Imaphi amakhodi ezitifiketi zokuvikela imikhiqizo yohwebo lwangaphandle okudingeka idlule kwamanye amazwe? Asho ukuthini lawa mamaki ezitifiketi? Ake sibheke izimpawu zamanje zesitifiketi eziqashelwa umhlaba wonke nezincazelo zazo emhlabeni jikelele, futhi sibone ukuthi imikhiqizo yakho isiphumelele lesi sitifiketi esilandelayo.
1. Uphawu lwe-CECE wuphawu lwesitifiketi sokuphepha, oluthathwa njengepasipoti yabakhiqizi ukuthi bavule futhi bangene emakethe yaseYurophu. I-CE imele i-European Union. Yonke imikhiqizo enophawu oluthi “CE” ingathengiswa emazweni angamalungu e-EU ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zezwe ngalinye elingamalungu, ngaleyo ndlela kuqashelwe ukusakazwa kwamahhala kwezimpahla ngaphakathi kwamazwe angamalungu e-EU.
2.ROHSROHS isifinyezo Sokukhawulwa kokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithile eziyingozi ezintweni zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi. I-ROHS ibala izinto eziyisithupha eziyingozi, okuhlanganisa i-lead Pb, i-cadmium Cd, i-mercury Hg, i-hexavalent chromium Cr6+, i-PBDE ne-PBB. I-European Union yaqala ukusebenzisa i-ROHS ngoJulayi 1, 2006. Imikhiqizo kagesi neye-elekthronikhi esebenzisa noma equkethe izinsimbi ezisindayo, i-PBDE, i-PBB nezinye izinqamuli zomlilo azivunyelwe ukungena emakethe ye-EU. I-ROHS ihlose kuyo yonke imikhiqizo kagesi neye-elekthronikhi engase iqukathe izinto eziyisithupha eziyingozi ezingenhla ohlelweni lokukhiqiza kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa: izinto zikagesi ezimhlophe, njengeziqandisi, imishini yokuwasha, amahhavini ama-microwave, ama-air conditioner, izinto zokuhlanza amanzi, izifudumezi zamanzi, njll. ., izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezimnyama, njengemikhiqizo yomsindo nevidiyo, iDVD, iCD, izamukeli ze-TV, imikhiqizo ye-IT, imikhiqizo yedijithali, imikhiqizo yokuxhumana, njll; Amathuluzi kagesi, amathoyizi kagesi kagesi, imishini kagesi yezokwelapha. Phawula: Uma ikhasimende libuza ukuthi linawo yini ama-roh, kufanele libuze ukuthi liyawafuna yini ama-roh aphelile noma ama-roh aluhlaza. Ezinye izimboni azikwazi ukwenza ama-roh aphelile. Intengo ye-rohs ngokuvamile i-10% - 20% ephakeme kunaleyo yemikhiqizo evamile.
3. I-ULUL isifinyezo se-Underwriter Laboratories Inc. ngesiNgisi. I-UL Safety Testing Institute iyinhlangano yomphakathi enegunya kunawo wonke e-United States, kanye nenhlangano enkulu yomphakathi ehlanganyela ekuhloleni ukuphepha kanye nokuhlonza emhlabeni. Kuyisikhungo esizimele, esingenzi nzuzo, nesochwepheshe esenza izivivinyo zokuvikela umphakathi. Isebenzisa izindlela zokuhlola zesayensi ukuze itadishe futhi inqume ukuthi ingabe izinto ezihlukahlukene, izisetshenziswa, imikhiqizo, amathuluzi, izakhiwo, njll. ziyingozi yini empilweni nasempahleni kanye nezinga lokulimala; Ukunquma, lungiselela futhi ukhiphe izindinganiso ezihambisanayo nezinto ezingasiza ekunciphiseni nasekuvimbeleni ukulahlekelwa ukuphila nempahla, futhi wenze ibhizinisi lokuthola iqiniso ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngamafuphi, ihileleke kakhulu ebhizinisini lokunikeza isitifiketi sokuphepha komkhiqizo kanye nebhizinisi lokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokusebenza, futhi injongo yayo yokugcina iwukuba inikele emakethe ukuze ithole izimpahla ngezinga eliphephile uma kuqhathaniswa, kanye nokuqinisekisa impilo yomuntu siqu kanye nokuphepha kwempahla. Mayelana nesitifiketi sokuphepha komkhiqizo njengendlela ephumelelayo yokuqeda izithiyo zobuchwepheshe ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe, i-UL nayo idlala indima enhle ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Phawula: I-UL ayiphoqelekile ukuthi ungene e-United States.
