Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukwenziwa kwezimboni kwama-drones bekulokhu kuyinhlansi futhi kungavimbeki. Inkampani yocwaningo iGoldman Sachs ibikezela ukuthi imakethe yama-drone izoba nethuba lokufinyelela ku-US $ 100 billion ngo-2020.
01 Izindinganiso zokuhlola i-Drone
Njengamanje, kunamayunithi angaphezu kuka-300 asebenza embonini ye-civil drone ezweni lami, kuhlanganise namabhizinisi amakhulu angaba ngu-160, asungule uhlelo oluphelele lwe-R&D, ukukhiqiza, ukuthengisa kanye nohlelo lwezinsizakalo. Ukuze kulawulwe imboni yezindiza ezivamile, izwe liye lathuthukisa kancane kancane izidingo zezinga zikazwelonke ezihambisanayo.
Izindinganiso zokuhlola ukuhambisana kwe-UAV kagesi
I-GB/17626-2006 amazinga wochungechunge wokuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic;
I-GB/9254-2008 Imikhawulo yokuphazamiseka komsakazo nezindlela zokulinganisa zemishini yobuchwepheshe bolwazi;
I-GB/T17618-2015 Imikhawulo yokuvikeleka kwemishini yobuchwepheshe bolwazi kanye nezindlela zokulinganisa.
Izindinganiso zokuhlola ukuphepha kolwazi lwe-Drone
I-GB/T 20271-2016 Ubuchwepheshe bokuphepha kolwazi izidingo zobuchwepheshe ezijwayelekile zezinhlelo zolwazi;
I-YD/T 2407-2013 Izidingo zobuchwepheshe zamakhono okuphepha wamatheminali ahlakaniphile eselula;
I-QJ 20007-2011 Imininingwane ejwayelekile yokuzulazula ngesathelayithi nemishini yokwamukela ukuzulazula.
Izindinganiso zokuhlola ukuphepha kwe-Drone
I-GB 16796-2009 Izidingo zokuphepha nezindlela zokuhlola zemishini ye-alamu yokuvikela.
02 izinto zokuhlola ze-UAV kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe
Ukuhlolwa kwe-drone kunezidingo zobuchwepheshe eziphezulu. Okulandelayo yizinto eziphambili kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe zokuhlolwa kwe-drone:
Ukuhlolwa kwepharamitha yendiza
Ukuhlolwa kwemingcele yendiza ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi ukuphakama kwendiza okukhulu, isikhathi esiphezulu sokubekezela, indawo engaba yindiza, isivinini esikhulu sokundiza esivundlile, ukunemba kokulawula ithrekhi, ibanga lokulawula kude, ukumelana nomoya, isivinini esikhulu sokukhuphuka, njll.
Ubukhulu bokuhlolwa kwesivinini sendiza evundlile
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokusebenza, i-drone ikhuphukela endaweni ephakeme yamamitha angu-10 futhi irekhoda ibanga elingu-S1 eliboniswe kusilawuli ngalesi sikhathi;
I-drone indizela ibheke phezulu ngesivinini esiphezulu imizuzwana eyi-10, futhi irekhoda ibanga elingu-S2 elikhonjiswe kusilawuli ngalesi sikhathi;
Bala isivinini esikhulu sokundiza esivundlile ngokuya ngefomula (1).
Ifomula 1: V=(S2-S1)/10
Qaphela: V isivinini esiphezulu sendiza esivundlile, ngamamitha ngomzuzwana (m/s); I-S1 ibanga lokuqala eliboniswa kusilawuli, ngamamitha (m); I-S2 ibanga lokugcina eliboniswa kusilawuli, ngamamitha (m).
Ukuhlolwa okuphezulu kokuphakama kwendiza
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokusebenza, i-drone ikhuphukela endaweni ephakeme yamamitha angu-10 futhi irekhoda ukuphakama kwe-H1 okuboniswe kusilawuli ngalesi sikhathi;
Bese ulayini ubude bese ubhala ubude H2 obuvezwe kusilawuli ngalesi sikhathi;
Bala ukuphakama kwendiza okukhulu ngokwefomula (2).
Ifomula 2: H＝H2－H1
Qaphela: H ubude bobude bokundiza bendiza engenawayo, ngamamitha (m); I-H1 ubude bendiza bokuqala obuboniswa kusilawuli, ngamamitha (m); I-H2 ubude bokugcina bendiza obuboniswa kusilawuli, ngamamitha (m).
