engenalutho ezingakasuswa.
6. Ukuntuleka kodaka: kubhekisela kwinto yokuthi umzimba oluhlaza awuphelele.
7. Ibhamuza elicwebezelayo: libhekisela kumabhamuza amancane ebusweni becwebezela.
8. Unqenqema lwamabhamuza: lubhekisela ochungechungeni lwamabhamuza amancane avela onqenqemeni lomlomo womkhiqizo.
9. Ukuqhuma okungenalutho: Kubhekisela ekucwecweni kwendawo okubangelwa ukulawulwa umswakama okungafanele ngaphambi kokuba okungenalutho kungene kuhhovini.
10. I-glaze ethosiwe: ibhekisela kwinto yokuqhekeka endaweni ecwebezelayo yomkhiqizo.
11. Imifantu: isho ukukhubazeka okuqinile okwakhiwa ukuqhekeka kwezikhala nama-glaze, ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezintathu. Owokuqala wumfantu ombozwe yi-glaze, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-yin crack. Okwesibili ukuthi i-glaze iyaqhekeka futhi umzimba awuqhekeki, okubizwa ngokuthi i-glaze cracking. Okwesithathu ukuthi kokubili umzimba kanye ne-glaze kuqhekekile, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuqhekeka kokubili komzimba kanye ne-glaze.
12. Imbobo encibilikisiwe: isho imbobo ekhiqizwe ukuncibilika kwento efusible ngesikhathi sokudubula.
13. Amabala: kubhekiselwa kumabala anombala phezu kwempahla, eyaziwa nangokuthi amabala ensimbi.
14. Izimbotshana: kubhekise ezimbotsheni ezincane (noma izimbotshana zengulube enamehlo ansundu, izimbotshana) ezikhona endaweni ecwebezelayo.
15. Ukuwa kwe-slag: kubhekisela kumlotha we-saggar nezinye izinhlayiya ze-slag ezinamathele endaweni ecwebezelayo yomkhiqizo.
16. I-slag enamathele enqenqemeni engezansi: ibhekisela ezinhlayiyeni ezincane ze-slag ezinamathele emaphethelweni onyawo lomkhiqizo.
17. Iphoyinti lenaliti: umkhondo oshiywe ukusekelwa kumkhiqizo.
18. Isibazi esinamathelayo: isici esidalwa ukuhlangana phakathi komzimba oluhlaza nento yangaphandle ngesikhathi sokudubula.
19. Iva lomlilo: Indawo ensundu emangelengele ebangelwa umlotha wempukane elangabini.
20. Ukuntuleka kokucwebezela: Kubhekisela ekuncipheni ingxenye yomkhiqizo.
I-21, i-orange glaze: ibhekisela ku-glaze efana nekhasi lewolintshi.
22. I-Mud glaze strand: ibhekisela kwinto efana ne-strand yomzimba oluhlaza kanye nendawo ecwebezelayo ephakanyiswa kancane.
23. I-glaze izacile: Isho ungqimba olucwebezelayo olungaphezulu komkhiqizo, olwakha isithombe sokuthi indawo ecwebezelayo ayikhanyi.
24. Umbala ongcolile: ubhekisela ekubukeni kwemibala ehlukahlukene ebusweni bomkhiqizo okungafanele ube khona.
25. Umbala ongalungile: ubhekisela kumbala ongalingani wephethini efanayo noma isenzakalo sokuntuleka kokukhanya okubangelwa ukuntuleka komlilo.
26. Ukuntuleka kwemigqa: kubhekisela emaphutheni emigqa namaphethelo ahlotshiswe ngemigqa.
27. Ukushoda kwesithombe: Kubhekisela esimweni sesithombe esingaphelele nombala ongalungile.
28. I-flower sticky glaze ebhakiwe: ibhekisela emabala anemibala kanye nokulimala kwe-glaze endaweni ecwebezelayo yomkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokubhaka.
29. Izinyawo ezingcolile zangaphansi: Kubhekisela kokunye ukungcola okunamathela ezinyaweni ezingezansi nokushintsha kombala.
30. Umehluko wombala wodaka oluhlangene lomlomo nendlebe: Umbala wodaka oluhlangene lomlomo nendlebe awuhambisani nomkhiqizo ngokwawo.
31. I-Gypsum engcolile: ibhekisela ku-heterochromatic phenomenon yomzimba oluhlaza ngenxa yokunamathela kwe-gypsum.
32. Igolide Eliluhlaza: Isenzakalo esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esibangelwa insimbi ukuba izacile kakhulu.
33. Ukubhenywa: kusho ukubonakala kokumpunga, okumnyama nokunsundu ingxenye noma wonke umkhiqizo.
34. I-Yin yellow: ibhekisela ekuphuzini okuyingxenye noma okuphelele komkhiqizo.
35. Ukuklwebheka okukhazimulayo: kubhekisela kwinto yokulandelana nokulahlekelwa ingxenye yegloss endaweni ecwebezelayo yempahla.
36. I-Bump: isho umthelela omncane noma ukucwiywa kwezimpahla, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukulimala kanzima.
37. Imikhondo egoqayo: isho iminonjana emise okwe-arc ekhiqizwa ngokugoqeka noma ngokucindezela ummese.
38. Iphethini ye-Wavy: ibhekisela kuphethini ye-wavy evezwe i-glaze engalingani yomkhiqizo.
Ukuhlolwa kwenkomba yePhysical and chemical
1. Ukuhlolwa kokumuncwa kwamanzi kwezitsha zobumba ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke
2. Ukuhlolwa kokuzinza okushisayo kwezitsha zobumba zasendlini
3. Ubumhlophe bezitsha zobumba zansuku zonke
4. Ukuhlolwa kokuncibilika komthofu kanye ne-cadmium kwezitsha zobumba ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke.