4. I-FDA I-Food and Drug Administration yase-United States ibizwa nge-FDA. I-FDA ingenye yezikhungo eziphezulu ezisungulwe uHulumeni wase-United States eMnyangweni Wezempilo Nezinsizakalo Zabantu (DHHS) kanye Nomnyango Wezempilo Yomphakathi (PHS). Isibopho se-FDA siwukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla, izimonyo, izidakamizwa, ama-agent ebhayoloji, okokusebenza kwezokwelapha kanye nemikhiqizo ekhipha imisebe ekhiqizwa noma engeniswe e-United States. Ngemuva kwesigameko sangoSepthemba 11, abantu base-United States bakholelwa ukuthi kudingekile ukwenza ngcono ukuphepha kokutholakala kokudla. Ngemuva kokuthi iCongress yase-United States iphasise uMthetho Wezempilo Yomphakathi Nokuphepha kanye Nokuvimbela Nokusabela Kwama-Bioterrorism ka-2002 ngoJuni ngonyaka odlule, yabelwa amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-500 ukuze igunyaze i-FDA ukuthi yenze imithetho ethile yokusetshenziswa koMthetho. Ngokomthethonqubo, i-FDA izonikeza inombolo yokubhalisa ekhethekile kumfakisicelo ngamunye wokubhalisa. Ukudla okuthunyelwa ama-ejensi angaphandle e-United States kufanele kwaziswe I-United States Food and Drug Administration amahora angu-24 ngaphambi kokufika echwebeni lase-United States, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzonqatshelwa ukungena futhi kuvalelwe esikhumulweni semikhumbi sokungena. Phawula: I-FDA idinga ukubhaliswa kuphela, hhayi isitifiketi.
5. I-Federal Communications Commission (FCC) yasungulwa ngo-1934 njenge-ejensi ezimele kahulumeni wase-United States futhi inesibopho ngokuqondile kuKhongolose. I-FCC ixhumanisa ukuxhumana kwasekhaya nokwamanye amazwe ngokulawula umsakazo, umabonakude, ezokuxhumana, amasathelayithi nezintambo. Ihhovisi Lezobunjiniyela Nobuchwepheshe be-FCC linomthwalo wemfanelo wokwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwekomiti nokugunyazwa kwemishini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yomsakazo nentambo yokuxhumana ehlobene nempilo nempahla, ehlanganisa izifundazwe ezingaphezu kwezingu-50, i-Colombia nezifunda. ngaphansi kwamandla e-United States. Imikhiqizo eminingi yomsakazo, imikhiqizo yezokuxhumana kanye nemikhiqizo yedijithali idinga imvume ye-FCC ukuze ingene emakethe yase-US. IKomidi le-FCC liphenya futhi lihlole izigaba ezahlukahlukene zokuphepha komkhiqizo ukuthola indlela engcono kakhulu yokuxazulula inkinga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-FCC ihlanganisa nokutholwa kwemishini yomsakazo nezindiza. I-Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ilawula ukungenisa nokusetshenziswa kwemishini yefrikhwensi yomsakazo, okuhlanganisa amakhompuyutha, imishini yefeksi, izinto zikagesi, ukwamukela umsakazo nezinto zokudlulisa, amathoyizi alawulwa ngomsakazo, amafoni, amakhompyutha omuntu siqu neminye imikhiqizo engase ilimaze ukuphepha komuntu siqu. Uma le mikhiqizo izothunyelwa e-United States, kufanele ihlolwe futhi igunyazwe ilabhorethri egunyazwe uhulumeni ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe ze-FCC. Umthengisi kanye ne-ejenti yentela izosho ukuthi idivayisi ngayinye yefrikhwensi yomsakazo ithobelana nezinga le-FCC, okungukuthi, ilayisensi ye-FCC.