Ubukhulu bokuhlolwa kwempilo yebhethri
Sebenzisa ibhethri eligcwaliswe ngokugcwele ukuze ulihlole, phakamisa indiza engenantambo ifike kubude obungamamitha angu-5 bese uhambisa phezulu, sebenzisa isitophuwashi ukuze uqale ukubeka isikhathi, futhi umise isikhathi lapho indiza edonsayo yehla ngokuzenzakalelayo. Isikhathi esirekhodiwe isikhathi esiphezulu sempilo yebhethri.
Ukuhlolwa kwerediyasi yendiza
Ibanga lendiza elikhonjiswe kusilawuli esirekhodayo lisho ibanga lokundiza le-drone ukusuka ekuqalisweni ukuya nokubuya. Irediyasi yendiza iyibanga lendiza elirekhodwe kusilawuli lihlukaniswe ngo-2.
ukuhlolwa kwendlela yendiza
Dweba indilinga enobubanzi obuyi-2m emhlabathini; phakamisa i-drone ukusuka endaweni eyindilinga uye kumamitha ayi-10 bese uhambisa phezulu imizuzu eyi-15. Qaphela ukuthi ingabe ukuma okuqondile kwe-drone kuyawedlula yini lo mbuthano phakathi nokuhambisa phezulu. Uma ukuma okuqondile kungeqi lo mbuthano, ukunemba kokulawula ithrekhi okuvundlile kungu-≤1m; phakamisa i-drone ibe ubude obungamamitha angu-50 bese uhambisa phezulu imizuzu engu-10, futhi urekhode amanani aphezulu kanye nobuncane bokuphakama aboniswa kusilawuli phakathi nenqubo yokuzulazula. Inani lobude obubili kukhishwe ubude lapho uhambisa phezulu kuwukunemba kokulawula ithrekhi. Ukunemba kokulawula ithrekhi okuqondile kufanele kube <10m.
Ukuhlolwa kwebanga lesilawuli kude
Okusho ukuthi, ungabheka kukhompuyutha noma i-APP ukuthi i-drone indizele ebangeni elishiwo opharetha, futhi kufanele ukwazi ukulawula ukundiza kwe-drone ngekhompyutha/APP.
Ukuhlola ukumelana komoya
Izimfuneko: Ukusuka okuvamile, ukuhlala kanye nokundiza kungenzeka emoyeni ongekho ngaphansi kwezinga lesi-6.
Ukubeka ukuhlolwa kokunemba
Ukunemba kokuma kwama-drones kuncike kubuchwepheshe, futhi ububanzi bokunemba okungafinyelelwa ngama-drones ahlukene buzohluka. Hlola ngokuya ngesimo sokusebenza senzwa kanye nebanga lokunemba elimakwe kumkhiqizo.
Kume mpo: ±0.1m (lapho ukuma okubukwayo kusebenza ngokujwayelekile); ± 0.5m (uma i-GPS isebenza ngokujwayelekile);
Okuvundlile: ± 0.3m (lapho ukuma okubukwayo kusebenza ngokujwayelekile); ± 1.5m (uma i-GPS isebenza ngokujwayelekile);
Ukuhlolwa kokumelana ne-insulation
Bheka indlela yokuhlola eshiwo ku-GB16796-2009 Isigaba somthetho 5.4.4.1. Uma inkinobho yamandla ivuliwe, sebenzisa i-voltage engu-500 V DC phakathi kwetheminali yamandla angenayo kanye nezingxenye zensimbi eziveziwe zendlu imizuzwana emi-5 bese ukala ukumelana nokushisa ngokushesha. Uma igobolondo lingenazo izingxenye ze-conductive, igobolondo ledivayisi kufanele limbozwe ngongqimba lwe-conductor yensimbi, futhi ukumelana nokushisa phakathi kwe-conductor yensimbi kanye netheminali yokufaka amandla kufanele kukalwe. Inani lesilinganiso sokumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation kufanele libe ngu-≥5MΩ.
Ukuhlolwa kwamandla kagesi
Ngokubhekiselwa endleleni yokuhlola ecaciswe ku-GB16796-2009 isigatshana 5.4.3, ukuhlolwa kwamandla kagesi phakathi kwendawo engenisa amandla kagesi nezingxenye zensimbi eziveziwe zekesi kufanele kukwazi ukumelana nogesi we-AC oshiwo esilinganisweni, esihlala iminithi elingu-1. Akufanele kube nokuqhekeka noma ukugoqa.