Ukuhlolwa Kwansuku zonke Kwe-Porcelain Enhle
1. Imininingwane ye-porcelain enhle ukuze isetshenziswe nsuku zonke
Imininingwane yomkhiqizo ihlukaniswe yaba ekhethekile, enkulu, emaphakathi, kanye nemincane. Okuqukethwe okuthile kukhonjisiwe kuthebula:
2. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-porcelain enhle ukuze isetshenziswe nsuku zonke
I-porcelain emihle yansuku zonke ihlukaniswe ngamamaki amane ngokuya ngekhwalithi yokubukeka, futhi izidingo ezithile zimi kanje:
Zingabi ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezi-4 zokukhubazeka ngomkhiqizo ngamunye wemikhiqizo esezingeni lokuqala;
Imikhiqizo yesigaba sesibili akufanele idlule amaphutha ama-5 ngomkhiqizo ngamunye;
Umkhiqizo ngamunye womkhiqizo wezinga lesithathu akufanele udlule izinhlobo eziyisi-6 zokukhubazeka;
Umkhiqizo ngamunye weBanga lesi-4 akufanele ube nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweziyisi-7 zamaphutha;
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuya ngendinganiso, kuyadingeka futhi:
1. Izinga lokumunca amanzi akufanele lidlule ku-0.5%.
2. Izidingo zokuzinza ezishisayo, ukusuka ku-200 ℃ ukuya ku-20 ℃ emanzini, ukushintshaniswa kokushisa ngeke kuqhekeke kanye (i-bone china ayikhawulelwe).
3. Ubumhlophe be-porcelain emhlophe akumele bube ngaphansi kuka-65%, ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo ene-blue glaze nesitayela sombala esikhethekile.
4. Ukuqedwa komthofu endaweni yokuxhumana nokudla akukho ngaphezu kwe-7PPM, futhi ukuchithwa kwe-cadmium akukho ngaphezu kwe-0.5PPM.
5. Ukubekezelelana kobubanzi. Ngobubanzi obulingana noma obungaphezulu kuka-60 mm, vumela ukusuka ku-+1.5% ukuya ku- -1%; ngobubanzi obungaphansi kuka-60 mm, vumela u-±2%.
6. Uma ibhodwe litshekile ngamadigri angu-70, isivalo akufanele siwe. Uma isivalo sithuthelwa ohlangothini olulodwa, ibanga phakathi kwesivalo kanye ne-spout akufanele lidlule u-3 mm. Umlomo we-spout akufanele ube ngaphansi kuka-3 mm ukusuka ku-spout.
7. Umbala ocwebezelayo nombala wesithombe seqoqo lemikhiqizo kufanele ufane, futhi imininingwane nosayizi kufanele kulingane.
8. Akukho ukuthosa okucwebezelayo, ukuqhuma, ukuqhekeka nokuvuza okuvunyelwe.
Ukuhlolwa kwezitsha zobumba ezinhle nsuku zonke
1. Imininingwane yezitsha zobumba ezinhle zansuku zonke
Imininingwane yomkhiqizo ihlukaniswe yaba ekhethekile, enkulu, emaphakathi, kanye nemincane. Okuqukethwe okuthile kukhonjisiwe kuthebula
2. Ukuhlelwa kwezitsha zobumba ezinhle zansuku zonke
Izitsha zobumba ezinhle zansuku zonke zihlukaniswe ngamabanga amathathu ngokuya ngekhwalithi yokubukeka, izidingo ezithile zimi kanje:
Imikhiqizo esezingeni lokuqala akufanele yeqe amaphutha ama-5 ngomkhiqizo ngamunye;
Imikhiqizo yesigaba sesibili akufanele idlule amaphutha ayi-6 ngomkhiqizo ngamunye;
Umkhiqizo ngamunye womkhiqizo wesigaba sesithathu akufanele udlule izinhlobo eziyisi-8 zokukhubazeka;
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-standard ibeka ukuthi:
1. Izinga lamasondo liminyene, futhi izinga lokumunca amanzi alidluli ku-15%.
2. I-glaze surface ibushelelezi futhi umbala uhlanzekile.
3. Izidingo zokuzinza ezishisayo, ukusuka ku-200 ℃ ukuya ku-20 ℃ emanzini, ukushintshaniswa kokushisa ngeke kuqhekeke kanye.
4. Umkhiqizo kumele ube isicaba futhi uzinze uma ubekwe endaweni eyisicaba.
5. Ukubekezelela ububanzi bomkhiqizo, ukubekezelelana kungu-+1.5% kuya ku-1% ububanzi obukhulu noma obulingana no-60 mm, futhi ukubekezelelana kungu-± 2% ububanzi obungaphansi kuka-60 mm.
6. Ubukhulu besivalo kanye nomlomo wayo yonke imikhiqizo emboziwe kufanele ifaneleke.
7. Umkhiqizo awuvunyelwe ukuba ne-frying glaze, ukuqhuma, ukuqhekeka nokuvuza, futhi awekho amabhamuza okuvula nokuqhekeka emaphethelweni omlomo nasemakhoneni.
8. Umbala ocwebezelayo, isithombe kanye nokucwebezela kwesethi ephelele yemikhiqizo kufanele kufane ngokuyisisekelo, futhi imininingwane nosayizi kufanele kulingane.
9. Ukuqedwa komthofu endaweni yokuxhumana nokudla akukho ngaphezu kwe-7PPM, futhi ukuchithwa kwe-cadmium akukho ngaphezu kwe-0.5PPM.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-16-2022