6.Ngokuvumelana nokuzibophezela kweShayina ekungeneni kwe-WTO kanye nomgomo wokubonisa impatho kazwelonke, i-CCC isebenzisa amamaki ahlanganisiwe ukuze kutholwe isitifiketi somkhiqizo oyimpoqo. Igama lophawu olusha lukazwelonke lwesitifiketi esiyimpoqo “Isitifiketi Esiyimpoqo sase-China”, igama lesiNgisi lithi “Isitifiketi Esiyimpoqo sase-China”, nesifinyezo sesiNgisi sithi “CCC”. Ngemva kokusetshenziswa kophawu lwase-China Lokugunyazwa Kwesitifiketi, kancane kancane luzothatha indawo yophawu lokuqala oluthi “Great Wall” kanye nophawu lwe-“CCIB”.
7. I-CSACSA isifinyezo se-Canadian Standards Association, eyasungulwa ngo-1919 futhi iyinhlangano yokuqala engenzi nzuzo e-Canada ukwenza izindinganiso zezimboni. Imikhiqizo kagesi kanye nekagesi ethengiswa emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika idinga ukuthola isitifiketi sokuphepha. Njengamanje, i-CSA iyisiphathimandla esikhulu sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha e-Canada futhi ingesinye seziphathimandla ezidume kakhulu zokunikeza izitifiketi zokuphepha emhlabeni. Ingahlinzeka ngesitifiketi sokuphepha kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo emishinini, izinto zokwakha, izinto zikagesi, okokusebenza kwekhompiyutha, okokusebenza kwasehhovisi, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuphepha emlilweni wezokwelapha, ezemidlalo nokuzijabulisa. I-CSA inikeze izinsiza zesitifiketi ezinkulungwaneni zabakhiqizi emhlabeni jikelele, futhi amakhulu ezigidi zemikhiqizo enophawu lwe-CSA idayiswa emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika minyaka yonke.
8. I-DIN Deutsche Institute fur Normung. I-DIN isiphathimandla sokumisa eJalimane, futhi ibamba iqhaza ezinhlanganweni zokumaniswa kwamazwe ngamazwe nezesifunda ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni njengenhlangano kazwelonke yokubeka izinga. I-DIN ijoyine i-International Organization for Standardization ngo-1951. I-German Electrotechnical Commission (DKE), eyakhiwe ngokuhlanganyela i-DIN kanye ne-German Association of Electrical Engineers (VDE), imele iJalimane ku-International Electrotechnical Commission. I-DIN iphinde ibe yi-European Commission for Standardization kanye ne-European Electrotechnical Standard.
9. I-BSI I-British Standards Institute (BSI) iyisikhungo sikazwelonke sakudala emhlabeni, esingalawulwa uhulumeni kodwa esithole ukwesekwa okuqinile kuhulumeni. I-BSI ithuthukisa futhi ibuyekeze Amazinga aseBrithani futhi ikhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwawo.
10. Kusukela ekuguqulweni nasekuvulweni kwe-GB, i-China isiqalile ukusebenzisa umnotho wemakethe yezenhlalakahle, futhi kokubili imakethe yasekhaya kanye nohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe luthuthuke ngokushesha. Amabhizinisi amaningi okuthekelisa e-China awakwazi ukungena emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yokuthi awaqondi izimfuneko zezinhlelo zokunikeza izitifiketi zakwamanye amazwe, futhi intengo yemikhiqizo eminingi yokuthekelisa iphansi kakhulu kunemikhiqizo efanayo eqinisekisiwe ezweni elisingathwayo. Ngakho-ke, lawa mabhizinisi kufanele asebenzise imali yangaphandle eyigugu minyaka yonke ukuze afake isicelo sokuthola izitifiketi zangaphandle futhi akhiphe imibiko yokuhlolwa ngama-ejensi okuhlola angaphandle. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, izwe liye laqalisa kancane kancane uhlelo lokunikeza izitifiketi olwamukelwa emhlabeni wonke. NgoMeyi 7, 1991, uMkhandlu Wombuso wakhipha Imithethonqubo yePeople's Republic of China mayelana Nesitifiketi Sekhwalithi Yomkhiqizo, futhi I-State Administration of Technical Supervision nayo yakhipha imithetho ethile ukuze kusetshenziswe iMithethonqubo, iqinisekise ukuthi umsebenzi wokunikeza izitifiketi wenziwa ngendlela ehlelekile. indlela. Kusukela yasungulwa ngo-1954, i-CNEEC ibisebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuze ithole ukuqashelwa kwamanye amazwe ukuze isebenzele ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo kagesi kwamanye amazwe. NgoJuni 1991, i-CNEEC yamukelwa yiKomidi Lokuphatha (i-Mc) le-International Electrotechnical Commission for the Safety Certification of Electrical Products (iEcEE) njengesiphathimandla sikazwelonke sokunikeza izitifiketi esamukele futhi sakhipha isitifiketi se-CB. Iziteshi zokuhlola ezingaphansi eziyisishiyagalolunye zamukelwa njengelabhorethri ye-CB (ilabhorethri ye-ejensi yezitifiketi). Inqobo nje uma inkampani isitholile isitifiketi se-cB kanye nombiko wokuhlola okhishwe yiKhomishana, amazwe angamalungu angama-30 ohlelweni lwe-IECEE-CcB azoqashelwa, futhi empeleni awekho amasampula azothunyelwa ezweni elingenisayo ukuze ahlolwe, okonga zombili izindleko. kanye nesikhathi sokuthola isitifiketi sezwe, esizuzisa kakhulu ukuthekelisa imikhiqizo.
11. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bukagesi nobuchwepheshe, imikhiqizo kagesi yasendlini iya ngokuya ithandwa futhi i-elekthronikhi, umsakazo kanye nomabonakude, iposi kanye nezokuxhumana kanye namanethiwekhi wekhompiyutha ziya ngokuya zithuthukiswa, futhi indawo ye-electromagnetic iya ngokuya iyinkimbinkimbi futhi iwohloka, okwenza ukuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic kagesi. kanye nemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi (i-EMC electromagnetic interference EMI kanye ne-electromagnetic interference EMS) nezindaba zithola ukunakwa okukhulayo okuvela kohulumeni namabhizinisi akhiqizayo. I-electromagnetic comppatibility (EMC) yemikhiqizo kagesi kanye nekagesi iyinkomba yekhwalithi ebaluleke kakhulu. Akuhlobene nje kuphela nokuthembeka nokuphepha komkhiqizo ngokwawo, kodwa futhi kungase kuthinte ukusebenza okuvamile kwezinye izinto zokusebenza namasistimu, futhi kuhlobene nokuvikelwa kwendawo ye-electromagnetic. Uhulumeni we-EC ubeka ukuthi kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 1996, yonke imikhiqizo kagesi neye-elekthronikhi kufanele iphumelele isitifiketi se-EMC futhi inamathiselwe uphawu lwe-CE ngaphambi kokuthi ithengiswe emakethe ye-EC. Lokhu kudale ithonya elisabalele emhlabeni wonke, futhi ohulumeni bathathe izinyathelo zokuphoqelela ukuphathwa okuphoqelekile ekusebenzeni kwe-RMC kwemikhiqizo kagesi neye-elekthronikhi. Enethonya emhlabeni jikelele, njenge-EU 89/336/EEC.
12. I-PSEPSE iyisitembu sokuqinisekisa esikhishwe yi-Japan JET (Japan Electrical Safety&Environment) semikhiqizo kagesi nekagesi ethobela imithetho yokuphepha yase-Japan. Ngokuya ngezinhlinzeko zoMthetho we-DENTORL wase-Japan (Umthetho Wokulawulwa Kokufakwa kukagesi Nezinto Zokusebenza), imikhiqizo engu-498 kufanele iphase isitifiketi sokuphepha ngaphambi kokungena emakethe yase-Japan.
13. Uphawu lwe-GSGS wuphawu lwesitifiketi sokuphepha olukhishwe i-TUV, VDE nezinye izikhungo ezigunyazwe uMnyango Wezabasebenzi waseJalimane. Uphawu lwe-GS wuphawu lokuphepha olwamukelwa amakhasimende ase-Europe. Ngokuvamile, iyunithi yenani lentengo yemikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe ye-GS iphezulu futhi iyadayiswa.
14. I-ISO International Organization for Standardization iyinhlangano ekhethekile emhlabeni wonke engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni yokulinganisa, edlala indima ehamba phambili ekumisweni kwamazwe ngamazwe. I-ISO ibeka izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe. Imisebenzi esemqoka ye-ISO ukwakha izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, ukuxhumanisa umsebenzi wokulinganisa emhlabeni wonke, ukuhlela amazwe angamalungu namakomiti ezobuchwepheshe ukushintshanisa ulwazi, nokubambisana nezinye izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ukutadisha ngokuhlanganyela izindaba ezifanele zokumiswa.