Ukuhlola ukwethembeka
Isikhathi sokusebenza ngaphambi kokuhluleka kokuqala singu-≥ amahora angu-2, ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe okuphindaphindiwe kuvunyelwe, futhi isikhathi sokuhlola ngasinye singekho ngaphansi kwemizuzu engu-15.
Ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu neliphansi
Njengoba izimo zemvelo lapho ama-drones asebenza khona ngokuvamile ashintshashintsha futhi ayinkimbinkimbi, futhi imodeli yendiza ngayinye inamakhono ahlukene okulawula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla angaphakathi nokushisa, ekugcineni okuholela ekutheni i-hardware yendiza ivumelane nezimo lokushisa ngendlela ehlukile, ngakho-ke ukuze kuhlangatshezwane Ngokungaphezulu noma ukusebenza. izidingo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ukuhlolwa kwendiza ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme neziphansi kuyadingeka. Ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu neliphansi lama-drones kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi.
Ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokushisa
Bheka indlela yokuhlola eshiwo kusigatshana 5.6.2.1 se-GB16796-2009. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokusebenza, sebenzisa ithemometha yephoyinti noma iyiphi indlela efanelekile yokukala izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu ngemva kwamahora angu-4 okusebenza. Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwezingxenye ezifinyelelekayo akufanele kudlule inani elishiwo ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokusebenza kuThebula 2 le-GB8898-2011.
Ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi
Ngokwendlela yokuhlola echazwe ku-GB/T 2423.1-2008, i-drone yafakwa ebhokisini lokuhlola imvelo ezingeni lokushisa elingu-(-25±2)°C kanye nesikhathi sokuhlola samahora angu-16. Ngemuva kokuthi ukuhlolwa sekuqediwe futhi kubuyiselwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zomkhathi amahora angu-2, i-drone kufanele ikwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile.
Ukuhlolwa kokudlidliza
Ngokwendlela yokuhlola ecaciswe ku-GB/T2423.10-2008:
I-drone isesimweni esingasebenzi futhi ayipakishiwe;
Ibanga lemvamisa: 10Hz ~ 150Hz;
Imvamisa ye-Crossover: 60Hz;
f＜60Hz, i-amplitude engaguquki engu-0.075mm;
f>60Hz, ukusheshisa okuqhubekayo 9.8m/s2 (1g);
Iphuzu elilodwa lokulawula;
Inombolo yemijikelezo yokuskena nge-eksisi ngayinye ingu-l0.
Ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwe-drone futhi isikhathi sokuhlola imizuzu eyi-15. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, i-drone akufanele ibe nomonakalo obonakalayo osobala futhi ikwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile.
Drop test
I-drop test iwukuhlola okuyinjwayelo okumele kwenziwe imikhiqizo eminingi njengamanje. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlola ukuthi ukupakishwa komkhiqizo we-drone kungavikela umkhiqizo ngokwawo kahle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwezokuthutha; ngakolunye uhlangothi, empeleni i-hardware yendiza. ukwethembeka.
ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi
Ngaphansi kokuqina kokusetshenziswa okuphezulu, i-drone ingaphansi kokuhlolwa kwengcindezi njengokuhlanekezelwa nokuthwala umthwalo. Ngemuva kokuthi ukuhlolwa sekuqediwe, i-drone idinga ukuthi ikwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ngokujwayelekile.
ukuhlolwa kwenkathi yokuphila
Yenza ukuhlolwa kwempilo ku-gimbal ye-drone, i-radar ebonakalayo, inkinobho yamandla, izinkinobho, njll., futhi imiphumela yokuhlolwa kufanele ihambisane nemithetho yomkhiqizo.
Ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokugqoka
Sebenzisa itheyiphu yephepha ye-RCA ukuhlola ukumelana nemihuzuko, futhi imiphumela yokuhlolwa kufanele ihambisane nezidingo zokuhuzuka ezimakwe emkhiqizweni.
Okunye ukuhlola okuvamile
Okufana nokubukeka, ukuhlolwa kokupakisha, ukuhlolwa okuphelele komhlangano, izingxenye ezibalulekile nokuhlolwa kwangaphakathi, ukulebula, ukumaka, ukuhlolwa kokuphrinta, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-24-2024