15.I-HACCPHACCP isifinyezo se-“Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point”, okungukuthi, ukuhlaziya ubungozi kanye nephuzu lokulawula elibucayi. Uhlelo lwe-HACCP luthathwa njengolungcono kakhulu nolusebenza kahle kakhulu lokulawula ukuphepha kokudla kanye nekhwalithi yokunambitheka. Indinganiso kazwelonke ye-GB/T15091-1994 Basic Terminology of Food Industry ichaza i-HACCP njengendlela yokulawula ukukhiqizwa (ukucubungula) kokudla okuphephile; Hlaziya izinto ezingavuthiwe, izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezibalulekile kanye nezici zomuntu ezithinta ukuphepha komkhiqizo, thola izixhumanisi ezibalulekile enqubweni yokucubungula, sungula futhi uthuthukise izinqubo zokuqapha kanye namazinga, futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokulungisa ezivamile. Izinga lamazwe ngamazwe i-CAC/RCP-1, Izimiso Ezijwayelekile Zokuhlanzeka Kokudla, Isibuyekezo 3, 1997, sichaza i-HACCP njengohlelo lokuhlonza, lokuhlola nokulawula izingozi ezibalulekile ekuphepheni kokudla.
16. I-GMPGMP isifinyezo se-Good Manufacturing Practice ngesiNgisi, okusho ukuthi “Umkhuba Omuhle Wokukhiqiza” ngesiShayina. Kuwuhlobo lokuphatha olunaka ngokukhethekile ukuqaliswa kokuhlanzeka kokudla nokuphepha enqubweni yokukhiqiza. Kafushane, i-GMP idinga ukuthi amabhizinisi akhiqiza ukudla kufanele abe nezinto ezinhle zokukhiqiza, inqubo yokukhiqiza efanele, ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi ephelele kanye nohlelo oluqinile lokuhlonza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yokugcina (okubandakanya ukuphepha kokudla kanye nenhlanzeko) ihlangabezana nezidingo zokulawula. Okuqukethwe okucaciswe ku-GMP yizimo eziyisisekelo okufanele amabhizinisi okucubungula ukudla ahlangabezane nazo.
17. I-REACH REACH isifinyezo somthethonqubo we-EU “UMTHETHOSISEKO MAYELANA NOBHALISO, UKUHLOLA, UKUGUNYAZWA KANYE NOKUTHINJWA KWAMAKHEMIkhali”. Kuwuhlelo lokuqondisa amakhemikhali olwasungulwa yi-EU futhi lwaqala ukusebenza ngo-June 1, 2007. Lesi isiphakamiso esilawulayo esiphathelene nokukhiqizwa, ukuhweba nokusetshenziswa kokuphepha kwamakhemikhali, okuhlose ukuvikela impilo yabantu nokuphepha kwemvelo, ukugcina kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuncintisana kwamakhemikhali. imboni yamakhemikhali ye-European Union, futhi ithuthukise amandla okuqamba amakhompiyutha angenabuthi futhi angenabungozi. Umyalelo we-REACH udinga ukuthi amakhemikhali angenisiwe futhi akhiqizwa eYurophu kumele adlule kusethi yezinqubo eziphelele ezinjengokubhaliswa, ukuhlola, ukugunyazwa kanye nemikhawulo, ukuze kubonakale kangcono futhi kalula kakhudlwana izingxenye zamakhemikhali ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwemvelo nokuphepha kwabantu. Lo myalelo ikakhulukazi uhlanganisa ukubhaliswa, ukuhlola, ukugunyazwa, ukuvinjelwa nezinye izinto ezinkulu. Noma iyiphi impahla kufanele ibe nefayela lokubhalisa elinohlu lwezingxenye zamakhemikhali, futhi ichaze ukuthi umenzi uzisebenzisa kanjani lezi zingxenye zamakhemikhali kanye nombiko wokuhlola ubuthi. Lonke ulwazi luzofakwa kusizindalwazi esakhiwayo, esiphethwe yi-European Chemical Agency, i-ejensi entsha ye-EU eseHelsinki, eFinland.
18. I-HALALHalal, ekuqaleni okusho ukuthi “esemthethweni”, ihunyushwa ngokuthi “halal” ngesiShayina, okungukuthi, ukudla, imithi, izimonyo nokudla, imithi, izithasiselo zezimonyo ezihlangabezana nemikhuba yokuphila nezidingo zamaSulumane. IMalaysia, izwe lamaSulumane, ibilokhu izibophezele ekuthuthukiseni imboni ye-halal (halal). Isitifiketi se-halal (halal) esikhishwe yibo sinokwethenjwa okuphezulu emhlabeni futhi sithenjwa umphakathi wamaSulumane. Izimakethe zaseNyakatho Melika naseYurophu nazo ziyaqaphela kancane kancane amandla amakhulu emikhiqizo ye-halal, futhi aziyekanga umzamo wokuqala ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo efanele, futhi zenze amazinga ahambisanayo kanye nezinqubo zokuthola isitifiketi se-halal.
19. Isitifiketi se-C/A-tick C/A-tick wuphawu lwesitifiketi esikhishwe i-Australian Communications Authority (ACA) sempahla yokuxhumana. Umjikelezo wesitifiketi se-C-tick: amaviki angu-1-2. Umkhiqizo ungaphansi kokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kobuchwepheshe kwe-ACAQ, irejista ne-ACA ukuze isetshenziswe i-A/C-Tick, igcwalise “Ifomu Lokumenyezelwa Kokuvumelana”, futhi iligcine nerekhodi lokuvumelana komkhiqizo. Uphawu lwe-A/C-Tick lunamathiselwe emkhiqizweni noma emishinini yokuxhumana. I-A-Tick ethengiselwa abathengi isebenza kuphela emikhiqizweni yezokuxhumana. Imikhiqizo eminingi ye-elekthronikhi eye-C-Tick, kodwa uma imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi isebenza ku-A-Tick, ayidingi ukufaka isicelo se-C-Tick. Kusukela ngoNovemba 2001, izicelo ze-EMI ezivela e-Australia/New Zealand zihlanganisiwe; Uma umkhiqizo uzothengiswa kulawa mazwe womabili, amadokhumenti alandelayo kufanele aphelele ngaphambi kokumakethwa ukuze ahlolwe ngokungahleliwe yi-ACA (Australian Communications Authority) noma iziphathimandla zase-New Zealand (Ministry of Economic Development) nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Uhlelo lwe-EMC lwase-Australia luhlukanisa imikhiqizo ibe ngamaleveli amathathu. Ngaphambi kokudayisa imikhiqizo ye-Level 2 kanye ne-Level 3, abahlinzeki kufanele babhalise kwa-ACA futhi bafake isicelo sokusebenzisa uphawu lwe-C-Tick.
20. I-SAASAA iqinisekiswe yiNhlangano Yamazinga yase-Australia, ngakho abangani abaningi babiza izitifiketi zase-Australia i-SAA. I-SAA isho isitifiketi sokuthi imikhiqizo kagesi engena emakethe yase-Australia kufanele ihambisane nemithetho yezokuphepha yasendaweni, evame ukubhekana nemboni. Ngenxa yesivumelwano sokubonana phakathi kwe-Australia ne-New Zealand, yonke imikhiqizo eqinisekiswe yi-Australia ingathengiswa ngempumelelo emakethe yaseNew Zealand. Yonke imikhiqizo kagesi izoba ngaphansi kwesitifiketi sokuphepha (SAA). Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zelogo ye-SAA, eyodwa ukugunyazwa okusemthethweni, kanti enye ilogo evamile. Isitifiketi esisemthethweni sinesibopho samasampula kuphela, kuyilapho amamaki ajwayelekile adinga ukubuyekezwa yimboni ngayinye. Njengamanje, zimbili izindlela zokufaka isicelo sokuthola isitifiketi se-SAA e-China. Enye iwukudlulisa umbiko wokuhlolwa kwe-CB. Uma ungekho umbiko wokuhlolwa kwe-CB, ungafaka isicelo ngqo. Imvamisa, isikhathi sokufaka isicelo sesitifiketi se-SAA sase-Australia samalambu e-IT AV kanye nempahla encane yasendlini ngamaviki ama-3-4. Uma ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ingekho ezingeni, idethi ingase inwetshwe. Lapho uthumela umbiko e-Australia ukuze ubuyekezwe, kudingeka ukuthi unikeze isitifiketi se-SAA sepulaki yomkhiqizo (ikakhulukazi esemikhiqizo enepulaki), ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke isingathwe. Ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zomkhiqizo, njengezibani, kuyadingeka ukunikeza isitifiketi se-SAA se-transformer esibani, ngaphandle kwalokho idatha yokubuyekeza yase-Australia ngeke idlule.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-27-2023